肿节风药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法建立了肿节风药材的指纹图谱,色谱柱为Hypersil C18(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行二元梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,检测波长300 nm.对10批不同产地的肿节风药材进行了检测,并应用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价软件"生成了共有模式色谱图,共有16个色谱峰,各色谱峰分离情况良好.精密度、重复性和稳定性试验中各共有峰相对保留时间和相对峰面积的RSD均小于3%,符合指纹图谱要求.该方法简便,可靠,精密度、稳定性和重复性良好,可用于肿节风药材的质量评价.用该方法比较了肿节风药材不同部位指纹图谱的差异,为最佳用药部位的确定提供了理论依据.     

不同品种荷叶HPLC指纹图谱研究

研究用高效液相色谱法建立荷叶指纹图谱的分析方法。采用依利特Sino Chrom色谱柱(4.6 mm×200mm,5μm),以乙腈-缓冲溶液(H3PO4-NaH2PO4,0.1 mol/L,pH 2.5)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.5 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长254 nm。用上述方法确定了10批不同品种荷叶的12个共有峰,各色谱峰分离效果良好,精密度、稳定性、重复性试验中各共有峰相对保留时间和相对峰面积的RSD均小于3%,符合指纹图谱要求。该方法精密度、稳定性和重复性均较好,为荷叶的质量控制标准提供了参考。     

桂南地区苦玄参药材RP-HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用反相HPLC法测定了广西梧州、龙州、苍梧、越南等多产地12批苦玄参药材指纹图谱,并对不同产地的苦玄参指纹图谱进行比较。色谱条件为:LunaC18(4.6×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长254nm,柱温25℃。结果12批苦玄参样品指纹图谱共标定了16个分离度良好的共有峰,方法的精密度、稳定性、重复性均符合国家相关规定,可作为控制苦玄参药材质量的定性标准。     

甘草药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

研究用高效液相色谱法建立甘草药材指纹图谱的分析方法。采用Symmrtry shield RP18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇和水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,柱温25℃,检测波长254 nm。用上述方法确定了10批不同产地甘草药材的24个共有峰,建立了甘草药材指纹图谱的分析方法,该方法精密度、稳定性、重复性均较好,为甘草药材的质量控制标准提供了参考。     

不同产地野生与栽培伊贝母药材水溶性成分指纹图谱研究

目的:建立伊贝母药材水溶性成分高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠的方法。方法:采用HPLC-DAD方法,以Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇和水,梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL·min-1,柱温25℃,检测波长:260 nm。采用药典委员会颁布的中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004 A版软件,对29批野生与栽培伊贝母药材进行指纹图谱分析。结果:29批伊贝母药材中有14个共有特征峰,建立了HPLC指纹图谱共有模式。各批次伊贝母药材相似度都在0.714以上,29批野生与栽培伊贝母药材可通过系统聚类分成5类,不同产地野生与栽培药材组成质量相似性较好,并定量测定了样品中的β-胸苷和腺苷。结论:所建立的HPLC指纹图谱及定量分析均具有良好的精密度、重复性、稳定性,可用于伊贝母药材的质量综合评价。     

海南广藿香药材SFE提取物指纹图谱研究

目的:采用气相色谱法建立海南广藿香药材的指纹图谱,为海南广藿香药材提供质量控制标准。方法:岛津GC-14C气相色谱仪,SE-54弹性石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μm),FID检测器,程序升温。结果:共有峰相对保留时间与相对峰面积的精密度、重复性和稳定性的RSD均小于3%,符合有关规定。结论:该方法可用于海南广藿香药材质量标准控制。     

广西产拳卷地钱HPLC指纹图谱研究

为了对广西产拳卷地钱药材进行质量控制,采用HPLC指纹图谱法对8批药材进行了研究,色谱条件为安捷伦ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈(B)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(D),梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm,柱温为25℃。结果表明:建立了参考指纹图谱,共有峰6个,8批广西产拳卷地钱药材HLPC指纹图谱相似度均大于0.75,其精密度、重复性、稳定性实验均符合指纹图谱技术要求。HPLC指纹图谱分析,数据稳定可靠,方法简便高效,可为广西产拳卷地钱质量评价提供参考。     

紫花地丁HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立紫花地丁药材HPLC指纹图谱,提供药材质量控制的可靠方法。方法:采用HPLC方法,以Agi-lent C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.5%醋酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱;检测波长353 nm,流速1.0mL/min。结果:检测了12批不同来源的紫花地丁药材,确立了18个共有峰,建立了紫花地丁对照指纹图谱,计算各被测样品的HPLC指纹图谱的整体相似度,并指认了菊苣苷、七叶内酯、东莨菪素、早开堇菜苷4个特征峰,比较了上述成分在不同药材中的含量。结论:所建立的指纹图谱具有良好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,可作为紫花地丁药材质量控制标准。     

吉林12种蒲公英HPLC指纹图谱研究

通过比较吉林产不同种蒲公英HPLC指纹图谱,探讨吉林产蒲公英HPLC指纹图谱的特点,为蒲公英药材的质量控制提供理论参考。采用HPLC方法,以Agilent Extend-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,以甲醇-0.5%冰醋酸水溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长为323 nm,流速为1.000 mL·min-1,柱温35℃,进样量为20μL,检测了12种吉林产不同种类蒲公英药材,确立了9个共有峰,建立了蒲公英对照指纹图谱,计算各被测样品的HPLC指纹图谱的整体相似度,并指认了绿原酸、咖啡酸、总黄酮3个特征峰,比较了上述成分在不同药材中的含量,定量结果表明,3种成分平均含量分别为0.027%、0.026%、0.128%。所建立的指纹图谱具有良好的精密度、重现性和稳定性,可作为吉林产蒲公英药材的质量控制标准。     

UPLC指纹图谱结合化学模式识别评价白芷药材质量

为建立白芷药材UPLC指纹图谱测定方法,并用于白芷药材的质量评价。研究采用Waters UPLC超高效液相色谱仪,ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,建立10批白芷药材的UPLC指纹图谱。采用对照品化学指认,并结合相似度评价、聚类分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)等模式识别技术,对不同产地和处理方式的白芷药材的总体质量进行分析评价。建立的指纹图谱方法符合方法学要求,指纹图谱共标定22个共有峰,经对照品进行化学指认共鉴定了其中10个色谱峰;通过相似度评价、CA、PCA结果可知不同产地白芷药材质量有差异,且硫磺熏蒸对白芷药材品质有较大影响;最后采用OPLS-DA和组间差异性分析,筛选出了导致白芷药材质量差异的主要标志性成分。本研究建立的指纹图谱结合化学模式识别方法可用于白芷药材的质量控制和品质评价。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.