甘肃中南部原尾虫物种多样性及区系分析

在甘肃中南部设置12个样区,对该地区原尾虫的物种多样性进行了研究。发现原尾虫11种,隶属于2目6科7属。其中包括1个甘肃新记录属、4个甘肃新记录种和1个未定名种。古蚖科Eosentomidae、檗蚖科Berberentulidae为优势类群。华山蚖Huashanentulus huashanensis为广布种;檗蚖科Berberentulidae有2属3种;古蚖科Eosentomidae有3属7种,占甘肃原尾虫总数的44％;始蚖科Protentomidae有1属1种;夕蚖科Hesperentomidae有1属2种;日本蚖科Nipponentomidae有1种,中华雅娃蚖Yavanna sinensis是甘肃的新记录种;蚖科Hesperentomidae有1属2种,包括1个华山蚖属未定名种Huashanentulus sp.,只分布在临夏太子山自然保护区。对甘肃原尾虫区系进行了分析,结果显示：古北界种类占总数的20％,东洋界物种占53.3％,广布种类占总数的26.7％。     

中国青海省夕蚖属二新种记述(原尾纲,夕蚖科)

记述了采自青海省的夕蚖属2新种,即西宁夕蚖Hesperentomon ciningense sp.nov.和南山夕蚖Hesperentomon nanshanensis sp.nov.,两新种腹部第Ⅱ～Ⅵ节背板后排具有6对刚毛,毛序为8/12,第Ⅳ～Ⅵ节腹板缺失后排中刚毛Pc,毛序为4/8.西宁夕蚖和南山夕蚖相似,二者可以通过颚腺、雌性外生殖器、前足跗节的长度、感器形状以及腹部第Ⅹ节的毛序加以区分.新种模式标本保存在上海昆虫博物馆.     

中国东北原尾虫一新种记述(原尾纲,蚖科)

记述了采自辽宁省鞍山市千山的原尾虫1新种,千山线毛蚖Filientomon qianshanense sp. nov.,新种第Ⅱ、Ⅲ对腹足上各仅具1根刚毛,前足跗节末端的爪上具有内外悬片各1个.文中给出了线毛蚖属世界种类检索表.新种模式标本保存在上海昆虫博物馆.     

中国东北原尾虫一新属一新种(原尾纲,蚖科)

报道了采自我国东北地区辽宁省兴城市原尾虫1新属辽宁妧属Liaoxientulus gen.nov.及新种兴城辽宁妧Liaoxientulus xingchengensis sp.nov.和该属的1个未定名种Liaoxientulus sp.,新属属于蚖科屠妧亚科.新属与采自东北黑龙江省的屠妧亚科伊春蚖属Yichunentulus Yin,1980形态最为相近,其与后者主要差别在于下唇须和前跗内侧感觉器b′不同,伊春妧属下唇须有1根膨大的感觉器和4根刚毛,前跗内侧感觉器b′缺如;新属下唇须退化,其上感觉器缺如,刚毛只有3根,但是前跗内侧感觉器b′存在.新属现有2个种,均为此次新发现,其中1个种为新种Liaoxientulus xingchengensis sp.nov.,另外1个种为未定名种Liaoxientulus sp..新种正模1只和副模1只以及该属另1未定名种标本保存在中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,新种另2只副模保存在上海植物生理生态所昆虫博物馆.     

贵州关岭晚三叠世法郎组瓦窑段鱼类化石初步观察

描述了关岭新铺地区晚三叠世法郎组瓦窑段中发现的鱼类5目5科5属5种和1未定种,其中1新属5新种,它们是Guizhoucoelacanthus guanlingensis Liu,Yin et Wang S Y gen.etsp.nov.,Birgeria guizhouensisLiu,Yin et Luo sp.nov.,Birgeriasp.,Pholidopleurus xiao waensis Liuet Yin sp.nov.,Peltopleurus brachycephalus Liu et Yin sp.nov.,Guizhoueugnathus largusLiu,Yinet Luo sp.nov.。关岭法郎组瓦窑段鱼类组合与邻区兴义晚三叠世法郎组竹杆坡段(卡尼早期)鱼类组合明显不同,瓦窑段的层位在竹杆坡段之上,其时代可能为卡尼中期。     

宁夏革螨三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲,革螨股)

记述寄螨科Parasitidae1新种,六盘山钝革螨Amblygamasus liupanshanensis Bai,Yan et Wu,sp.nov.,宽寄螨科Euryparasitidae 1新种,邓氏宽寄螨Euryparasitus tengkuofani Bai,Yan et Wei,sp.nov.和维螨科Veigaiaidae 1新种,陈氏维螨Veigaia chenbaifangi Bai,Yan et Qi,sp.nov.,标本采自宁夏六盘山自然保护区,模式标本保存于军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所昆虫标本馆,北京。     

FREUDEIA KASZAB, A NEWLY RECORDED GENUS AND A NEW SPECIES FROM CHINA (COLEOPTERA, TENEBRIONIDAE,TENTYRIINI)

报道中国鳖甲族1新纪录属及1新种:异颚弗鳖甲Freudeia heteromaxillaria sp.nov.,描述了新种的形态特征并附鉴别特征图和整体照片.新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和河北大学博物馆.     

中国鳖甲族一新纪录属及一新种记述(鞘翅目,拟步甲科)

报道中国鳖甲族1新纪录属及1新种:异颚弗鳖甲Freudeia heteromaxillaria sp.nov.,描述了新种的形态特征并附鉴别特征图和整体照片。新种模式标本保存于中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和河北大学博物馆。     

海南岛肯蚖属的四新种(原尾目:檗蚖科)

1984年岁末至次年初,刘祖尧和金根桃二位同志,自海南岛的五指山、尖峰岭和吊罗山等地,采集到原尾虫标本400多只,经鉴定共计有24种,其中肯蚖属的种类较为丰富,共有8种。除日本肯蚖〔Kenyentulus japonicus(Imadate 1961)〕河南肯蚖(K.henanensis Yin 1983),景洪肯蚖(K.jinghongensis Yin 1983)和小肯蚖(K.     

中国贝蟋属系统学研究(直翅目,蟋蟀科,纤蟋亚科)

对中国贝蟋属进行了系统研究,并记述1新种,即小贝蟋Beybienkoana parvula sp.nov.,同时发现1新组合,长翅贝蟋Beybienkoana longipennis(Liu et Yin,1993)comb.nov..模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.     

中国脐鳞属地衣的初步研究

在泛北极地区迄今已知的脐鳞属地衣共有三种:中国有记录的两种。本文报道了四种,其中之一为新种,另一种为中国新记录。此外,有一改级新组合。     

The Larva of Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), Including a Re-description of the Female

The larva of Hydropsyche tabacarui Botosaneanu, 1960 is described and compared with the morphologically very similar larva of H. tibialis McLachlan, 1884. Information for the identification of both species is given and some zoogeographical and ecological notes are presented. In addition, the female of H. tabacarui is re-described.     

梣属药用植物的分类研究

本文报道我国梣属供药用的9种及3变种植物的分类研究,对本属植物的若干错误鉴定和学名混乱进行了必要的整理修订,提出了1个新变种、2个新等级、3个新异名,为本属药用植物的准确鉴定和系统分类研究提供了一定的依据。     

Evolutionary Conservation of the Larval Serotonergic Nervous System in a Direct Developing Sea Urchin

Development of the larval serotonergic nervous system is examined by indirect immunofluorescence in two congeneric species of sea urchins that exhibit divergent embryonic and larval development. Heliocidar is tuberculata undergoes indirect planktotrophic development via a pluteus larva, whereas Heliocidaris erythrogramma develops directly, passing through a brief, highly derived lecithotrophic larval stage. We have cleared the opaque embryos of H. erythrogramma and discuss internal features of its development. The serotonergic nervous system of H. tuberculata arises in the apical plate at the end of gastrulation and develops into a bilaterally symmetric ganglion lying between the anterolateral arms in the preoral hood. Putatively homologous neurons appear at the apical end of the modified larva of H. erythrogramma well after the completion of gastrulation, coincident with development of the primary podia of the adult rudiment. The neurons form a bilaterally symmetric ganglion whose orientation relative to the vestibule is conserved with respect to that found in planktotrophic larvae. This allows us to define a left and right side for this larva which lacks external points of asymmetry such as a larval mouth. The alteration in the time of nervous system development in H. erythrogramma relative to that of H. tuberculata , and other indirect developers, implicates heterochronies in cellular differentiation as an important component of the evolution of direct development.     

Adaptive evolution of bindin in the genus Heliocidaris is correlated with the shift to direct development

Abstract Sea urchins are widely used to study both fertilization and development. In this study we combine the two fields to examine the evolution of reproductive isolation in the genus Heliocidaris . Heliocidaris tuberculata develops indirectly via a feeding larva, whereas the only other species in the genus, H. erythrogramma , has evolved direct development through a nonfeeding larva. We estimated the time of divergence between H. erythrogramma and H. tuberculata from mitochondrial DNA divergence, quantified levels of gametic compatibility between the two species in cross-fertilization assays, and examined the mode of evolution of the sperm protein bindin by sequencing multiple alleles of the two species. Bindin is the major component of the sea urchin sperm acrosomal vesicle, and is involved in sperm-egg attachment and fusion. Based on our analyses, we conclude that: the two species of Heliocidaris diverged less than five million years ago, indicating that direct development can evolve rapidly in sea urchins; since their divergence, the two species have become gametically incompatible; Heliocidaris bindin has evolved under positive selection; and this positive selection is concentrated on the branch leading to H. erythrogramma . Three hypotheses can explain the observed pattern of selection on bindin: (1) it is a correlated response to the evolution of direct development in H. erythrogramma; (2) it is the result of an intraspecific process acting in H. erythrogramma but not in H. tuberculata; or (3) it is the product of reinforcement on the species that invests more energy into each egg to avoid hybridization.     

中国石头花属的分类和分布

本文报道我国石头花属植物有１８种（其中２新种）１变种,分隶于５组。大多分布西北、华北和东北地区,新疆是我国本属植物的分布和分化中心,种数往东递减。河北石头花、华山石头花、刺序石头花和细叶石头花为我国特有种。     

西藏真蚋一新种(双翅目：蚋科)

西藏真蚋一新种（双翅目：蚋科）邓成玉,张有植,薛群力,陈汉彬（成都军区卫生防疫队成都６１００６１）（贵阳医学院贵阳５５０００４）１９８９年５月,作者在进行西藏亚东烟类调查时,发现烟属真纳亚属一新种,现记述如卜。新纤细真纳Ｓｉｔｈｄｓ（ＥＭｂｏｄｓｎ们...     

异色瓢虫对与本土蚜虫共存的外来扶桑绵粉蚧的搜寻和捕食行为

【目的】外来入侵物种作为猎物可能影响本土广谱捕食者的搜寻和捕食行为。本研究旨在揭示异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对与本土豌豆修尾蚜Megoura japonica混合发生的外来入侵扶桑绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solenopsis的搜寻和捕食行为。【方法】试验前对异色瓢虫设两个饲喂猎物种类处理：用扶桑绵粉蚧连续饲养3代以上(前期饲喂粉蚧的瓢虫)和用豌豆修尾蚜连续饲养3代以上(前期饲喂蚜虫的瓢虫)。在盆栽蚕豆Vicia faba苗上随机选一片叶接扶桑绵粉蚧3龄若虫和3或4日龄豌豆修尾蚜若蚜,在总猎物数量20-30头(具体数量随机确定)范围内随机组配两种猎物数量使粉蚧占比从5.6%至83.3%不等,待猎物在叶片上稳定后接入1头饥饿24 h的异色瓢虫4龄幼虫,连续观察2 h,统计异色瓢虫首次捕食是否选择粉蚧、捕食的粉蚧数量占总捕食猎物数量的比例、搜索用时占总搜捕用时的比例以及处理粉蚧用时占总搜捕用时的比例;以扶桑绵粉蚧在猎物斑块中的比例和饲喂猎物种类处理为自变量因素,用回归模型拟合其对异色瓢虫搜寻和捕食行为等观测变量的影响。【结果】异色瓢虫4龄幼虫首次捕食选择粉蚧概率随粉蚧比例增大而增大,粉蚧比例每增大10%,首次捕食粉蚧概率增大77.2%,而且此概率不受此前饲喂猎物种类的影响。捕食的粉蚧数量占比与粉蚧比例的关系受饲喂猎物种类的影响：粉蚧比例每增加10%,前期饲喂粉蚧的瓢虫捕食的粉蚧数量占比增大137%,而前期饲喂蚜虫的瓢虫捕食的粉蚧数量占比增大60%。异色瓢虫搜索用时比例受粉蚧比例的影响,但不受饲喂猎物种类的影响：粉蚧比例每增加10%,搜索用时比例增大13%;前期饲喂粉蚧的瓢虫搜索用时比例略低于前期饲喂蚜虫的瓢虫(降低7%)。异色瓢虫处理粉蚧用时比例受粉蚧比例的影响,但不受饲喂猎物种类的影响：粉蚧比例每增加10%,处理粉蚧用时比例增大41%。【结论】本研究结果说明在遭遇外来入侵扶桑绵粉蚧与本土蚜虫共存的猎物斑块时,异色瓢虫对粉蚧的捕食选择依赖于其相对比例,依赖程度因此前取食粉蚧而增强。