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1.
鸟类鸣唱的复杂性和多样性   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13  
鸣唱是一种非常重要的鸟类行为学特征。文章通过对大杜鹃Cuculus canorus、赫氏杜鹃C.horsfieldi、红喉蜂鸟Calypte anna、纵纹腹小XiaoAthene noctua、黑卷尾Dicrurus macrocercus、画眉Garrulax canorus和东方大苇莺Acrocephalus orientalis繁殖期鸣唱的频谱分析,初步总结出了鸟类鸣唱复杂性和多样性的一些特点。初步在鸟类鸣唱型、音段和音节等不同层次上总结出6种不同模式:单音节重复型,双音节重复型,单音节鸣唱型,音段序列稳定变化型,多音节序列不稳定变化型和音节音段混合序列不稳定变化型。鸣唱型模式类型的归纳总结,为鸟类物种行为多样性和鸟声复杂性与多样性研究奠定理论基础。  相似文献   

2.
青藏高原白腰雪雀鸣声结构的复杂性   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
本文以SAS Lab鸟类声谱分析软件对采自青藏高原黑马河、玛多与花石峡、沱沱河的白腰雪雀不同地方种群的鸣叫与鸣唱的复杂性进行了分析 ,发现白腰雪雀的鸣叫相对变化率随着采样量的增加由 0 5 2 2迅速降低到 0 1 2 7和 0 1 1 9,表明其鸣叫声组成中音节类型较少。同时发现其声谱图结构比较简单 ,表现出高度的音节重复并多有谐波的现象。鸣唱结构相对复杂 ,不同鸣唱音节数随鸣唱曲目的增加 ,开始有明显的增加 ,当鸣唱曲目增加到一定值时 ,不同音节数的增加趋于平缓 ,几乎保持稳定 ;野外未发现任何相同的鸣唱型 ,但在不同鸣唱型之间具有不同程度的音节共享现象。依据雷富民等 (2 0 0 3)对鸟类鸣唱多样性和复杂性的评述 ,白腰雪雀鸣唱的结构模式符合“多音节序列不稳定变化型” ,其鸣唱曲目中音节的转换形式为“序列鸣唱”。然而 ,鸣唱模式中音节类型的有限性和鸣唱型的高度多样化表明 :白腰雪雀鸣唱的复杂性不仅体现在鸣唱型内较丰富的音节组成 ,而且更重要的还在于不同鸣唱型间具有多变的音节序列组合形式  相似文献   

3.
许多动物的声通讯行为存在显著的季节变化,鸟类的鸣唱也是如此。雄鸟鸣唱具有宣告领域和吸引配偶的功能,在繁殖季节与非繁殖季节之间应存在一定差异,但差异如何?具体表现在哪些方面?这在很多鸟类中尚未可知。本研究以一种在秋季也有显著鸣唱行为的城市常见小型鸣禽——白头鹎(Pycnonotussinensis)为研究对象,比较其在春季(繁殖季)与秋季(非繁殖季)的鸣唱差异,并分析可能的原因。于2020至2021连续两年的春、秋季分别在武汉地区各采集了27只和30只雄性白头鹎的鸣唱录音,共测量分析春季鸣唱372个,秋季鸣唱435个。对测得的各鸣唱参数数据进行季节间比较,结果显示,白头鹎的鸣唱持续时间和鸣唱音节数存在显著季节差异,春季鸣唱的持续时间较秋季更长,鸣唱音节数更多。鸣唱的频率、能量分布等其他声学参数,以及鸣唱型出现率(反映鸣唱曲目大小)均未表现出显著季节差异。白头鹎鸣唱的时程特征相对其他鸣声特征更具季节可塑性。此外,还发现同一采样点的白头鹎春、秋两季使用相同的鸣唱型。本研究结果表明,春季白头鹎的单位时间鸣唱输出量更大,鸣唱行为更活跃,这与繁殖季节鸟类的领域性更强、为繁殖成功投入更多相一致。白头...  相似文献   

4.
Wang AZ 《动物学研究》2010,31(6):617-622
鸟类的鸣唱方言是研究非人类文化进化及其与种群遗传分化相互作用的理想素材。该研究通过比较跨度8年的2001年和2009年青海门源赭红尾鸲(Phoenicurus ochruros rufiventris)鸣唱,研究结果显示,青海门源赭红尾鸲的种特异性音节、经典唱段中的部分音节、典型唱段结构和鸣唱方言的基本形式都具有较高的时间稳定性。2009年赭红尾鸲唱段曲目多于2001年,共享唱段出现了一定的分化,唱段的共享程度和鸣唱的相似性与个体领域间的距离相关,相邻个体的鸣唱相似性程度高于较远距离的个体。  相似文献   

5.
雌性选择与雄鸟鸣唱的进化   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
鸣唱是许多鸟类的重要的雄性第二性征之一。雄性鸣唱包含着丰富的信息:物种、领域质量、遗传状态和生理状态。这些信息可被雌性用来判断潜在配偶的素质,而雌性对复杂鸣唱的偏爱反过塑造了鸟类的鸣唱。一般认为雌性选择的调控基因位于决定性别的W染色体上。  相似文献   

6.
鸣禽的鸣唱与人类的语言产生相似,是一种复杂的习得性行为.因此,鸣禽可以作为研究人类语言学习与产生的重要模式动物.鸣禽鸣唱受到相互联系的鸣唱控制核团调控.多巴胺作为脑内重要的神经递质,参与调控哺乳动物多种活动.多巴胺及其受体在鸣禽鸣唱相关神经核团大量分布.近期研究表明,多巴胺通过调控鸣唱相关核团,促进鸣禽幼年期鸣曲学习、成年期鸣曲保持以及求偶性鸣唱的产生.本文结合本课题组的研究工作,对近年鸣禽多巴胺系统调控鸣唱相关神经核团及鸣唱行为的研究进展进行了综述,并提出了多巴胺信号调控鸣禽鸣唱学习行为的潜在机制.  相似文献   

7.
王爱真  吴君  王稳  魏青 《四川动物》2022,(2):162-167
城镇化提高了环境噪音水平,一般认为高水平的噪音对城市鸟类鸣声的传播会带来不利影响。城市鸟类可以通过提高最低频率、增加鸣唱长度和缩短鸣唱的起始音素长度等不同的响应模式调节其鸣唱特征以实现鸣唱的有效传播。本研究采用Avisoft SASLab Pro比较了西宁市3个不同噪音水平下,金翅雀Chloris sinica的鸣唱特征(最高频率、最低频率、频宽、主峰频率、鸣唱时间和起始音素时间)的差异,以探索鸟类对梯度噪音水平的响应模式。结果表明,随着噪音水平的升高,鸣唱的最低频率和最高频率呈现出高-低-高的变化模式,鸣唱时间和起始音素时间呈现出短-长-短的变化模式;高、低噪音组内不同地点的鸣唱主峰频率差异显著(P<0.05)。结合鸣唱地点的植被特征,推测金翅雀在提高鸣唱频率避免被噪音掩蔽和降低频率以利于在林间传播之间可能存在一个权衡,鸣唱频率和鸣唱长度可能存在一定的关联,而主峰频率对噪音外的其他环境因子更敏感。  相似文献   

8.
鸟类鸣唱的功能通常是吸引配偶,对于建立繁殖隔离也是非常重要的。现有的研究认为鸟类鸣唱表演可能受到鸟类喙型变化的影响。达尔文鸣雀是一类用来验证喙型和鸣唱表演关系的模型物种,前人的研究认为较低的元音演奏与更大的喙相关。本文用在Floreana岛屿生活的达尔文小树雀(Camarhynchus parvulus)来验证喙型和元音演奏的关系。结果显示,喙型大小与元音演奏之间无相关性。这个发现与过去对小树雀中的研究结果相似,但却与达尔文鸣雀中更大体型的鸟类研究结果相反。讨论了研究结果在物种的生态分化和生态变异之间的前后关系。  相似文献   

9.
鸟鸣及其鸣唱控制系统发育可塑性研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
鸟类的鸣唱控制系统已成为研究神经系统与学习、行为和发育相关的一个重要模型。鸣禽鸣唱学习行为的神经基础为脊椎动物复杂习得行为的解剖学功能定位提供了一个范例。它也可为我们研究人类语言学习记忆提供借鉴,对近年来在鸟类鸣唱及其呜唱控制系统发育可塑性方面的研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

10.
鸟类鸣唱曲目的大小被认为是雄鸟质量的指标,其与领域维持时间的关系在多个鸟种中进行过检验。从单项研究的结果看,曲目与领域维持时间的关系在种间甚至同一物种的种群间均有较大的差异。为了克服单项研究功效低的缺陷,本文采用Meta分析,检验鸣禽曲目大小与领域维持时间的关系。共收集到10篇文献,涉及大山雀(Parus major)、大苇莺(Acrocephalus arundinaceus)、歌带鹀(Melospiza melodia)和强脚树莺(Horornis fortipes)共12个种群的研究。Meta分析发现,曲目大的个体领域维持时间显著长于曲目小的个体(Cohen′s d效应量为0.60,95%置信区间为0.38~0.82)。通过Meta回归,发现曲目大小与领域维持时间的关联不随繁殖地纬度而变化(斜率为0.00,95%置信区间为﹣0.02~0.02),但在平均曲目大的种群中曲目大小与领域维持时间的关联较弱(斜率为﹣0.14,95%置信区间为﹣0.30~0.03)。本研究可为了解鸟类曲目的功能及其演化提供资料。  相似文献   

11.
鸟类鸣声地理变异的形成机制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鸣声在鸟类的通讯和性选择中具有重要的意义.鸣声地理变异广泛存在于鸟类中,对其研究有助于了解近缘种的分类和演化历史.鸣声地理变异格局的形成是一个复杂的过程,可能是某一因素起主导、多因素协同作用的结果.主要影响因素有奠基者效应、鸣声漂变、遗传差异、性选择、生境等.年际间鸣声的稳定性和种群内鸣声的变异性,是鸣声地理变异研究中应该重视的问题,通过鸣声学习和扩散机制来研究鸣声地理变异,可能是将来本领域的研究热点.  相似文献   

12.
Pratap Singh  Trevor D. Price 《Ibis》2015,157(3):511-527
Aspects of birdsong complexity, such as the number of distinct notes in a song, commonly increase along latitudinal gradients, a pattern for which at least 10 explanations have been suggested. In two Himalayan warblers, songs are more complex in the northwest than in the southeast. In Grey‐hooded Warbler Phylloscopus xanthoschistos, high complexity results from increased note diversity within song types, sung across a higher bandwidth. In Blyth's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus reguloides, high complexity is a consequence of increased variation between song types. The hypothesis with strongest support is that songs evolved to be more complex in species‐poor, demonstrably less noisy environments. We consider geographical variation to be an outcome of sexual selection favouring complexity across environments, where detection of the signal varies. Sexual selection favouring complexity may be resolved in different ways, because complexity has multiple features (repertoire size, song switching, etc.). We argue this has led to the great diversity in song that we have documented among five Phylloscopus species.  相似文献   

13.
Song complexity in many songbirds is a trait subject to sexual selection. It is often associated with male territorial defence. Empirical studies testing differential male responses to rival song in vocally complex songbirds have, however, been scarce. We conducted playback experiments of the endemic New Zealand Tui Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae to test the aggressive response of territorial male Tui to rival songs with differing complexity levels. Overall, complex songs evoked significantly stronger responses from territorial males than did simple songs. Following playback of complex songs, focal males approached the playback more closely and rapidly, and responded with songs of higher complexity than they did to playback of simple songs. This suggests males could both distinguish between different levels of complexity within the Tui repertoire, and perceive a more complex song as a greater territorial threat. Our study is one of the first to demonstrate strong aggressive responses to increased levels of song complexity in a songbird species with highly complex vocalizations.  相似文献   

14.
Extrapair paternity and the evolution of bird song   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Bird song is usually considered to have evolved in the contextof sexual selection. Because extrapair paternity is a majorcomponent of sexual selection, mating advantages at the sociallevel for males that produce songs of high quality may be transformedinto higher success in extrapair paternity. Therefore, maleswith longer and more complex songs should suffer less from extrapairpaternity intraspecifically, whereas species with high ratesof extrapair paternity, reflecting intense sperm competition,should produce more elaborate songs. Although some intraspecificstudies demonstrated a negative link between features of songsand extrapair paternity in own nest, others failed to detectsuch a relationship. Contrary to expectation, a meta-analysisof all studies revealed no significant intraspecific evidencefor songs being associated with extrapair paternity. In addition,in comparative analyses based on generalized least squares (GLS)models, we found that no measures of song complexity and temporaloutput were significantly related to extrapair paternity interspecifically,even when potentially confounding factors such as social matingsystem, life history, migration, habitat, or sexual dichromatismwere held constant. Only plumage dichromatism was significantlyrelated to extrapair paternity. The absence of both intra- andinterspecific relationships between measures of song variabilityand extrapair paternity suggests that factors other than postmatingsexual selection have been the important evolutionary forcesshaping differences in song.  相似文献   

15.
The evolution of immune defense and song complexity in birds   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Abstract There are three main hypotheses that explain how the evolution of parasite virulence could be linked to the evolution of secondary sexual traits, such as bird song. First, as Hamilton and Zuk proposed a role for parasites in sexual selection, female preference for healthy males in heavily parasitized species may result in extravagant trait expression. Second, a reverse causal mechanism may act, if sexual selection affects the coevolutionary dynamics of host-parasite interactions per se by selecting for increased virulence. Third, the immuno-suppressive effects of ornamentation by testosterone or limited resources may lead to increased susceptibility to parasites in species with elaborate songs. Assuming a coevolutionary relationship between parasite virulence and host investment in immune defense we used measures of immune function and song complexity to test these hypotheses in a comparative study of passerine birds. Under the first two hypotheses we predicted avian song complexity to be positively related to immune defense among species, whereas this relationship was expected to be negative if immuno-suppression was at work. We found that adult T-cell mediated immune response and the relative size of the bursa of Fabricius were independently positively correlated with a measure of song complexity, even when potentially confounding variables were held constant. Nestling T-cell response was not related to song complexity, probably reflecting age-dependent selective pressures on host immune defense. Our results are consistent with the hypotheses that predict a positive relationship between song complexity and immune function, thus indicating a role for parasites in sexual selection. Different components of the immune system may have been independently involved in this process.  相似文献   

16.
Although interspecific variation in maternal effects via testosterone levels can be mediated by natural selection, little is known about the evolutionary consequences of egg testosterone for sexual selection. However, two nonexclusive evolutionary hypotheses predict an interspecific relationship between egg testosterone levels and the elaboration of sexual traits. First, maternal investment may be particularly enhanced in sexually selected species, which should generate a positive relationship. Secondly, high prenatal testosterone levels may constrain the development of sexual characters, which should result in a negative relationship. Here we investigated these hypotheses by exploring the relationship between yolk testosterone levels and features of song in a phylogenetic study of 36 passerine species. We found that song duration and syllable repertoire size were significantly negatively related to testosterone levels in the egg, even if potentially confounding factors were held constant. These relationships imply that high testosterone levels during early development of songs may be detrimental, thus supporting the developmental constraints hypothesis. By contrast, we found significant evidence that song-post exposure relative to the height of the vegetation is positively related to egg testosterone levels. These results support the hypothesis that high levels of maternal testosterone have evolved in species with intense sexual selection acting on the location of song-posts. We found nonsignificant effects for intersong interval and song type repertoire size, which may suggest that none of the above hypothesis apply to these traits, or they act simultaneously and have opposing effects.  相似文献   

17.
Bird songs in island populations have often been reported to be simplified, in that island birds have a smaller number of song types and song-element types compared to mainland birds. However, there is less information on the characteristics of acoustic structure in island songs. I investigated song structure of one mainland and three island populations of Japanese bush warblers, Cettia diphone, and found that island songs had an acoustically simple structure. The frequency-modulated (FM) portions of the songs were shorter and had fewer frequency inflections in the insular populations than in the mainland population, while the number of FM notes, the frequency range of these notes, and the song repertoire sizes of males did not differ between the islands and the mainland. I also investigated whether the song complexity is related to sexual selection pressure using the degree of sexual size dimorphism as a proxy for the latter. The degree of dimorphism in body mass was larger on the mainland. Thus, weakened sexual selection on islands is a possible factor in the formation of simple songs. Further studies related to male–male competition and female choice on islands are required.  相似文献   

18.
Among songbirds, growing evidence suggests that acoustic adaptation of song traits occurs in response to habitat features. Despite extensive study, most research supporting acoustic adaptation has only considered acoustic traits averaged for species or populations, overlooking intraindividual variation of song traits, which may facilitate effective communication in heterogeneous and variable environments. Fewer studies have explicitly incorporated sexual selection, which, if strong, may favour variation across environments. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of acoustic adaptation among 44 species of songbirds by determining how environmental variability and sexual selection intensity are associated with song variability (intraindividual and intraspecific) and short-term song complexity. We show that variability in precipitation can explain short-term song complexity among taxonomically diverse songbirds, and that precipitation seasonality and the intensity of sexual selection are related to intraindividual song variation. Our results link song complexity to environmental variability, something previously found for mockingbirds (Family Mimidae). Perhaps more importantly, our results illustrate that individual variation in song traits may be shaped by both environmental variability and strength of sexual selection.  相似文献   

19.
Bird song is hypothesized to be a reliable indicator of cognition because it depends on brain structure and function. Song features have been found to correlate positively with measures of cognition, but the relationship between song and cognition is complicated because not all cognitive abilities are themselves positively correlated. If cognition is not a unitary trait, developmental constraints on brain growth could generate trade-offs between some aspects of cognition and song. To further clarify the relationship between song and cognition in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), we examined repertoire size and performance on a spatial task. We found an inverse relationship between repertoire size and speed of spatial learning and suggest that a developmental trade-off between the hippocampus and song control nuclei could be responsible for this relationship. By attending to male song, females may learn about a suite of cognitive abilities; this study suggests that females may glean information about a male''s cognitive weaknesses as well as his strengths.  相似文献   

20.
Birdsong is a complex cultural and biological system, and the selective forces driving evolutionary changes in aspects of song learning vary considerably among species. The extent to which repertoire size, the number of syllables or song types sung by a bird, is subject to sexual selection is unknown, and studies to date have provided inconsistent evidence. Here, we propose that selection pressure on the size and complexity of birdsong repertoires may facilitate the construction of a niche in which learning, sexual selection, and song-based homophily may co-evolve. We show, using a review of the birdsong literature and mathematical modeling, that learning mode (open-ended or closed-ended learning) is correlated with the size of birdsong repertoires. Underpinning this correlation may be a form of cultural niche construction in which a costly biological trait (for example, open-ended learning) can spread in a population (or be lost) as a result of direct selection on an associated cultural trait (for example, song repertoire size).  相似文献   

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