陕北黄土区自然恢复植物群落优势种种间关系研究

从优势种种间关系入手,探索陕北黄土区自然恢复植物群落机理为近自然造林植物配置提供理论依据。基于2×2列联表,采用W检验、X~2检验、联结系数AC及共同出现百分率PC方法,对陕北自然恢复15年的植物群落优势种种间关系进行分析研究。该植物群落总体联结性VR(方差比率)1,统计量WX_(0.05)~2(N),说明该植物群落总体种间表现出正关联,且达到显著水平。20个优势种种间联结性的分析结果表明,正关联种对的数量(114)多于负关联种对(75),无关联种对为1,且联结程度呈极显著和显著的种对数所占比例较小;种对间的正负关联性一定程度上反映了植物之间生态位的重叠和分离。陕北黄土区植被自然恢复15年,大多数植物种的分布较为独立,群落仍处于演替之中。     

历山自然保护区猪尾沟森林群落树种种间关系及环境解释

采用 2× 2列联表的Fisher精确检验、Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验研究山西省历山自然保护区猪尾沟森林群落树种种间关系。结果表明 :1 )秩相关检验的正负相关种对数均高于相关系数检验的种对数 ,说明秩相关系数比相关系数灵敏度要高。 2 )物种之间正相关 ,主要是由于它们对生境具有相似的生态适应性 ,而物种之间负相关 ,则主要是由于它们对生境具有不同的生态适应性 ,种间关系的环境解释很好地验证了这一点。3)依据测定结果 ,将该区乔木层树种划分为 4个生态种组 ,生态种组的划分为进一步研究群落的结构、功能、动态、演替提供了重要的理论依据     

四川黄龙沟森林植被中兰科植物群落优势种种间联结和相关分析

四川黄龙沟内分布着十分丰富的兰科植物(19属30余种),并且部分种类在沟内形成优势群落。目前尚不清楚在群落中这些兰科植物种之间作用关系。运用种间关联分析和相关分析对黄龙沟森林植被兰科植物群落中的24个优势种的种间关系进行了研究。两种分析方法得到的结果相近,表明黄龙沟优势兰科植物可以分为两组。一组包括无苞杓兰(Cypripedium bardolphianum)、黄花杓兰(C. flavum)、二叶红门兰(Orchis diantha)、广布红门兰(Orchis chusua)、少花虾脊兰(Calanthe delavayi)和西藏杓兰(C. tibeticum),主要分布在光线充足但又具有一定遮荫条件的环境中;另一组包括筒距兰(Tipularia szechuanica)、沼兰(Malaxis monophyllos)、珊瑚兰(Corallorhiza trifida)、小斑叶兰(Goodyera repens)、布袋兰(Calypso bulbosa)、小花舌唇兰(Platanthera minutiflora)和小叶对叶兰(Listera smithii),它们主要分布于荫蔽的环境中。这些兰科植物在组内大多呈现显著的正相关关系,组间大多呈现显著的负相关关系,说明黄龙沟兰科植物在资源利用方式上可能产生了分化。     

崇明东滩南部河口盐沼植物群落种间关系的数量分析

对崇明东滩南部盐沼植物群落样方进行调查,基于现有17种高等植物,特别是8种常见植物的2×2联列表和植被盖度值,利用方差比率法、χ²检验以及Spearman秩相关分析对物种关联性和相关性进行分析.结果表明: 方差比率(VR=0.61)的检验统计量W=48.61,落在 χ² 2个临界值区间之外,因此该区域盐沼植物群落内植物整体关联度表现为显著负相关;依据各优势植物对环境的适应方式和生境的主导因素,参考Spearman秩相关分析的结果,将它们划分为4个生态种组: 芦苇、糙叶苔草-藨草-水莎草、互花米草-海三棱藨草、白茅-稗草.崇明东滩南部盐沼植物群落种间关系复杂,群落表现极不稳定,植物对于环境影响较为敏感.在明确物种之间关系的基础上,针对海三棱藨草的分布现状提出了相应种群的保护措施和建议.     

天龙山木本群落种间关系的研究

采用χ^2检验方法和相关分析等方法对山西天龙山木本植物群落进行了种间关系分析．结果表明木本植物群落的种间关系以正相关为主,但是负关联的比重也较大,而且还有一定的独立格局存在,表明物种间的关系不大稳定,群落正处于发展演替之中,同时也表明物种对环境资源的竞争并不激烈,物种资源比较丰富。     

高寒草原植物群落种间关系的数量分析

为了探明新疆巴音布鲁克高寒草原植物群落的物种组成和种间关系,在对其草原群落进行样方调查的基础上,利用方差比率法,χ2检验以及种间关联度指数对物种关联性和相关性进行了分析。结果表明:1)巴音布鲁克高寒草原植物群落高等植物分属16科,26属,36种;主要有14个常见植物种;2)用来检验方差比率(VR)偏离1是否显著的统计量W=61.52,说明该草原群落内物种整体关联度表现为不显著相关;表征种间关联程度的Ochiai指数(OI值),与联结系数AC值基本吻合;3)伴生种或杂类草与其它物种之间联结显著,正向或负向,在群落中表现出很强的依赖性,分布易受其它物种的影响,在群落中不能稳定存在且只占据劣势生态位;4)根据14个优势种群对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素,可将它们划分为3个生态种组,同一生态种组内,各种间具有较强的正联结,而不同组间联结较为松散,主要是由于他们具有不同的生物学特性,对生境具有不同的生态适应性和相互分离的生态位所致;5)对退化草地的恢复提出了建议。     

金钱松群落优势种群种间联结及群落稳定性研究

种间联结反映了植物群落中的种间关系和群落稳定程度, 对群落恢复和目标物种的保护具有重要意义。为了解金钱松群落的种间关系及群落稳定性, 采用方差比率法(VR)、x2检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)、Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数以及M. Godron稳定性测定等数量分析方法, 对浙江长兴金钱松群落中的18个优势种群、153个种对的种间相关性及群落稳定性进行分析。结果表明: 金钱松群落内的18个优势种群总体联结性呈不显著的正联结, 植物种类累积倒数百分比与累积相对频度交点坐标为(40, 60), 远离稳定交点坐标(20, 80), 说明群落处于不稳定状态。卡方检验表明绝大多数种对之间的联结性均不显著, 只有2个种对存在显著关联。联结系数和共同出现百分率也表明, 群落各种对相关性较弱, 各物种间呈独立分布格局。Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验发现, 金钱松与水竹之间呈显著负相关。结论: 金钱松群落种间关联性弱, 群落处于不稳定阶段。为保护和促进金钱松种群的恢复, 应进行适当的人为干扰和限制竹类植物在群落中的生长。     

长湖浮游植物优势种生态位特征及种间联结性分析

为了解生态调控后的浮游植物群落稳定性和优势种种间联结性,于2020年10月—2021年7月按季节对湖北长湖浮游植物群落进行调查。运用生态位宽度、生态位重叠值、方差比率法、卡方检验、Pearson相关性检验和Spearman相关性检验的方法对浮游植物优势种间的相互关系进行综合分析。结果显示：四季共鉴定出浮游植物8门、67属、78种;优势种19种。长湖属于绿藻+蓝藻+硅藻为主的水体。其中,梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)和四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)为四季共有优势种,对水环境有较好的指示作用,显示长湖水体处于中度富营养化状态。根据优势度和生态位宽度的结果,19个优势种可以划分为4个类群。生态位重叠值的变化范围为0.02—0.96,季节差异明显,秋季>冬季>春季>夏季。方差比率的结果显示秋季和冬季浮游植物优势种间总体呈现显著正联结,群落较稳定;春夏季节优势种间总体呈现不显著负联结,群落处于波动状态。卡方检验、Pearson相关性检验和Spearman相关性检验结果综合显示：优势种对间联结性的显著率较低,群落种间联结不...     

芦芽山植物群落种间关系的研究

通过采用 2× 2列联表的 Fisher精确检验、Pearson相关分析和 Sperman秩相关分析等方法对芦芽山植物群落的种间关系进行了分析。结果表明 ,研究物种关联程度大小时 ,Sperman检验的灵敏性要高于 Pearson相关 ,使用 Sperman秩相关分析得出的结果较好 ,分层对种间关联性进行的研究发现 ,极显著相关和显著相关种对多发生于各层的优势种及次优势种间 ,并依层次不同而不同 ,其中草本层极显著相关种对最多 ,灌木层次之 ,乔木层最少     

黄河源区退化高寒草地植物种间联结性分析

应用方差检验和2×2列联表方法,对青藏高原黄河源区轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化的高寒草地植物群落物种的种间联结性进行了定量分析.结果表明:黄河源区高寒草地退化明显影响到其植物群落物种间的联结性和关联程度;随着草地退化程度的加剧,群落中主要优势物种的总体种间联结性由显著负相关过渡到无关联,具有相同生活型和水分生态类型的物种则由互生转为竞争的关系;以毒杂草为优势的重度退化高寒草地黑土滩"植物群落的物种间关系随机性较大,物种构成不稳定,它属于一种不稳定的次生植被.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.