小青龙汤对小鼠支气管哮喘模型气道炎症及细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨中药方剂小青龙汤对小鼠哮喘模型气道炎症及细胞因子的影响。方法:40只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、哮喘模型组(B组)、小青龙汤低剂量组(C组)和小青龙汤高剂量组(D组)。B、C、D组采用卵蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射致敏与雾化吸入激发制作哮喘模型。于OVA激发结束后24h收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)计数炎性细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)数目,并测定BALF上清液中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平变化。结果:小青龙汤的干预治疗能显著降低小鼠BALF中炎性细胞总数及EOS数量;BALF上清液中IFN-γ水平明显升高,IL-4水平显著下降。D、C组与A组、B组有显著性差异(P<0.05),C组与D组结果亦存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:小青龙汤能明显降低哮喘小鼠BALF中炎性细胞数量,影响细胞因子水平变化,从而改善哮喘气道炎症。     

补肾清肺方对小鼠支气管哮喘模型的影响

目的:探讨中药复方补肾清肺方对小鼠哮喘模型气道炎症及细胞因子的影响。方法:40只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、哮喘模型组(B组)、补肾清肺方低剂量组(C组)和补肾清肺方高剂量组(D组)。B、C、D组采用卵蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射致敏与雾化吸入激发制作哮喘模型。于OVA激发结束后24h收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)计数炎性细胞总数及嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)数目,并测定BALF上清液中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平变化。结果:补肾清肺方的干预治疗能显著降低小鼠BALF中炎性细胞总数及EOS数量;BALF上清液中IFN-γ水平明显升高,IL-4水平显著下降。D、C组与A组、B组有显著性差异(P<0.05),C组与D组结果亦存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:补肾清肺方能明显降低哮喘小鼠BALF中炎性细胞数量,影响细胞因子水平变化,从而改善哮喘气道炎症。     

平喘固本合剂对昆系小鼠急性哮喘模型气道炎症作用影响

目的:探讨平喘固本合剂对昆系小鼠急性哮喘模型气道炎症作用影响及相关机制。方法:昆明系小鼠40只,随机分为对照组(A),哮喘模型组(B),喘固本合剂治疗组(C),布地奈德雾化治疗组(D)及平喘固本合剂联合布地奈德雾化治疗组(E)。用鸡卵蛋白(OVA)致敏建立昆系小鼠哮喘急性气道炎症模型,并给与药物治疗10天。对各组支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中各种细胞进行分类并计数,观察肺组织的病理变化,同时应用ELISA法测定灌洗液中炎症相关因子的水平变化。结果:与B组比较,C组、D组、E组BALF中细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞数、巨噬细胞数及IL-4、IL-4/IFN-γ明显降低(P<0.05),IFN-γ明显升高(P<0.05)。对于IL-4、IL-4/IFN-γ水平的比较C组与D组无明显统计学差异,E组与两者具有明显统计学意义(P<0.05)。HE染色显示C组、D组、E组较单纯模型组炎症细胞浸润,平滑肌肥厚及黏膜肺组织水肿等炎症表现明显减轻。结论:平喘固本合剂对哮喘昆系小鼠气道炎症有明显的抑制作用,其作用机制可能与抑制IL-4的表达、炎性细胞聚积及促进IFN-γ的表达有关,并且可能与糖皮质激素有一定协同作用。     

尘螨变应原Der f1植物表达产物诱导哮喘小鼠免疫耐受的研究

目的:采用尘螨变应原组分Der f1植物表达产物免疫治疗哮喘小鼠,了解其诱导哮喘小鼠免疫耐受的效果及机制.方法:将BALB/c小鼠分为正常组、哮喘组和治疗组,治疗组在致敏后分别给予尘螨变应原Der f1原核表达产物(rDE)和烟草叶片中的表达产物(rDP)免疫治疗,处死小鼠,取支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)、血清和肺组织,分别进行细胞学、螨特异性抗体、细胞因子和组织病理学检查,观察这些指标的变化.结果:哮喘组和治疗组BALF中细胞总数明显增多,中性和嗜酸性粒细胞超过50%;rDE和rDP治疗后,小鼠BALF中细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞减少;哮喘组和治疗组小鼠螨特异性IgE、IgG和IL-4水平升高,IFN-γ水平下降(P<0.01);rDE和rDP治疗后,IgE、IgG和IL-4水平下降,IFN-γ水平上升(P<0.01-0.05),以rDP疗效更好;哮喘组小鼠支气管、细支气管和小血管周围可见明显炎性细胞浸润,rDE和rDP治疗后,炎症减轻,以rDP改变更为明显.结论:尘螨变应原Der f1植物表述产物较原核表达产物能更有效地减轻螨性哮喘小鼠的气道炎症,诱导免疫耐受形成.     

卡介苗干预对哮喘小鼠肺组织IL-17A表达的影响及可能机制研究

目的:观察卡介苗干预对哮喘小鼠肺组织IL-17A的表达、气道炎症的影响,并探讨可能机制.方法:按随机数字表法,24只昆明小鼠分为正常对照(A组),模型组(B组),卡介苗(BCG)干预组(C组).C组小鼠每周一次皮内注射BCG 0.025 mg,连续3次.首次皮内注射4周后,第1、8、15天每只小鼠分别给予鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)与氢氧化铝混合腹腔注射,第22天给予1％ OVA溶液雾化吸入激发.激发后收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)行细胞总数及分类计数.肺组织HE染色行支气管粘膜下炎症评分.酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测肺组织匀浆中的IL-17A和IFN-γ水平.结果:与正常对照组比较,BCG干预小鼠BALF中白细胞总数及中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞数均高于显著增高,低于模型组小鼠.BCG处理小鼠支气管粘膜下炎性细胞浸润程度较模型组小鼠明显降低(P＜0.01),比A组明显(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,模型组和BCG组小鼠肺组织匀浆中的IFN-γ显著相抵,在模型组小鼠更明显,IL-17A浓度增高,在模型组小鼠更明显(P＜0.05).结论:BCG干预可抑制气道炎症,可能通过上调Th1型免疫反应增加IFN-γ浓度、减少IL-17A在哮喘小鼠肺组织中表达,减少中性粒细胞的募集活化.     

杨树花粉致敏豚鼠过敏模型的建立

目的建立杨树花粉粗提物致敏激发的豚鼠过敏模型。方法 36只豚鼠随机分为正常组、卵清蛋白(OVA)阳性对照组和模型组,每隔5天经腹腔注射致敏1次,共3次,末次致敏后第5天雾化吸入激发。瑞氏染色观察支气管肺泡灌洗液(BAIF)中炎症细胞变化,电脑视频计数200个细胞中嗜酸性粒细胞数目;常规病理切片HE染色观察鼻黏膜、与肺的炎症情况;免疫组化法检测肺组织中IL-4及IFN-γ阳性细胞平均光密度值;酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中的总IgE、HIS、LTB4、IL-4及IFN-γ水平。结果与正常组比较,OVA对照组、模型组均可诱导鼻黏膜及肺组织出现明显的变应性炎症;BALF涂片显示明显的炎症细胞(嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞)增多;肺组织中IL-4阳性细胞平均光密度值均高于正常组,IFN-γ阳性细胞平均光密度值均低于正常组;血清中总IgE、HIS、LTB4、IL-4均高于正常组;血清中IFN-γ则显著低于正常组。结论杨树花粉粗提物能够成功建立豚鼠过敏模型。该模型的建立有利于过敏性疾病机制的研究。     

小鼠哮喘发作过程中相关炎症因子的动态变化

目的:研究实验性哮喘小鼠模型在诱导哮喘发作不同时间点外周血中细胞因子IL-13、Eotaxin、MCP-1和TNF-α以及肺部浸润的炎症细胞数量变化。方法:将25只健康6-8周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分成模型组和对照组。利用卵清蛋白(OVA)诱导建立小鼠哮喘模型,模型组(Asthma)小鼠于第0、7天经腹腔注射卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏小鼠。第14-20天连续7天用1%OVA雾化激发小鼠哮喘发作,每次20 min,观察临床症状。正常对照组(Control)小鼠以0.9%NaCL代替0VA进行腹腔注射和雾化吸入。比较两组小鼠肺组织病理切片HE染色结果、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中炎性细胞分类计数及细胞因子IL-13、Eotaxin、MCP-1和TNF-α的浓度变化。结果:模型组小鼠BALF中IL-13的水平在试验早期(致敏2天)即开始上升达68.9±4.34,此时Eotaxin和MCP-1未见明显升高;致敏7天时IL-13、Eotaxin和MCP-1均明显高于对照组,分别为88.3±3.39、67.4±4.24和38.9±3.1;激发1天组小鼠BALF中IL-13、Eotaxin和MCP-1浓度持续增高至最后一次激发后1天;而TNF-α在激发1天时出现明显升高达136.9±11.9,持续到最后一次激发后1天;从激发1天肺泡灌洗液染色显微镜下观察明以淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润为主。肺组织HE染色显示哮喘组小鼠气道上皮有不同程度脱落,支气管平滑肌显著增厚,血管周围水肿,炎性细胞浸润。结论:在哮喘发生过程中,IL-13水平在致敏初期即开始升高,随着继续给予OVA,Eotaxin和MCP-1水平呈现显著增高;并伴随越来越多炎症细胞在肺部浸润,TNF-α水平出现缓慢增高,进而加重哮喘发作。     

口服柔嫩梭菌对OVA致敏小鼠气道炎症的影响

目的 在动物水平探索口服柔嫩梭菌(Clostridium leptum)对哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响.方法 建立OVA致敏的BALB/c小鼠哮喘模型,依据检测气道炎症情况和气道反应性确定哮喘模型构建成功.30只BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组,安慰剂组和口服柔嫩梭菌治疗组,每组10只.通过HE染色检测小鼠肺组织病理变化,细胞计数检测肺泡灌洗液中炎性细胞(嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞)的数目,ELISA方法检测肺泡灌洗液中炎性因子(IL4、IL-5、IL-13)的表达情况,并检测各组小鼠的气道反应性.结果 验证OVA致敏哮喘小鼠模型构建成功;口服柔嫩梭菌可显著减轻OVA致敏小鼠的气道高反应性,气道炎症细胞浸润和炎性细胞因子分泌(P＜0.05).结论 口服柔嫩梭菌可显著减轻OVA致敏小鼠的气道炎症和气道高反应性,这可能为哮喘治疗提供新思路.     

降气化痰推拿法对慢性哮喘幼鼠气道重塑及血清NO水平的影响

摘要 目的：探究降气化痰推拿法对慢性哮喘幼鼠的治疗效果,为优化临床中小儿慢性哮喘治疗方案积累理论基础。方法：选取40只SPF级3周SD雌性小鼠,随机数字表法为对照组、模型组、药物组和推拿组,每组各10只。模型组、药物组和推拿制备慢性哮喘模型后,药物组使用地塞米松治疗,对照组注射等量生理盐水,推拿组在药物组基础上加入降气化痰推拿手法治疗,模型组不进行干预。比较各组幼鼠肺组织HE染色结果、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中炎性细胞水平和Th17/Treg细胞比例,并检测肺组织中Treg与Th17相关基因表达量。结果：与模型组比较,药物组和推拿组的支气管周围组织的炎性浸润较轻,肺泡壁及支气管壁的结构较为完整,气道可见少量杯状细胞增生,气道壁总厚度和气道平滑肌厚度增加较少,且推拿组大鼠的组织炎性浸润程度、气道壁总厚度和气道平滑肌厚度均低于药物组（P<0.05）;炎性细胞水平方面,对照组幼鼠的BALF细胞总数较低,白细胞分类中单核细胞数最多。模型组幼鼠的BALF中细胞总数明显增高,且白细胞分类中以中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞为主,白细胞总数和嗜酸性细胞总数明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,药物组和推拿组的细胞总数及中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的比例明显较低,但仍明显高于对照组,且药物治疗组高于推拿组（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,其余各组幼鼠的BALF中Th17比例明显增高,Treg比例降低,Th17/Treg比值增高（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,药物组和推拿组的Th17比例、Th17/Treg降低,且推拿组低于药物组,Treg比例升高,且推拿组高于药物组（P<0.05）;与对照组对比,其余各组幼鼠的IL-6、IL-10、IL-23、TGF-β mRNA表达水平均升高,与模型组相比,药物组与推拿组幼鼠表达水平均有所降低,且推拿组低于药物组（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,其余各组幼鼠的NO、IgE水平升高,与模型组相比,药物组和推拿组的NO、IgE水平降低,且推拿组低于药物组（P＜0.05）。结论：降气化痰推拿法可通过调节Th17/Treg比例及相关炎性因子基因表达和白细胞类型,调控血清NO、IgE水平和炎性反应水平,进而改善气道重塑,发挥治疗作用。     

HDAC8抑制剂PCI-34051对慢性支气管哮喘小鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶8抑制剂PCI-34051对慢性哮喘小鼠气道炎症、气道重塑和气道高反应的治疗作用。方法 BALB/C小鼠分为正常组、哮喘组、地塞米松组和PCI-34051组。测定气道阻力,BALF细胞计数和分类计数,ELISA检测IL-4、IL-5、TGF-β1和IFN-γ。HE染色观察气道炎症,AB-PAS和Masson染色测定气道重塑。Western blot测定α-SMA和TGF-β1表达。结果与哮喘组比,地塞米松组和PCI-34051组气道阻力降低,BALF中炎性细胞总数和嗜酸性粒细胞减少,IL-4、IL-5、TGF-β1表达下降。地塞米松组和PCI-34051组HE染色气道周围炎症减轻,气道平滑肌增厚减弱;AB-PAS染色杯状细胞化生减轻;Masson染色面积减少。Western blot发现地塞米松组和PCI-34051组TGF-β1表达下降,但α-SMA降低不明显。结论 PCI-34051能够缓解慢性哮喘气道炎症、气道高反应和气道重塑。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.