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1.
水杨酸与植物抗非生物胁迫   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
李国婧  周燮 《植物学报》2001,18(3):295-302
本文综述了水杨酸在诱导植物抗(耐)非生物胁迫如重金属、臭氧、紫外辐射、过冷、热激、水分亏缺和盐胁迫等方面的进展,并探讨了水杨酸作用的分子、生理机制。  相似文献   

2.
水杨酸与植物抗非生物胁迫   总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45  
李国婧  周燮 《植物学通报》2001,18(3):295-302
本文综述了水杨酸在诱导植物抗(耐)非生物胁迫如重金属、自氧、紫外辐射、过冷、热激、水分亏缺和盐胁迫等方面的进展,并探讨了水杨酸作用的分子、生理机制。  相似文献   

3.
水杨酸对非生物胁迫下植物抗氧化能力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水杨酸(SA)在植物体内具有重要生理作用,除了参与抵抗生物胁迫信号转导外,还参与植物响应非生物胁迫。外源SA在植物应对盐碱、重金属、高低温和干旱等胁迫过程中发挥关键作用。综述了SA调控的抗氧化系统对植物响应非生物胁迫的影响,重点讨论了SA对抗氧化酶和非酶物质的诱导作用。  相似文献   

4.
水杨酸被广泛地用于植物抗病研究,人们发现水杨酸及其类似物往往诱导植物产生抗盐生理性状,认为水杨酸可能与植物抗盐性有关[1~7];盐分胁迫条件下植物生长降低、代谢受到抑制的原因之一是由于盐分胁迫导致植物能量代谢失衡[8],ATP作为植物维持生命活动最重...  相似文献   

5.
水杨酸与植物抗逆性的关系   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
谢玉英 《生物学杂志》2007,24(4):12-15,20
水杨酸(SA)是植物体内的一种新型激素,它不仅能调节植物的一些生长发育过程,还在植物抗生物胁迫和非生物胁迫中发挥着重要作用。重金属、热、盐等逆境能诱导植物体内SA的合成,缓解逆境对植物造成的伤害,增强植物的抗逆性能力。  相似文献   

6.
非生物胁迫下植物表观遗传变异的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
植物在整个生命过程中固着生长,不能主动躲避外界不良环境的危害,需要通过自身的防御机制来抵御和适应外界胁迫,而表观遗传修饰在调控植物应对不良环境胁迫中起重要作用。该文从DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑和非编码RNA等方面进行了综述,主要阐述了近年来国内外有关非生物胁迫下植物的表观遗传变化,以期为利用表观遗传变异提高植物的抗胁迫能力提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
NO在植物生长发育和环境胁迫响应中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
一氧化氮(NO)是具有生物活性和信号转导作用的气体活性分子,它不仅对植物的许多生命活动如种子萌发、生长和衰老等具有直接的生理调节功能,而且作为防御反应中的关键信使,参与了植物对外界环境胁迫的响应,如干旱胁迫、热胁迫、盐胁迫、UV-B辐射、臭氧胁迫、重金属胁迫、机械损伤以及植物抗病反应.NO与各种激素如乙烯、脱落酸、水杨酸、生长素和细胞分裂素等,在调节植物的生理活动与信号转导方面有明显的协同作用,通过激素起作用可能是植物内源NO作用的机理之一.探明在正常生长状况下植物内源NO对植物生长发育的调控机制及其参与信号转导的生理机制是目前研究的重点.  相似文献   

8.
水杨酸对植物光合作用影响的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
水杨酸作为一种信号分子,对植物呼吸代谢、种子萌发、成花诱导、衰老及抗逆等生理过程都有调节作用,近年来有关水杨酸对植物光合作用影响的研究取得了很大进展。水杨酸能够调节植物叶片气孔运动、光合色素含量、光合机构性能、光合碳同化酶活性等各方面,其效果因浓度、植物种类、环境条件等不同而表现出差异。该文就近年来国内外有关水杨酸对植物光合作用的影响(主要从植物叶片气孔运动、光合色素含量、光合机构性能和光合碳同化酶活性等方面)研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

9.
水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
水杨酸是一种重要的能激活植物抗病防卫反应的内源信号分子。本文首先介绍了水杨酸的基本性质及水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用,然后从水杨酸与水杨酸结合蛋白的相互作用以及水杨酸介导的信号传导途径与非水杨酸介导的信号途径等方面初步探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的作用机制,最后总结了研究水杨酸作用机制对植物抗性生理和抗性分子生物学发展的意义。  相似文献   

10.
水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用   总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30  
水杨酸是一种重要的能激活植物抗病防卫反应的内源信号分子,本文首先介绍了水杨酸的基本性质及水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用,然后从水杨酸与水杨酸结合蛋白的相互作用以及水杨酸介导的信号传导途径与非水杨酸介导的信号途径等方面初步探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的作用机制,最后总结了研究水杨酸作用机制对植物抗性生理和抗性分子生物学发展的意义。  相似文献   

11.
Plants often face the challenge of severe environmental conditions, which include various biotic and abiotic stresses that exert adverse effects on plant growth and development. During evolution, plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various environmental stressors. One of the consequences of stress is an increase in the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are subsequently converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Even under normal conditions, higher plants produce ROS during metabolic processes. Excess concentrations of ROS result in oxidative damage to or the apoptotic death of cells. Development of an antioxidant defense system in plants protects them against oxidative stress damage. These ROS and, more particularly, H2O2, play versatile roles in normal plant physiological processes and in resistance to stresses. Recently, H2O2 has been regarded as a signaling molecule and regulator of the expression of some genes in cells. This review describes various aspects of H2O2 function, generation and scavenging, gene regulation and cross-links with other physiological molecules during plant growth, development and resistance responses.  相似文献   

12.
We investigate changes in resistance to desiccation and starvation during adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to laboratory culture. We test the hypothesis that resistance to environmental stresses is lost under laboratory adaptation. For both traits, there was a rapid loss of resistance over a three-year period. The rapidity of the response suggested that mutation accumulation could not account for it. Rather, resistance to environmental stresses appeared to be lost as a correlated response to selection on another trait, such as early fertility, with which stress resistance is negatively genetically correlated. These results suggest that caution is needed when extrapolating from evolution of stress resistance in long-established laboratory stocks to patterns of responses and correlated responses in natural populations.  相似文献   

13.
14.
The relationship between alkaline adaptation and the resistance against environmental stresses was examined in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Alkali-adapted cells were found to have increased resistance against various stresses, including heat, crystal violet, deoxycholic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. However, alkali-adapted cells showed no increased resistance against acid stress and heat-adapted cells did not show increased resistance against alkaline stress. Furthermore, alkaline treatment induced cell elongation with heterogenous size of the bacterium.  相似文献   

15.
The relationship between alkaline adaptation and the resistance against environmental stresses was examined in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Alkali-adapted cells were found to have increased resistance against various stresses, including heat, crystal violet, deoxycholic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. However, alkali-adapted cells showed no increased resistance against acid stress and heat-adapted cells did not show increased resistance against alkaline stress. Furthermore, alkaline treatment induced cell elongation with heterogenous size of the bacterium.  相似文献   

16.
17.
The relationship of acid adaptation to the resistance of other environmental stresses was examined in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Acid-adapted cells were found to have increased resistance to various stresses, including heat, crystal violet, bile, and deoxy cholic acid. However, heat-adapted cells showed no increased resistance against acid stress. Adaptation required protein synthesis, since treatment with chloramphenicol during adaptation to pH 5.3 prevented the development of acid resistance. Acid-adapted cells showed an increased amount of outer membrane protein with an apparent molecular weight of 27,000. These results show that acid-induced cross-protection involved changes in outer membrane protein composition and the known enhancement of intracellular pH homeostasis.  相似文献   

18.
硫胺素在植物应对环境胁迫刺激及植物免疫方面发挥的作用越来越受到人们的关注。本文主要研究了硫胺素对线粒体氧化还原状态的调节作用。研究发现硫胺素可以提高线粒体的氧化状态,这一效应具有浓度依赖性,当硫胺素浓度高于1mmol/L时较为明显。此外,硫胺素还可增强植物细胞线粒体丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDH)的活性。并且在应对铝、镉胁迫时,硫胺素预处理组能较快促进活性氧的进发。线粒体氧化状态的提高对细胞应对胁迫因子刺激,较快释放活性氧从而激活下游信号具有重要意义。  相似文献   

19.
Abiotic and biotic stresses are the major factors that negatively impact plant growth. In response to abiotic environmental stresses such as drought, plants generate resistance responses through abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction. In addition to the major role of ABA in abiotic stress signaling, ABA signaling was reported to downregulate biotic stress signaling. Conversely recent findings provide evidence that initial activation of plant immune signaling inhibits subsequent ABA signal transduction. Stimulation of effector-triggered disease response can interfere with ABA signal transduction via modulation of internal calcium-dependent signaling pathways. This review overviews the interactions of abiotic and biotic stress signal transduction and the mechanism through which stress surveillance system operates to generate the most efficient resistant traits against various stress condition.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this mini-review is to relate membrane physical properties to the adaptation and resistance of microorganisms to environmental stresses. In the first part, the effects of various stresses on the structure and dynamic properties of phospholipid and biological membranes are presented. The compensation of these effects, i.e., change in membrane fluidity, phase transitions, by the active cellular control of the membrane chemical composition, is then described. In this natural process, the change in membrane fluidity is viewed as the detecting "input" signal that initiates the regulation, activating proteic effectors that in turn may influence the chemical composition of the membrane (feedback). This adaptation system allows the maintenance of the physical characteristics of membranes and, thereby, of their functionality. When environmental stresses are extreme and occur abruptly, the regulation process may not compensate for the changes in the membrane physical characteristics. In such cases, important variations in the membrane fluidity and structure may induce cellular damages and cell death. However, the lethal consequences are not systematically observed because protective effects of changes in the membrane physical state on the resistance to stresses are also reported.  相似文献   

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