保安湖沙塘鳢的食性、繁殖、年龄及生长的研究

保安湖沙塘鳢１冬龄成熟,雌雄比１：１．３４,４月初至６月中旬繁殖;个体绝对繁殖力５４０—１９４３ｅｇｇ（１１５４±３１４ｅｇｇ）。渔获物中以体长８．０—１４．０ｃｍ,体重１０．０—４０．０ｇ,２、３龄个体为主。体长－体重关系为Ｗ＝０．０２１２９Ｌ３.０５８５。３龄前生长较快;雄鱼略快于雌鱼。肥满度冬春季较高,最高在３月。体长和体重与年龄的关系可用Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ生长方程描述,参数分别为：雌鱼Ｌ∞=１５．２９ｃｍ,ｋ＝０．４０７２,ｔ０＝０．１５９６,Ｗ∞＝８４．９ｇ;雄鱼Ｌ∞＝１６．７１ｃｍ,ｋ＝０．３７３６,ｔ０＝０．１０９５,Ｗ∞＝１１８．５ｇ;体重生长拐点年龄和拐点体重雌鱼分别为２．８６ａ和２５.１ｇ,雄鱼３．１３ａ和３５．４ｇ。     

生活周期毒性试验动物─—方形网纹溞的生物学

在实验室条件下研究方形网纹的生物学。试验时水温２５±１℃,饲以斜生栅藻。初生幼体平均体长０．４０ｍｍ,第１成龄０．９６ｍｍ,最大体长可达１．４５ｍｍ,体长增长（１＿ｔ,单位ｍｍ）与年龄（ｔ,ｄ）的关系可以表达为１＿ｔ＝１．４３－ｅ￣（－０．２６８ｔ）,平均寿命２２．７３（１７．１０－２５．００）ｄ,其中包括３个幼龄和１３个成龄。在３．９１ｄ达到性成熟。７ｄ内生殖３胎,产仔４０（１９－４７）个。一生生殖２２２．０个幼体,平均每胎１８．５（４．８－２３．６）个。生殖量最大出现在第６成龄。这时的年龄１１．０５ｄ,体长１３７５ｍｍ。从初始１０个个体的种群计算,种群生长曲线呈Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ型,可以如下表达式中ｙ表示总个体数,ｔ表示时间（ｄ）。内禀增长能力（ｒ＿ｍ）为０．５４０／个／ｄ,净增殖率（Ｒ＿ｏ）１４７．３６０／世代,世代平均周期（Ｔ）９．２４６ｄ,周限速率（λ）１．７１６／个／ｄ。     

福建东山岛海域斑鰶生态的研究

本文研究了福建东山岛附近海域斑生物量、密度的分布及其季节变化;生长和死亡特点;摄食和生殖习性。其平均月生物量为２２２．１ｋｇ／ｋｍ２,占游泳生物月总生物量的２７．２２％,成为优势种;生物量和密度冬季最高,分别为５２４．９ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和９３３２尾／ｋｍ２,比最低的春季高２２．７７倍和８６．２１倍。分布区域性差异明显,东山湾内高达４３８．２ｋｇ／ｋｍ２和７４０５尾／ｋｍ２,比湾外高７７．７１倍和６８．３８倍;渔获由０～Ⅳ龄组构成,ｌ龄组为优势,叉长分布范围为１１１～２２３ｍｍ,以１４１～１６０ｍｍ组为优势;食料以硅藻类的菱形藻、海线藻、圆筛藻、直链藻和骨条藻的数量最多,并大量摄食有机碎屑;初次性成熟的最小年龄为１龄．最小叉长雌性为１４６ｍｍ,雄性１４０ｍｍ。雌雄性均在１５１～１７０ｍｍ组成熟,生殖期在冬季至初春;生长参数为Ｌ∞＝２４６．３７ｍｍ,Ｗ∞＝１８２．６５ｇ,ｋ＝０．４３０３,ｔｏ＝－０．８６４９,体重生长拐点年龄人ｔｒ＝１．６０１７龄;瞬时总死亡率为１．２０１６。关键词     

中国林蛙的生殖量特征及其地理变化

标本采自山西省境内的８个地点。结果表明１研究区域内性成熟雌蛙平均体长范围是３４．５－５２．３ｍｍ,高山森林带种群明显偏高;研究种群雌蛙的体长显著低于东北居群。２平均生殖量的范围是４２２．４－８４０．９枚,个体的最低,最高值分别为３８和１９７８枚,平均相对生殖量的范围是１０．７－１８．０,个体的最低,最高值各为１．３和３４．４。与东北居群相比,生殖量的变异幅度较高。３除高山森林带外,其余调查点的生殖     

闽江口海蜇渔业生态学研究

根据１９９３年５～９月的调查材料,研究了福建闽江口海域海蜇的渔业生态学．其密度和生物量高峰分别出现在６月２０日和７月１０日;群体伞径范围为１８～５４６ｍｍ,平均３２８．８ｍｍ．体重范围为０．５～９５４０ｇ,平均２８７７．４ｇ;伞径为３４５～４８５ｍｍ的雌性有性繁殖力在１１２０．６×１０４～３７５４．８×１０４粒,平均２４４４．７×１０４粒,有性生殖期在８月初至１１月;采用高次方程和指数高次方程分别模拟伞径和体重生长,生长方程为：Φｔ＝１２．１３３７＋１７．７０４８ｔ＋３．１３８５ｔ２－０．２０４９ｔ３＋０．００３０２ｔ４,ｌｏｇｅＷｔ＝－０．５７４９＋１．４８１８ｔ－０．０７７１ｔ２＋０．００１２９ｔ３;以生物经济学原理确定７月２０日为合理开捕期,开捕伞径为４６５．８ｍｍ．讨论分析了执行合理开捕期和开捕规格,对保护和合理利用海蜇资源,提高经济效益的重要意义     

瓣结鱼的繁殖习性以及精子的活力与寿命

经组织学观察，研究了性成熟瓣结鱼的性腺发育的周期性变化，并初步分析了瓣结鱼的和。其繁殖盛期在４月下旬到５月上旬，繁殖群体♀：♂＝１：９．１，繁殖季节具有雌雄二态性，雄鱼绝大多数在２龄性成熟，雌鱼多在３性成熟。不同浓度的ＮａＣｌ溶液对精子活力和寿命有较大影响，成熟精子在０．４５－０．５５％的ＮａＣｌ溶液中剧烈运动时间最长，平均为１７２．５秒。     

瓣结鱼的年龄和生长的研究

瓣结鱼全年均可形成新轮,新轮出现高峰期为４月。其生长特点是属于均匀生长类型,体长与鳞长呈直线关系,体长和体重指数关系,回归求得Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆ个体生长方程参数Ｌ∞,Ｗ∞,Ｋ,Ｔ０分别为７０,４３,５９６１．５０,０．２２３１,０．０２２４,体重生长拐点年龄为４．９５龄,该拐点体重为１７６８．２３ｇ,瓣结鱼第１,２龄生长较为迅速。     

沱江产大口鲇食性和生长的初步研究

本文报道产于沱江的大口鲇Ｓｉｌｕｒｕｓｍｅｒｉｄｉｏｎａｌｉｓ成鱼阶段食性和生长等生物学资料。食物以鱼类为主,４龄前生长迅速,体长与体重相关关系方程式为：Ｗ＝１１．５５０９ＢＬ２．９８０１,ｒ＝０．９９１４,原因可能与沱江饵料丰富有一定关系。     

翡翠贻贝壳长与体重关系的研究

本实验研究了翡翠贻贝（Ｐｅｒｎａｖｉｒｉｄｉｓ）的壳长Ｌ（ｃｍ）与整体湿重Ｗ（ｇ）、贝壳干重Ｓ（ｇ）、软体组织干重Ｔ（ｇ）三者之间的关系。结果表明,采自中科院南海海洋研究所海洋生物综合实验站（ＭＢＲＳ）（东山）的贻贝符合关系式：Ｗ＝０．１１２４８８×Ｌ２．７００３８,Ｓ＝０．０４４１６０６×Ｌ２．７１５８３,Ｔ＝０．００３７２４４３×Ｌ２．５２８６;采自惠阳县大亚湾水产资源增殖站（澳头）的贻贝则符合：Ｗ＝０．１６１７９４×Ｌ２．５１５８,Ｓ＝０．０６２２１６３×Ｌ２．５４６３４,Ｔ＝０．０１０４６１×Ｌ２．１３９９４。从两个地点采集的贻贝之间的差别,可解释为营养条件的差异     

水利建设对辽东半岛香鱼Plecoglossus altivelis的影响

辽东半岛水利建设造成洄游型香鱼资源下降,并在碧流河水库、转角楼水库形成了陆封型香鱼。陆封型香鱼发生了①个体小型化：体长和体重由洄游型香鱼的２０─２５ｃｍ（平均２２．６ｃｍ）,１５０─２５０ｇ（平均２０４ｇ）,分别下降到１０─１８ｃｍ（平均１３．６ｃｍ）,和１３─７３ｇ（平均３６．５ｇ）。②性状变异：洄游型香鱼体长为体高的３．７─４．７倍,为头长的４．５─５．３倍,而陆封型香鱼体长为体高的４．３─６．５倍,为头长的３．９─４．３倍。③怀卵量减少,产卵期提前：洄游型香鱼怀卵量为１．０─８．５万粒（平均３．１万位）．产卵盛期为９月底至１０月上旬,而陆封型香鱼的怀卵量为０．３２─０．６１万粒（平均０．４０万粒）,产卵盛期为９月上旬至下旬,提前２０ｄ左右。     

Demography and dynamics of mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni in the Bale Mountains National Park,Ethiopia

We studied the population dynamics of endangered mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni between 2003-2005 in the Bale Mountains National Park. Line-transect sampling and total count methods were used to gather data on demographics and movement patterns. The population's age-group composition was 58% adults, 25% sub-adults, 9% juveniles, 5% calves and 3% unidentified with a female-male sex ratio of 2:1. Population density was found to be significantly different between the two sub-populations (Dinsho Sanctuary a...     

HLA class I,KIR, and genome-wide SNP diversity in the RV144 Thai phase 3 HIV vaccine clinical trial

RV144 is the first phase 3 HIV vaccine clinical trial to demonstrate efficacy. This study consisted of more than 8,000 individuals in each arm of the trial, representing the four major regions of Thailand. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes, as well as 96 genome-wide ancestry informative markers (AIMs) were genotyped in 450 placebo HIV-1-uninfected individuals to identify the immunogenetic diversity and population structure of this cohort. High-resolution genotyping identified the common HLA alleles as A*02:03, A*02:07, A*11:01, A*24:02, A*24:07, A*33:03, B*13:01, B*15:02, B*18:01, B*40:01, B*44:03, B*46:01, B*58:01, C*01:02, C*03:02, C*03:04, C*07:01, C*07:02, C*07:04, and C*08:01. The most frequent three-loci haplotype was B*46:01-C*01:02-A*02:07. Framework genes KIR2DL4, 3DL2, and 3DL3 were present in all samples, and KIR2DL1, 2DL3, 3DL1, 2DS4, and 2DP1 occurred at frequencies greater than 90 %. The combined HLA and KIR profile suggests admixture with neighboring Asian populations. Principal component and correspondence analyses comparing the RV144 samples to the phase 3 International HapMap Project (HapMap3) populations using AIMs corroborated these findings. Structure analyses identified a distinct profile in the Thai population that did not match the Asian or other HapMap3 samples. This shows genetic variability unique to Thais in RV144, making it essential to take into account population stratification while performing genetic association studies. The overall analyses from all three genetic markers indicate that the RV144 samples are representative of the Thai population. This will inform subsequent host genetic analyses in the RV144 cohort and provide insight for future genetic association studies in the Thai population.     

中国广东水螅属一新种(水螅纲,无鞘螅目,水螅科)

报道采自中国广东省肇庆市的淡水水螅新种,即珠江水螅Hydra zhujiangensis sp.nov.,研究标本均来自1只水螅的单系繁殖群体,测量数据经生物统计学处理。新种名以水螅生境所属珠江水系命名。所有研究标本保存于深圳大学生命科学学院。     

Complete genome sequence of a novel picornavirus, canine picornavirus, discovered in dogs

We discovered a novel canine picornavirus in fecal, nasopharyngeal, and urine samples from dogs. The coding potential of its genome (5'-VP4-VP2-VP3-VP1-2A-2B-2C-3A-3B-3C(pro)-3D(pol)-3', where 3C(pro) is 3C protease and 3D(pol) is 3D polymerase) is similar to those of other picornaviruses, with putative P1, P2, and P3 sharing 54% to 58%, 60%, and 64% to 67% amino acid identities with bat picornavirus groups 1, 2, and 3.     

Expression of myoblast and myocyte antigens in relation to differentiation and the cell cycle

Cell cycle parameters and expression of myoblast and myocyte antigens were investigated during exponential growth and during the differentiation phase of rat L8( E63 ) myoblasts by an integrated approach involving microspectrophotometry with DNA fluorochromes, [3H]thymidine autoradiography, and immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies. In addition to the majority of cells which are recruited into myotubes, two distinct populations of mononucleate cells were resolved in cultures of rat myoblasts undergoing differentiation. These mononucleate cells consist of (1) a population of proliferating cells with a prolonged G1 transit time; (2) a population of non-proliferating cells which remain arrested in G1 for more than 72 h. The latter group was examined with respect to the expression of two marker antigens recognized by two monoclonal antibodies: antibody B58 reacts with a macromolecular component present in undifferentiated myoblasts but not in mature myotubes, and antibody XMlb reacts with a muscle-specific isoform of myosin. All four possible combinations of expression of these antigens by single cells were found: B58 +XM1b -, B58 +XM1b +, B58 - XM1b -, and B58 - XMlb +. The implication of these findings with respect to the transition from the proliferative to the differentiative phase of myogenesis is discussed.     

Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and gluthatione S-transferases M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms in three Brazilian population groups

Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) reduce the oxidation rates in the organism. Gluthatione S-transferases (GSTs) play a vital role in phase 2 of biotransformation of many substances. Variation in the expression of these enzymes suggests individual differences for the degree of antioxidant protection and geographical differences in the distribution of these variants. We described the distribution frequency of CAT (21A/T), SOD2 (Ala9Val), GPX1 (Pro198Leu), GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in three Brazilian population groups: Kayabi Amerindians (n = 60), Kalunga Afro-descendants (n = 72), and an urban mixed population from Federal District (n = 162). Frequencies of the variants observed in Kalunga (18% to 58%) and Federal District (33% to 63%) were similar to those observed in Euro and Afro-descendants, while in Kayabi (3% to 68%), depending on the marker, frequencies were similar to the ones found in different ethnic groups. Except for SOD2 in all population groups studied here, and for GPX1 in Kalunga, the genotypic distributions were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. These data can clarify the contribution of different ethnicities in the formation of mixed populations, such as that of Brazil. Moreover, outcomes will be valuable resources for future functional studies and for genetic studies in specific populations. If these studies are designed to comprehensively explore the role of these genetic polymorphisms in the etiology of human diseases they may help to prevent inconsistent genotype-phenotype associations in pharmacogenetic studies.     

Influence of sex, body size, and reproduction on overwinter lipid depletion in brook trout

Expressed as percentages of total fresh body weight, lipids of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis declined between October and April: reproductive males from 2·89 to 1·22%, reproductive females from 3·19 to 1·84%, and non-reproductive males and females from 2·75 to 2·08%. The absolute and proportional overwinter reduction in lipids among reproductive trout was more than twice that of non-reproductive trout, with reproductive males losing significantly more lipids than reproductive females. Larger reproductive individuals lost more lipids during winter, relative to body size, than smaller individuals, although such an effect was not evident among non-reproductive trout. The average overwinter reduction in lipids for reproductive males (58%), females (42%), and non-reproductive trout (24%) was negatively associated with mark-recapture estimates of overwinter survival probabilities of 0·27, 0·36, and 0·58, respectively, providing support for the hypothesis that energy is allocated to reproduction to the detriment of post-reproductive survival. Our emergent hypothesis that reproductive costs differ between sexes, and the life history consequences thereof, merit further study.     

Significance of HPV-58 Infection in Women Who Are HPV-Positive,Cytology-Negative and Living in a Country with a High Prevalence of HPV-58 Infection

Purpose

Cervical cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA co-testing is recommended as a screening method for detecting cervical lesions. However, for women who are HPV-positive but cytology-negative, the appropriate management and significance of HPV-58 infection remain unknown.

Methods

This study of prevalent HPV detected at baseline with a median follow-up of 3.2 years evaluated the risk factors associated with cervical abnormalities and assessed the significance of HPV-58 infection. A total of 265 women were enrolled. All high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) that were detected by cytology were confirmed by histology. Histological diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 were classified as HSIL. Women were classified into four groups according to the HPV genotype that was detected at their first visit: HPV-58 (n = 27), HPV-16 (n = 52; 3 women had HPV-58 co-infection), ten other high risk (HR) types (n = 79), or low/undetermined risk types (n = 107).

Results

Of 265 women, 20 (7.5%) had HSIL on their follow-up examinations. There were significant differences in the cumulative incidence of HSIL between the four groups (p<0.001). The 5-year cumulative incidence rates of HSIL were 34.0% (95% CI: 17.3–59.8%) in HPV-58 positive cases, 28.0% (95% CI: 13.8–51.6) in HPV-16 positive cases, 5.5% (95% CI: 2.1–14.0%) in one of the ten other types of HR-HPV positive cases, and 0% in women with low/undetermined risk HPV. When seen in women with HR-HPV (n = 158), persistent HPV infection was a significant factor associated with the development of HSIL (hazard ratio = 15.459, 95% CI: 2.042–117.045). Women with HPV-58 had a higher risk (hazard ratio = 5.260, 95% CI: 1.538–17.987) for the development of HSIL than women with HPV-16 (hazard ratio = 3.822, 95% CI: 1.176–12.424) in comparison with women with other types of HR-HPV.

Conclusion

HPV-58 has a high association with the development of HSIL in women who are HPV-positive and cytology-negative.     

光敏核不育水稻农垦58S与正常品种“农垦58”在pmsl区段无育性基因分离

光敏核不育水稻农垦58S系由正常品种“农垦58”(Oryza sativa L.ssp.japonica)自然突变产生。为弄清该突变基因在染色体上的位置,曾用覆盖整个水稻基因组的300余个RFLP探针对农垦58S和“农垦58”进行了对比分析,得到了7个具多态性的探针,其中2个探针RG30和RZ626正好落在第7染色体上以前定位的光敏核不育基因pmsl所在的区段。以这两个标记对农垦58S/“农垦58”组合F_2随机群体140单株进行了RFLP分析,按RFLP基因型分组对育性作方差分析,结果表明,这2个标记位点与此群体中引起育性分离的位点无连锁关系。说明由正常“农垦58”变为光敏核不育农垦58S的突变基因不在pmsl区段。     

南京市正常人群NQO1、CYP1A1、mEH基因的多态性研究

应用PCR技术,对南京市正常人群中NQO1、CYP1A1、mEH-外显子3、mEH－外显子4基因型多态性进行了研究。88例样本中,相关基因野生型纯合子（wt/wt）、杂合子（wt/vt）、突变型纯合子（vt/vt）三种基因型的频率分布及基因频率分别是：NQO1 29.5%（0.304）,51.1%(0.495)和19.3%(0.202);CYP1A?135.2%(0.329)、44.3%(0.489)和20.5%(0.181);mEH－外显子3为26.1%(0.297),56.8%(0.496),17.0%(0.207);mEH－外显子4为83.0%(0.826),15.9%(0.165),1.1%(0.008)。以上结果与国外的有关报道存在一定差异,在不同地区中国人群的频率分布特征基本一致,种族差异可能是造成有关基因型分布差异的重要原因。 Abstract：The polymorphisms of NQO1, CYP1A1, mEH-Exon3 ,and mEH-Exon4 genes in normal Nanjing population (88 cases) were investigat ed by PCR approach. The results showed that the population frequency distributio ns of genotypes of wild-type,heterozygote, homozygous variant were respectively: NQO1? 29.5%,51.1%,19.3%;CYP 1A1 35.2%,44.3%,20.5%;mEH-exon3 26.1 %,56.8%,17.0%;mEH-exon4 83.0%,15.9%,1.1%. The frequency distributions o f genotypes in Nanjing population differ from those of other countries and do no t show marked differences compared with other different area in Chinese populati on. The ethnic difference might be an important reason which results in the diff erences of related genotypes.