蓝额红尾鸲的繁殖习性

蓝额红尾鸲的繁殖习性周方林四川松潘县林业局６２３３００１９９４年４月至６月在四川省松潘县双河乡对蓝额红尾鸲（Ｐｈｏｅ—一加ｍｏｆｂ）的繁殖生态作了两个月的野外考察,现将所得资料报道如下。ｌ求偶及配对蓝额红尾鸣４月Ｉ６日至４月ＺＩ日开始发情。此时寒意尚...     

佛坪大熊猫的移动习性

１９９１年４月１９９２年４月,在佛坪自然保护区采用无线电遥测方法,对大熊猫移动进行了研究。结果表明,佛坪大熊猫有季节性能垂直移动习性。海拔２２００米以上的松花竹林为夏居地,１３００－１９００米的巴山木竹林为冬居地。每年６－９月熊猫向上移动至夏居地,１０月至次年５月在冬居地活动。熊猫的移动与气候和食物的变化有关。     

涡虫无性繁殖次数,周期和温度的实验观察

室温下涡虫的无性繁殖４月开始，９月趋于停止，生殖高峰期在６月。１年中涡虫可进行７－８次无性生殖，生殖周期为７－２０天，４－５月生殖的幼涡虫当年可进行２－４次生殖，生殖周期１８－２７天，涡虫无性生殖的适宜温度为１８－２９℃，最适宜生殖温度２４～２６℃。     

眼镜蛇血浆T3,T4,TsH浓度的年周期变化律

本文报道眼镜蛇Ｎａｊａ ｎａｊａ Ａｔｒａ甲状腺功能的年周期律。结果表明：１．眼镜蛇血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４和ＴｓＨ的浓度均呈单峰曲线的年周期变化。血浆ＴｓＨ的浓度及血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度的高峰时间分别是４月１６日及７月２日和７月８日。血浆ＴｓＨ的高峰时间比血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度的高峰时间提前２个多月。２．眼镜蛇Ｔ３、Ｔ４分泌增多的内因是蛇自身节律性的调节。３．眼镜蛇的ＴｓＨ是甲状腺结构变化的促成者。     

乌卜洗剂治疗蜈蚣咬伤4例报告

乌卜洗剂治疗蜈蚣咬伤４例报告庞卫国覃永安（广西防城港市防城区中医院５３８０２１）１９９５年５月至８月间,我们用自制的乌卜洗剂治疗蜈蚣咬伤４例,疗效确切,现报告如下：例１女,２４岁,居民,１９９５年５月２５日,被蜈蚣咬伤右手背,伤后２小时来诊。自觉灼热...     

促菌生辅助治疗细菌性痢疾69例临床分析

我院９８年１月～１０月收治细菌性痢疾（菌痢）８１例,其中６９例应用了促菌生治疗,现将应用促菌生治疗的６９例临床效果报道如下。１临床资料１１一般资料男４２例,女２７例。发病年龄４月～１２岁,其中～１岁１１例,～２岁４０例,～３岁８例,～４岁３例,～４...     

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗闭塞性脑血管病118例

蝮蛇抗栓酶治疗闭塞性脑血管病１１８例王亚利军委第二炮兵礼士路门诊部北京１００８２０我科１９９１年４月至１９９３年４月,经ＣＴ扫描确诊为脑血栓患者１１８例,应用“蝮蛇抗栓酶”（清栓酶）治疗,收到明显疗效,尤其对血液动力学的改变有明显促进作用。１资料和方...     

荒漠沙蜥繁殖生态研究

荒漠沙蜥（Ｐｈｒｙｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉ）１年繁殖１次,有明显的季节性周期。４月初出蛰时雄性精巢已相当发育,５月其重量和体积最大,６月变小,进入精子发生的晚期,７月降到最小,８月开始回升,１０月中旬入蛰时已接近春季出蛰时水平。１年内仅７月精巢中无精子。雌性出蛰后卵细胞开始发育,４月下旬进入成熟期,６月达高峰,７月下降,８月进入休止期。每雌年产卵１～３枚或１～４枚,平均１．８３（ｎ＝４８,１９８７）和２．１７（ｎ＝４８,１９９３）。特定体长组的生殖率是影响种群年平均生殖率的主要因素。生殖周期与光周期相符,光周期是影响荒漠沙蜥生殖周期的主要气候因子。     

臭Qu种群相对数量季节变化的初步分析

１９８５年４月１９９２年１２月,作者采用夹日法对萧山围垦农区臭Ｑｕ种群动态进行了连续逐月定点定时的研究。结果表明：臭Ｑｕ种群相对数量的季节消长呈后峰型双峰曲线,５月和１０月各出现一次高,怀孕率在２月和７月各出现一次高峰,平均胎仔数在５－６月和８－９月相对较多。室外群种相对数量高峰在４月和９－１０月;室内种群在５月和１０月,前峰不及室外种群明显。室内种群雌体怀孕率明显于室外种群。种群相对数量的季节变     

224例重症脑血管病患者的护理体会（摘要）

２２４例重症脑血管病患者的护理体会（摘要）２３８医院内科吕铁秋,陈立萍,王淑娟自１９８９年４月－１９９３年４月我科共收治急危重脑血管病患者２２４例,为了更好地配合医疗,在护理方面采取积极措施,取得良好效果,现总结如下：一、临床资料：本组病例均为近几年...     

尼日利亚西南部奥孙河沿线黑蝇Simulium damnosum Theobald complex的形态分类研究(双翅目:蚋科)

黑蝇Simulium damnosum sensu lato是由多个姊妹种组成的复合体,这些种在生态学和盘尾丝虫病的传播方面各不相同.本文对奥孙河沿线的尼日利亚西南部森林区域的黑蝇S.damnosum s.l.复合体的组成以及成虫的形态学特征进行了研究.本研究所用的黑蝇S.damnosum s.l.成虫标本来源于奥孙河沿线的3个区,分别是Osun Eleja,Osun Ogbere和Osun Budepo.标本采集通过人体诱捕的方式,采集时间从2008年2月至2009年6月上午7:00到下午6:00,每两周采集1次.通过观察成虫的翅毛簇(wing tufts)和其他形态特征,对其进行分类研究.结果表明:存在同域分布的森林种和稀树草原种.在奥孙河沿线3个区内,森林种为优势种,占总捕获量的99.18%,而稀树草原种仅占0.82%;森林种和稀树草原种在多度上存在显著差异(P<0.05).所捕获的所有稀树草原种的翅毛簇均为灰白色,而捕获的森林种的翅毛簇颜色存在显著差异(P<0.05).为了更清楚地揭示该地区黑蝇S.damnosum s.l.的物种组成,建议进行更深入的研究.     

大理苍山洱海自然保护区山地蚤类区系与生态的研究

１９９２－１９９７年,对大理苍山洱海自然保护区山地蚤类进行了垂直分布的调查研究,共采获蚤类５科２１属３９种（亚种）３２４１头,并对以苍山为主体的山地各主要生态环境蚤类的群落结构,物种丰富度,物种多样性,均匀度和生态优势度进行了测定和比较,分析蚤类及其宿主动物的分布特点和自然环境因素后认为,在苍山所获３９种蚤类中有１６种（占４１．０３％）属东洋界种类,２１种（占５３．８４％）,属古北界种类,２种属广     

Effects of forest degradation on the sand fly communities of northeast Brazil

The richness and abundance of sand fly species were studied in northeastern Brazil in areas of leishmaniasis transmission. The study was carried out in two forest areas with different deforestation times for agricultural and livestock activities: one modified by long‐term settlement (more than 50 years of occupation) and another less impacted by short‐term settlement (10 years). The sand flies were captured with CDC light traps from 18:00 to 06:00 for three consecutive nights, once a month, from May, 2012 to April, 2014. The study captured 21,708 specimens and also 33 species of Lutzomyia and two of Brumptomyia. Species richness and abundance were higher in the more conserved area of short‐term occupation (31 species; 61.7%) than in the more degraded area with long‐term occupation (17 species; 38.3%). In the most conserved area, the species richness was higher in the forest fragment than in the rural settlement, whereas in the degraded area the richness was higher in the peri‐domicile than in the forest. The diversity was higher in the degraded area forest. There were significant statistical differences when comparing the means of total abundance with the intra‐domicile, peri‐domicile, and forest environments. The average abundance was statistically higher in the peri‐domicile compared to the forest (p = 0.009), but there were no statistically significant differences between intra‐domicile‐peri‐domicile (p = 0.11) and forest‐intra‐domicile (p = 0.87). In conclusion, a change in vegetation cover negatively affects the richness and abundance of sand flies in the natural environment.     

洪雅县人工林赤腹松鼠活动范围及栖息地利用

2009年3～8月期间,通过观察并利用无线电遥测等方法对洪雅县林场赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)的活动范围和栖息地利用进行了研究。研究结果显示,赤腹松鼠的最小凸多边形(minimum convex polygon,MCP)巢域面积为(1.90±0.59)hm2,95%和60%固定核法(fixed kernel,FK)巢域面积分别为(1.06±0.19)hm2和(0.16±0.03)hm2。处在求偶高峰期的雄鼠会显著地扩大活动范围。栖息地利用的研究结果表明,赤腹松鼠对栖息地因子有明显的选择性,倾向在坡度大、灌木生长繁茂、靠近人居和水源及有藤本植物覆盖的区域活动。     

Tree and shrub diversity and abundance in fragmented littoral forest of southeastern Madagascar

In the coastal littoral forest of extreme southeastern Madagascar, westudied tree diameter at breast height (DBH) 10 cm in 20, 50× 50 m plots in each of four forest fragments, andunderstorywoody vegetation (DBH < 10 cm, 1 m tall) in60,10 × 10 m plots in three of the fragments. Oneforestfragment was located in the highly degraded Lokaro region, and three in the nearbySainte-Luce forest. Atotal of 3476 trees, representing 169 species in 55 families, were recorded inthe50 × 50 m plots, and 10282 understory stems, representing195 species in 54 families, were found in the 10 × 10m plots. For each tree, DBH was recorded. Mean tree diameter andpatterns of tree size class distribution did not differ among the four forestfragments. However, the fragments differed significantly in both tree andunderstory stem densities, species richness and diversity values, and familyrichness values, with the Lokaro fragment having the lowest values for allmeasures. Furthermore, floristic patterns, family importance values, and communitysimilarity measures revealed that the species composition at theLokaro fragment was very different from the Sainte-Luce fragments. Anthropogenicdisturbance appears most pronounced in the isolated Lokaro forest, where bioticresources are limited to this single fragment.     

广州市十种森林生态系统的碳循环

为了探讨南亚热带森林生态系统碳循环的规律,在广泛收集资料和试验数据的基础上,对广州10种森林生态系统的碳循环进行研究.结果表明：10种森林生态系统的碳密度在108.35～151.85 t C·hm^-2,其中乔木层碳密度在10.85～48.86 t C·hm^-2,0～60 cm土壤层在87.74～99.01 t C·hm^-2,均低于全国平均水平;从大气流向植被层的碳流量为4.41～9.15 t C·hm^-2·a^-1,植被层流向土壤层的碳流量为0.74～2.06 t C·hm^-2·a^-1,土壤层流向大气层的碳流量为3.94～5.42 t C·hm^-2·a^-1,即系统从大气净吸收碳在0.47～4.97 t C·hm^-2·a^-1之间.各种林分的净系统生产力不同,阔叶林大于针叶林,混交林大于纯林,天然次生林大于人工林.     

A novel,versatile family IV carboxylesterase exhibits high stability and activity in a broad pH spectrum

Objectives

To investigate the properties of a novel metagenome-derived member of the hormone-sensitive lipase family of lipolytic enzymes.

Results

A forest soil metagenome-derived gene encoding an esterase (Est06) belonging to the hormone-sensitive lipase family of lipolytic enzymes was subcloned, heterologously expressed and characterized. Est06 is a polypeptide of 295 amino acids with a molecular mass of 31 kDa. The deduced protein sequence shares 61% similarity with a hypothetical protein from the marine symbiont Candidatus Entotheonella sp. TSY1. Purified Est06 exhibited high affinity for acyl esters with short-chain fatty acids, and showed optimum activity with p-nitrophenyl valerate (C5). Maximum enzymatic activity was at 50 °C and pH 7. Est06 exhibited high stability at moderate temperatures by retaining all of its catalytic activity below 30 °C over 13 days. Additionally, Est06 displayed high stability between pH 5 and 9. Esterase activity was not inhibited by metal ions or detergents, although organic solvents decreased activity.

Conclusions

The combination of Est06 properties place it among novel biocatalysts that have potential for industrial use including low temperature applications.

     

一株敌草胺降解菌的分离鉴定及降解性能

为探讨酰胺类除草剂敌草胺的微生物降解机理和土壤中敌草胺降解的生物强化性能,从长期使用敌草胺的烟田土壤中分离到一株敌草胺降解细菌菌株,命名为LGY06.经形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析将其鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌.在纯培养条件下,菌株LGY06对敌草胺的降解符合一级动力学特征,7 d内对50 mg·L^-1敌草胺降解率达到75.7%;LGY06降解敌草胺的最适温度和最适pH值分别为35 ℃和8.0.通过气相色谱-质谱鉴定了菌株LGY06降解敌草胺的降解产物并分析了其降解途径,α-萘酚和丙酰胺是主要的降解产物,LGY06对敌草胺的作用方式主要有脱烷基、氧化(或水解),为矿化过程.室内模拟条件下,LGY06能有效促进土壤中敌草胺残留的降解,与未接种灭菌土、非根际土和根际土相比,敌草胺在接种LGY06土壤中的降解半衰期分别缩短了79.5%、36.6%和41.1%.     

一株高乙醇耐受的嗜热细菌Anoxybacillus sp. WP06的性质研究

厌氧芽孢杆菌属(Anoxybacillus)的菌株WP06是一株兼性厌氧的嗜热细菌, 能利用木糖、阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖等产生乙醇。不像绝大多数嗜热细菌, WP06菌株在高温下表现出极高的乙醇耐受力, 60oC时在8%的乙醇胁迫下才出现生长抑制现象, 15%的乙醇胁迫下仍能生长, 是目前已知的乙醇耐受力最高的嗜热细菌。WP06菌株突破了人们对高温下细菌耐受乙醇浓度的极限认识, 是研究高温下乙醇耐受机制的良好出发菌株。     

一株高乙醇耐受的嗜热细菌Anoxybacillus sp. WP06的性质研究

厌氧芽孢杆菌属(Anoxybacillus)的菌株WP06是一株兼性厌氧的嗜热细菌, 能利用木糖、阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖等产生乙醇。不像绝大多数嗜热细菌, WP06菌株在高温下表现出极高的乙醇耐受力, 60oC时在8%的乙醇胁迫下才出现生长抑制现象, 15%的乙醇胁迫下仍能生长, 是目前已知的乙醇耐受力最高的嗜热细菌。WP06菌株突破了人们对高温下细菌耐受乙醇浓度的极限认识, 是研究高温下乙醇耐受机制的良好出发菌株。