紫菀中三萜及甾体化合物的研究

从紫菀(Aster tataricusL.f.)的根及根茎中分离得到11个化合物,经IR、NMR、MS、X-ray单晶衍射等波谱方法分别鉴定为紫菀酮(shionone)(1)、木栓酮(friedelin)(2)、表木栓醇(epi-friedelanol)(3)、蒲公英萜醇(taraxerol)(4)、α-菠甾醇(-αspinasterol)(5)、二十二碳酸(decosanoic acid)(6)、豆甾醇(stigmasterol)(7)、β-谷甾醇(-βsitosterol)(8)、α-菠甾醇--βD-葡萄糖苷(-αspinasterol--βD-glucoside)(9)、豆甾醇--βD-葡萄糖苷(stigmasterol--βD-glucoside)(10)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol)(11)。化合物6为首次从该属植物中获得,化合物5,9,10为首次从该植物中分得。活性实验研究结果表明紫菀酮(1),表木栓醇(3)可显著抑制氨水所致小鼠咳嗽。     

显脉旋覆花化学成分的研究(英文)

从显脉旋覆花(Inula nervosaWall.)地上部分的75%乙醇提取物中分离到13个化合物,经波谱鉴定为紫菀酮(1),β-谷甾醇(2),α-菠菜甾醇(3),熊果酸(4),胡萝卜苷(5),bigelovin(6),loliolide(7),24S-乙基-5α-胆甾-7,22E-二烯-3α-醇-β-半乳糖苷(8),菠叶素(9),山萘酚(10),α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11),苄醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)和2-苯乙醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷(13)。其中,化合物1~3和6~13为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

黄瓜藤的化学成分研究

从丽江产黄瓜藤甲醇提取物的氯仿部位分离得到9个化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为α-菠甾醇(1)、α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,3)、豆甾-7-烯-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、22-亚甲基-9,19-环羊毛甾烷-3β-醇(5)、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-(2′,3′-二羟基二十四烷酰氨基)-10-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(6)、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]-10-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(7)、(2S,3S,4R,10E)-1-(β-D-葡萄糖苷)-2-[(2′R)-2-羟基二十四烷酰氨基]-10-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇(8)、大豆脑苷(9),除化合物3外,其它化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

草果果实的化学成分及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性研究

本研究通过系统分离探索了中药草果果实的化学成分。采用多种柱色谱手段对其乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过波谱法鉴定化合物的结构并通过PNPG法测定化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。从中药草果果实的乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离鉴定出11个化合物,分别为(R)-1-(1-ethoxypropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyphenol(1)、(R)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol(2)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯丙酮(3)、香草乙酮(4)、2,6二甲氧基-4甲基苯酚(5)、香兰素(6)、4-萜烯醇(7)、methyl (9S,10R,11E,13R,15Z)-9,10,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-11,15-dienoate(8)、methyl (9S,10R,11E,13R)-9,10,13-trihydroxyoctadec-11-enoate(9)、amomutsaoko A(10)以及renealtin A(11)。其中化合物1为酚类化合物,是作为天然产物首次报道,化合物10和11具有强于阿卡波糖的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。     

麻疯树皮的化学成分研究

从麻疯树(Jatrophac curcus L.)的树皮中分离得到12个化合物,经理化常数和波谱鉴定(IR,1H NMR,13C NMR,EI-MS)分别为二十六酸甲酯(1),β-谷甾醇(2),蒲公英萜醇(3),蒲公英甾醇(4),伪蒲公英甾醇(5),curcusones A(6),curcusones B(7),jatropholone A(8),jatropholone B(9),3,3′,4-三甲氧基鞣花酸(10),胡萝卜甙(11),蔗糖(12)。其中化合物1,4,5,10,12为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

小金梅草化学成分研究(英文)

从小金梅草乙醇提取物中分离得到了12个化合物,分别为3-O-β-D-槲皮素葡萄糖苷(1)、3-O-β-D-山柰酚葡萄糖苷(2)、5-O-β-D-芹菜素葡萄糖苷(3)、α-菠甾醇(4)、2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酸(5)、3-吲哚甲酸(6)、(2S,3R,4E,8E)-1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)-N-[(R)-2’-羟基-二十碳酰基]-9-甲基-4,8-二烯-1,3-二醇-2-氨基-十八烷(7)、正三十二烷醇(8)、14,15-二十碳烯酸(9)、木腊酸(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、胡萝卜苷(12)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中得到。     

茶褐牛肝菌化学成分研究

为了解茶褐牛肝菌(Neoboletus brunneissimus)的化学成分,共分离鉴定了18个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,9(11),22-三烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、(24S)-麦角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(4)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)、(24S)-乙基胆甾烯-7-烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(6),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四烯(7)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,2-三烯-3β-醇(8)、3β-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角-6,22-二烯(9)、富马酸单甲酯(10)、富马酸(11)、琥珀酸(12)、反-2-癸烯二酸(13)、烟酸(14)、烟酰胺(15)、莽草酸(16)、亚油酸-α-甘油酯(17)和1-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基棕榈酰)-9-甲基-4,8-鞘氨醇(18)。以上化合物均为首次从茶褐牛肝菌中分离得到,其中化合物6、9、13和17为首次从牛肝菌科高等真菌中分离得到。     

光白英的化学成分研究

利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱及高效制备薄层层析等手段对茄属植物光白英全草的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据化合物理化性质和波谱数据对其化学结构进行阐明,发现并鉴定了16个化合物,分别为:白英醇E(1)、白英醇F(2)、白英醇A(3)、白英醇B(4)、白英醇C(5)、江西白英素A(6)、江西白英素D(7)、布卢门醇A(8)、去氢催吐萝芙醇(9)、3β-羟基-5α,6α-环氧-7-大柱香波龙烯-9-酮(10)、布卢门醇C(11)、东莨菪内酯(12)、(1'S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(13)、chakyunglupulin A(14)、9,10,13-三羟基-反-11-十八烯酸(15)、2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethyl-9-hydroxyspiro[4,5]dec-6-en-8-one(16)。化合物1~11、13、16为倍半萜;化合物1~16均为首次从光白英中发现。     

大头艾纳香化学成分的研究

利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等手段从大头艾纳香(Blumea megacephala(Randeria)Chang etTseng)全草中分离得到13个化合物,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据分别鉴定为无羁萜(1)、小麦黄素(2)、豆甾醇二十六烷酸酯(3)、豆甾醇十八烷酸酯(4)、α-香树脂醇(5)、α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(6)、β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(7)、β-谷甾醇(8)、豆甾醇(9)、β-胡萝卜苷(10)、二十七烷醇(11)、十六烷酸(12)和二十四烷酸(13)。所有化合物均为首次从大头艾纳香中分离得到。     

角果胡椒的化学成分研究

从角果胡椒的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个甾醇,通过波谱方法鉴定它们的结构为5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(2),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(3),豆甾醇-5,11-二烯-3β-醇(4),豆甾醇-3,6-二酮(5),sitoindosideΙ(6)。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.