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1.
海绵生理活性物质研究新进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文综述了近三年来从海绵中得到的萜类、生物碱、甾醇、肽类等具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗爱滋病及心血管活性等生理活性的物质。  相似文献   

2.
海洋生理活性物质的研究及发展趋势   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
本文概括海洋生理活性物质特有的特异结构和药理作用,对研究治疗心脑血管疾病、癌症和艾滋病等方面的意义及发展前景。阐述我国近年来从海洋生物活性物质中发现如三丙酮胺、喹啉酮、柳珊瑚酸及其衍生物等28种显著生理活性新化合物及16种海洋生理活性物质;8种已投入市场的海洋药物及保健品。提出对海洋生理活性物质研制成新药的可行途径及应采取的决策和有效措施;提出应用如基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶学工程等生物技术  相似文献   

3.
海绵中含有多种多样的萜类化合物,包括单萜、倍半萜、二萜、二倍半萜和三萜。其中,倍半萜和二萜最为丰富。这些次生代谢物大部分具有强烈的生理活性。本文介绍近年来这一领域的研究进展。  相似文献   

4.
Spongia属沐浴海绵化学成分及生理活性研究概况   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
已进行化学成分研究的Spongia属沐浴海绵有15个种,主要化学成分有大环内酯,萜类,甾醇,神经酰胺和一些长链脂肪酸,脂等,其中一些化学成分具有结构新颖性和较好的生理活性,综述了国内外有关该属沐浴海绵化学成分及生理活性的研究概况。  相似文献   

5.
王不留行环肽研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7  
从中药王不留行(Vacariasegetalis)种子中分离并鉴定了4个环肽化合物,分别命名为王不留行环肽A,B,C,D(vaccarinsA,B,C,D),其中王不留行环肽A为新环肽化合物。其结构通过光谱和化学方法分别确定为:vaccarinA——cyclo-(Trp-Ala1-Gly-Val-Ala2),vaccarinB———cyclo-(Pro-Gly-Leu-Ser-Phe1-Ala-Phe2),vaccarinC———cyclo-(Pro1-Gly-Tyr-Val-Pro2-Leu-Trp),vacarinD———cyclo-(Pro-Val1-Trp-Ala-Gly-Val2).  相似文献   

6.
本文概述海洋生理活性物质特有的特异结构和药理作用,对研究治疗心脑血管疾病、癌症和艾滋病等方面的意义及发展前景。阐述我国近年来从海洋生物活性物质中发现如三丙酮胺、喹啉酮、柳珊瑚酸及其衍生物等观种显著生理活性新化合物及16种海洋生理活性物质;8种已投入市场的海洋药物及保健品。提出对海洋生理活性物质研制成新药的可行途径及应采取的决策和有效措施;提出应用如基因工程、细胞工程、发酵工程和酶学工程等生物技术来研制、生产出纯度高、质量高、成本低的海洋药物资源物质。海洋生物技术领域的迅速发展,对海洋生物活性物质的研究及开发海洋药物具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

7.
海鞘类天然产物的最新研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
近年来,从海洋生物海鞘中分离出很多结构新颖而又有显著生理活性的天然化合物,引起了有机化学家和药学家的关注。本文综述了国内外最近几年对海鞘类天然产物的研究进展,并按化学结构类型进行了分类。  相似文献   

8.
鉴于禽类细菌性疾病对养禽业健康发展的不利影响,人们急需开发改善细菌耐药性的新型敏感性抗菌药物,使其达到治疗细菌性疾病的目的。环肽较线性肽因具有更多的生物活性和医药价值而成为抗菌药物的候选者。主要从天然抗菌环肽的发现、抗菌环肽的合成、环肽类抗菌药物的应用现状三个方面进行综述,期望有利于读者进一步了解抗菌环肽的研究概况,为开发新型抗菌环肽药物提供帮助。  相似文献   

9.
海洋抗肿瘤活性大环内酯类化合物化学成分研究近况   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
最近,人们已从多种海洋生物中发现许多具有应用价值的生理活性物质。其中,抗肿瘤活性物质的开发研究尤为盛行。目前,人们已经分离得到许多在体内试验中具有明显抗肿瘤活性的化合物,并且确立了它们的化学结构,其中包括类萜类化合物、生物碱,肽类化合物、大环内酯类化合物、类前列腺素化合物、聚醚类化合物等。其中,已有数种大环内酯类化合物很有可能作为抗癌药物进入临床。bryostatin 1则是它们的代表性化合物之一。目前,美国National Cancer Instituie已经开始对该化合物进行临床研究。它是由作者(釜野)研究小组在美国亚利桑拿州立大学癌研究所开发研究出的一种新型化合物,经过进一步研究又分离得到了bryostatin 2(24)~13(35),并确立了它们的化学结构。因此,本文将对bryostatin类化合物的化学性质以及其生理活性作详细地综述。另外,还将论述halichondrin类化合物(14~21)和Aplyronine(22)。它们是最近几年在日本发现的,在体内试验中具有很强的抗肿瘤活性的一系列新型化合物。再者,本文还将概述其它一些重要的、具有抗肿瘤活性的大环内酯类化合物,即aplysiatoxin(Ia~Ic), latrunculinA(2), acutiphycin(3),tedanolide(4), swinholide A(5), bistheonellde A(7a), amphicinolides(8~10), kabiramides(11a 11e), ulapualide(12a, 12b)以及patellazole B(13)。  相似文献   

10.
植物环肽是一个庞大的小分子天然产物家族,通常由4—10个氨基酸残基组合而成。该类化合物广泛存在于全球多种植物的根、茎、枝、叶及种子中,中草药中也时有发现。由于对其生物合成途径及机理研究较少,环肽分子的利用价值尚未得到有效的开发。和常见的非环状基因编码的多肽或蛋白质相比,环肽结构更为复杂。本文将对植物环肽的生物合成途径及其机理做初步探讨。  相似文献   

11.
    
We have designed and synthesized a conformationally homogeneous series of cyclic pentapeptides of the general structure c[Pro-aa(i)-D-Tic-Oic-aa(i + 3)] which adopt a type-II' beta-turn conformation believed important for high affinity antagonism of the bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor. We incorporated D-Tic and octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid (Oic) residues (present in known active antagonists) in a cyclic pentapeptide that would place the D-aa in the i + 1 position of the beta-turn and a proline as a bridge between the C- and N-termini sides of the turn. In positions i and i + 3 alkyl, aromatic, polar or charged amino acids could be introduced without dramatically changing the overall structure. Ten analogues were studied using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and evaluated for their binding affinity for the human B2 receptor. The NMR data in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) confirmed the structural homogeneity within the class and, on the basis of this, one representative member of the series was chosen for a detailed structure determination using NMR data in sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) micelles and molecular dynamics calculations. Despite the structural similarity, the binding affinity of the ten analogues was strongly influenced by the nature of the side-chains in positions i and i + 3, with the doubly charged analogue 49 (pKi = 6.2) proving best. This compound may serve as the starting point for the discovery of new non-peptide bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists.  相似文献   

12.
    
We have developed a novel protocol for a one‐pot cleavage from solid support and subsequent cyclization to form small macrocyclic peptides. Synthesized on a 4‐hydroxymethyl benzamide (HMBA) resin, the peptides are cleaved from the solid support through a 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) assisted acyl transfer reaction. The resulting linear peptides then undergo an intramolecular cyclization, presumably upon in situ attack of the N‐terminal amine on the TBD‐activated ester. This protocol requires catalytic quantities of TBD and eliminates the need for orthogonal side chain deprotection strategies and ether trituration/work‐up steps, streamlining the synthesis of head‐to‐tail macrocyclic peptides.  相似文献   

13.
    
A new tribromoiododiphenyl ether ( 1 ) and eight known brominated diphenyl ethers ( 2 – 9 ) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the sponge Arenosclera sp. collected in Vietnam, using repeated open column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The chemical structure of the new compound 1 was determined by analyses of spectroscopic (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and MS) data and by comparison of our data with those reported in the literature. Compounds 1 , 3 , and 8 exhibited strong antibacterial activities against the Gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram‐negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC values ranging from 0.8 to 6.3 μm , while compounds 5 and 7 only displayed activities against Gram‐positive bacteria with MIC values from 0.5 to 3.1 μm . Compound 2 showed activities against the four tested bacteria with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 6.3 μm .  相似文献   

14.
胡蜂毒肽(mastoparans, MP)是一类昆虫源的α-螺旋阳离子抗菌肽,具有广谱的抗微生物活性,对细菌、真菌、病毒及寄生虫的生长均有一定的抑制作用。通过氨基酸替换、肽段结构修饰、肽链环化及剂型改造等多种方法进行多肽改造,可增强胡蜂毒肽的生物学活性和靶向性,并降低其毒性。本文对胡蜂毒肽的结构、生物学功能及其修饰改造方法进行综述,并对以胡蜂毒肽为基础的抗菌药物研发进行了展望,为胡蜂毒肽作为新型抗微生物药物的研究提供了参考。  相似文献   

15.
铰链结构,又称铰链区或转角,是部分抗菌肽序列中存在的一种特殊结构。但目前抗菌肽结构的研究多集中于标准的α-螺旋和β-折叠二级结构,对于铰链结构及其作用总结较少。铰链结构对抗菌肽生物活性有重要影响,主要原因是铰链结构能够提高抗菌肽的结构灵活性,促进其对细菌细胞膜的破坏作用或与胞内作用靶点的结合效率,进而提高抗菌肽的抗菌活性。同时,降低的抗菌肽结构刚性,消减了抗菌肽对真核细胞的毒性。文中结合了笔者课题组相关工作,就铰链结构特点、对抗菌肽生物活性的影响以及在抗菌肽分子设计方面的应用进行了综述,以期为新型抗菌肽的设计和开发提供参考。  相似文献   

16.
    
Zinc is the second most valuable microelement after iron, according to its abundance in the human body. Supplementation of this metal is not straightforward because of several factors like phytates and interference of other minerals during gastrointestinal digestion. For the last several years, intensive research has been developing new forms of zinc supplements based on zinc-binding peptides from food products. Except for the advantages of supplementation, zinc-peptide complexes are expected to be drug candidates against various diseases. Zinc supplementation can be improved by protein hydrolysates and peptides due to their zinc-binding ability. They enhance zinc supplementation and contribute to preventing conditions leading to zinc deficiency that cause various diseases. Research on food-derived zinc-binding peptides is progressing in two directions: the isolation and identification of individual peptides (1) and the preparation of zinc complexes of protein hydrolysates (2). Both approaches are primarily aimed at developing effective mineral supplements, although some work on the second approach is also related to nutrition and therapy. Because zinc–protein hydrolysate complexes are nonstandardized mixtures of peptides, their biological activity mechanisms can be difficult to study. Therefore, it is important to focus more research on the biological activity of individual zinc-binding complexes and their zinc complexes. This work reviewed recent advances in isolating and identifying zinc-binding peptides from food sources, preparing protein hydrolysate–zinc complexes, and their biological activities. The established sequences of zinc-binding peptides have been compiled into a table to review their amino-acid composition and sequence. We also highlighted approaches for isolating and determining the zinc-binding capacity of peptides in this class. The structural features of peptides affecting their zinc-binding property were discussed in one section.  相似文献   

17.
为了提高黄粉虫抗菌肽基因tmAMP1m在大肠杆菌中的表达量,研究了培养温度、诱导时间及IPTG浓度等不同条件对HIS-TmAMP1m融合蛋白表达量和活性的影响。通过Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析确定最佳表达条件,同时,通过琼脂孔穴扩散法检测其抑菌活性。结果表明,含有重组质粒的大肠杆菌在37℃,使用终浓度为0.1 mmol/L IPTG培养4 h时,融合蛋白表达量较高,可占细菌总蛋白40%以上,抗菌活性最好。用Ni2+亲和层析纯化获得较纯的融合蛋白,Western blotting分析表明其能与His单克隆抗体起特异性反应。诱导表达的融合蛋白对宿主菌生长产生一定程度抑制。融合蛋白经100℃煮沸10 h,在20℃反复冻融10次,与强酸强碱缓冲液、不同的有机溶剂和蛋白酶混合后都具有极强的稳定性,仍然表现出良好的抗菌活性。此外,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定结果表明,融合蛋白对5种菌具有良好的抗菌活性。研究结果为昆虫抗菌肽推广应用和进一步研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

18.
Syntheses are described of the nociceptin (1–13) amide [NC(1–13)-NH2] and of several analogues in which either one or both the phenylalanine residues (positions 1 and 4), the arginine residues (positions 8 and 12) and the alanine residues (positions 7 and 11) have been replaced by N-benzyl-glycine, N-(3-guanidino-propyl)-glycine and β-alanine, respectively. The preparation is also described of NC(1–13)-NH2 analogues in which either galactose or N-acetyl-galactosamine are β-O-glycosidically linked to Thr5 and/or to Ser10. Preliminary pharmacological experiments on mouse vas deferens preparations showed that Phe4, Thr5, Ala7 and Arg8 are crucial residues for OP4 receptor activation. Manipulation of Phe1 yielded peptides endowed with antagonist activity but [Nphe1] NC(1–13)-NH2 acted as an antagonist still possessing weak agonist activity. Introduction of the βAla residue either in position 7 or 11 of the [Nphe1] NC(1–13)-NH2 sequence, abolished any residual agonist activity and [Nphe1, βAla7] NC(1–13)-NH2 and [Nphe1, βAla11] NC(1–13)-NH2 acted as competitive antagonists only. Modification of both Ala7 and Ala11 abolished the antagonist activity of [Nphe1]NC(1–13)-NH2 probably by hindering receptor binding. Changes at positions 10 and 11 gave analogues still possessing agonist activity. [Ser(βGal)10] NC(1–13)-NH2 displayed an activity comparable with that of NC(1–13)-NH2, [Ser(βGalNAc)10] NC(1–13)-NH2 and [βAla11] NC(1–13)-NH2 were five and 10 times less active, respectively.The α-amino acid residues are of the l-configuration. Standard abbreviations for amino acid derivatives and peptides are according to the suggestions of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomeclature (1984), Eur. J. Biochem. 138, 9–37. Abbreviations listed in the guide published in (2003), J. Peptide Sci. 9, 1–8 are used without explanation.  相似文献   

19.
家蝇幼虫分泌物抗菌肽的生化特性初步研究   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
研究了不同温度、蛋白酶及反复冻溶对家蝇 Musca domestica 幼虫活体浸泡法获得的分泌物抗菌肽抗菌活性的影响;并检测其凝血效应;试管稀释法测定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC);SDS-PAGE分析其分子量范围。结果表明,该抗菌肽具有较强的热稳定性、酶稳定性及较强抗菌活性的特性,无凝血作用。对大肠埃希菌的最低抑菌浓度为37 μg/mL、最低杀菌浓度为75 μg/mL;分子量约10 kD。  相似文献   

20.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in 0.9 kg human brain was extracted by 2% trifluoroacetic acid at 4 degrees C. Sephadex G50 gel filtration of crude extract revealed one main molecular form of CCK, detected by a carboxy-terminal antibody (5135), that eluted in the position of CCK8. When the CCK-LI in the extract was purified by affinity chromatography using another carboxyl-terminal CCK antibody followed by several steps of reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), a component was isolated that was found by sequence analysis to be identical to the carboxyl-terminal CCK-octapeptide of porcine CCK33, isolated from intestinal mucosa, and to CCK-octapeptide, isolated from sheep brain. This component possessed comparable biological potencies to synthetic sulfated CCK8 in eliciting amylase release and in competitively displacing radioiodinated CCK33 from isolated mouse pancreatic acini. Furthermore, it exhibited a similar binding characteristic to CCK8 in binding to specific receptors on mouse brain cortical particulate preparations. On high pressure liquid chromatography another minor, earlier eluting immunoreactive peak was observed, which had the same amino acid composition and sequence as CCK8. These findings suggested that this material was oxidized CCK8. This earlier eluting component, exhibiting CCK8-like immunoreactivity, did not induce amylase release from acini and had no or minimal effect in inhibiting tracer CCK33 binding to receptors on isolated acini or on mouse brain cortical particulate preparations at the concentrations tested.  相似文献   

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