金樱子提取液体外抗氧化作用研究

目的:探讨金樱子(Rosa Laevigata Mickx.,RLM)提取液的体外抗氧化活性,以更好的评估金樱子的作用。方法:通过体外实验研究金樱子提取液对羟自由基(-OH)、超氧阴离子(O2-)的清除作用;研究金樱子水提取液对正常大鼠肝、肾组织匀浆脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)生成的影响以及金樱子水提取液对过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导的红细胞氧化溶血的保护作用。结果:金樱子提取液清除-OH及O2-作用呈现出明显的剂量依赖性,可显著抑制大鼠离体肝、肾组织中MDA的生成,还可以明显抑制H2O2诱导的大鼠红细胞氧化性溶血。结论:金樱子提取液体外具有明显的抗氧化活性。     

皖西大别山区金樱子野生资源贮备量的调查研究

本文采用不同地段金樱子多度调查,样方调查等方法,对皖西大别山区野生金樱子的资源储备量作了调查研究,提出了该区金樱子年产量的计算方法,并对金樱子的进一步开发提出建议。     

金樱子多糖单糖组成的TMS柱前衍生化/GC-MS研究

探讨金樱子多糖的含量及其单糖组成,为金樱子质量评价及临床用药提供参考依据。本文采用水提-醇沉法获得金樱子多糖,以葡萄糖为标准品,蒽酮-硫酸比色法测定多糖含量;多糖酸解后经三甲基硅烷(TMS)衍生化,以标准品单糖为对照,采用气-质联用法(GC-MS)测定多糖的单糖组成。结果表明,本实验条件下,测得金樱子多糖提取得率为29.38%;金樱子多糖中单糖由阿拉伯糖、鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖组成,其中葡萄糖、甘露糖、果糖和半乳糖在金樱子多糖中占比较大,分别为65.03%、7.36%、16.11%及8.87%。     

金樱子资源的开发利用

金樱子资源的开发利用顾志平,张曙明,刘东（中国医学科学院药用植物资源开发研究所北京１０００９４）金樱子（ＢｏｓａｌｅａｖｉｇａｔａＭｉｃｈｘ．）是蔷薇科蔷薇属植物,果富含维生素,民间早有食用习惯,亦为我国较常用的中药,历史悠久,现代研究表明,金樱子有...     

金樱子对糖尿病大鼠肾MCP-1表达的影响

目的:研究金樱子对糖尿病大鼠单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)表达的影响.方法:用STZ腹腔注射诱导建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型后,随机分为糖尿病模型组和金樱子干预组,同时另设正常对照组和金樱子对照组.测定大鼠血糖、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、24小时尿蛋白.HE染色观察肾组织病理改变、免疫组织化学、Western blot检测各组肾组织MCP-1表达情况.结果:金樱子能明显改善肾功能,降低实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖、血肌酐、血尿素氮、胆固醇、甘油三酯、24小时尿蛋白定量.形态学观察,糖尿病大鼠在金樱子干预后,肾小球硬化指数与肾小管损伤指数明显减小.免疫组织化学和Western bolt分析显示,MCP-1蛋白表达在糖尿病模型组中显著增强,而在金樱子干预组的表达显著减弱(P＜0.05),但仍较正常对照组蛋白表达升高.结论:金樱子对糖尿病肾病具有防治作用,其机制可能与降低MCP-1表达有关.     

金樱子提取物中多糖的体外抗肿瘤活性研究

多糖是药用植物金樱子所含有的数种主要生物活性物质之一,其具有多种生物活性,厘清该成分的作用效应具有重要意义。本文通过将黔产金樱子制备为金樱子粉末、分离纯化得到活性成分金樱子多糖;采用磺酰罗丹明染色法测定其对人肝癌细胞BEL-7402以及人正常肝细胞HL-7702增殖的影响并比较。发现金樱子提取物中所存在的多糖类化合物对体外培养的人肝癌细胞BEL-7402的增殖具有一定抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度为(12.43±1.95)μmol/L;且对体外培养的人正常肝细胞HL-7702的毒性较低,其半数抑制浓度为(31.04±3.68)μmol/L。初步证明金樱子提取物中含有的多糖类化合物具有一定的体外抗肿瘤活性,作为低毒性的天然提取物,具有广阔的抗肿瘤前景。     

金樱子茎提取物体外抑菌活性研究

采用纸片扩散法和试管稀释法,研究金樱子茎不同溶剂粗提取物对临床常见病原细菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,金樱子茎水提取物对绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对伤寒杆菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为20 mg（生药）/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎75%乙醇提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性;对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC为10 mg（生药）/mL。金樱子茎乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚提取物对绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌无抑菌活性。     

金樱子提取液对糖尿病肾病大鼠的肾脏保护作用

目的:研究金樱子提取液对糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy,DN)大鼠的肾脏保护作用。方法:在高糖高脂饲料喂食SD(Sprague-Dawley)大白鼠的基础上腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,随机分为糖尿病肾病模型组(DN组)和金樱子治疗组(DN+RLM组),同时另设正常对照组(NC组)和金樱子对照组(NC+RLM组)。检测金樱子提取液对各组大鼠血糖(fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated haemoglobin,GHb)、24小时尿微量白蛋白和尿量、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及肾脏结构的影响。结果:与DN大鼠相比,糖尿病肾病大鼠经金樱子提取液治疗后,大鼠FBG、GHb水平、24 h尿微量白蛋白、24 h尿量、肾脏指数明显降低,血脂紊乱、肾功能损害以及DN肾脏病理明显改善,且无明显副作用。结论:金樱子提取液可明显降低DN大鼠血糖,改善DN大鼠血脂、肾功能紊乱及肾脏病理变化,对糖尿病大鼠肾脏具有较强的保护作用。     

金樱子多糖的抑菌和抗炎作用研究

研究了金樱子多糖的抗菌活性和抗炎作用。实验表明:金樱子多糖具有一定的抑菌活性,如对大肠杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、白葡萄球菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌等均有较强的抑制作用;能抑制二甲苯引起小鼠的耳肿胀,与NS组比较有明显差异(P<0.01),具有一定的抗炎作用。     

金樱子多糖的分离纯化及组成分析

对金樱子多糖的分离纯化方法作了探讨,筛选出较佳的工艺条件,通过紫外分光光度法,红外光谱以及气相色谱法分别对金樱子多糖纯品LP2的纯度,分子构型,单糖组成进行了分析;并通过了DEAE-纤维素（氯型）柱层析得一葡聚糖。     

Implementing code review in the scientific workflow: Insights from ecology and evolutionary biology

Code review increases reliability and improves reproducibility of research. As such, code review is an inevitable step in software development and is common in fields such as computer science. However, despite its importance, code review is noticeably lacking in ecology and evolutionary biology. This is problematic as it facilitates the propagation of coding errors and a reduction in reproducibility and reliability of published results. To address this, we provide a detailed commentary on how to effectively review code, how to set up your project to enable this form of review and detail its possible implementation at several stages throughout the research process. This guide serves as a primer for code review, and adoption of the principles and advice here will go a long way in promoting more open, reliable, and transparent ecology and evolutionary biology.     

Conservation analysis in biochemical networks: computational issues for software writers

Large scale genomic studies are generating significant amounts of data on the structure of cellular networks. This is in contrast to kinetic data, which is frequently absent, unreliable or fragmentary. There is, therefore, a desire by many in the community to investigate the potential rewards of analyzing the more readily available topological data. This brief review is concerned with a particular property of biological networks, namely structural conservations (e.g. moiety conserved cycles). There has been much discussion in the literature on these cycles but a review on the computational issues related to conserved cycles has been missing. This review is concerned with the detection and characterization of conservation relations in arbitrary networks and related issues, which impinge on simulation simulation software writers. This review will not address flux balance constraints or small-world type analyses in any significant detail.     

Principles and practice in ethical review of animal experiments across Europe: summary of the report of a FELASA working group on ethical evaluation of animal experiments

This paper summarizes a more detailed report produced by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA 2005), which describes and explores a set of principles for the conduct of ethical review of laboratory animal use. It presents a synopsis of results from a questionnaire that elicited information on how each of 20 countries represented in FELASA currently approaches such ethical review. This information suggests that, although local practices differ, there is an emerging consensus on the key elements that any ethical review process should involve. Drawing on the questionnaire findings, this summary also includes a brief discussion to support and amplify a series of recommendations, covering the objectives of ethical review; legal requirements; the scope of work reviewed and the 'level' at which review is approached; general principles for the organization of ethical review processes; the factors considered in the review; needs for ongoing review after initial authorization; participants in the review process; wider impacts of the review process; and strategies that can help to ensure quality and consistency of review outcomes. For further information and examples of current practice, as well as more detailed discussion to support the recommendations, readers are urged to refer to the complete report, available at http://www.lal.org.uk/pdffiles/FELASA_ethics_FULL_Report. pdf or via: http://www.felasa.eu/recommendations.htm.     

What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental,Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice: Summary from a Pennington Scientific Symposium

This review details the proceedings of a Pennington Biomedical scientific symposium titled, “What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice.” The symposium was designed to review the literature about energy homeostasis, particularly related to food choice and feeding behaviors, from psychology to physiology. This review discusses the intrinsic determinants of food choice, including biological mechanisms (genetics), peripheral and central signals, brain correlates, and the potential role of the microbiome. This review also address the extrinsic determinants (environment) of food choice within our physical and social environments. Finally, this review reports the current treatment practices for the clinical management of eating‐induced overweight and obesity. An improved understanding of these determinants will inform best practices for the clinical treatment and prevention of obesity. Strategies paired with systemic shifts in our public health policies and changes in our “obesogenic” environment will be most effective at attenuating the obesity epidemic.     

Note on the critical review of the study “Life Cycle Assessment for the different used tyres recycling methods” prepared for Aliapur by Ecobilan

This note describes the “a posteriori” critical review process of a large Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study. This LCA study covered nine different recycling options of used tyres. The review was conducted by an international and multipartite seven-member review panel. It should be noted that the preliminary administrative tasks took more time than expected. After that, it took about 4 months from the distribution of the preliminary LCA report to the editing of the final, approved, critical review report. About 140 questions or comments were answered, which contributed to the improvement of the LCA report concerning methodology, data quality and clarity aspects, and to highlighting some research directions.     

Progress of a half century in the study of the Luria-Delbrück distribution

The Luria-Delbrück mutation model has been mathematically formulated in a number of ways. This review article examines four most important formulations, focusing on important practical issues closely linked with the distribution of the number of mutants. These issues include the probability generating functions, moments (cumulants), computational methods and asymptotics. This review emphasizes basic principles which not only help to unify existing results but also allow for a few useful extensions. In addition, the review offers a historical perspective and some new explanations of divergent moments.     

Review on antibacterial characteristics of bridge engineering biomaterials

This review summarizes the research on timber construction materials used in bridge construction. It focuses on the application of antiseptic treatments and the use of timber engineering materials in decks and bridges. This review also provides an overview on the future research and prospects of engineered timber materials.     

毕赤酵母表达系统发展概况及趋势

毕赤酵母经过20多年的发展,在实验室和工业规模都取得了广泛的应用。文中从工业技术应用的角度,综述了近年来毕赤酵母在蛋白表达、遗传操作方法以及化学品生产方面取得的成果,同时对毕赤酵母系统存在的问题以及未来的研究方向进行了分析和展望。     

Rationale for the potential use of calcitonin in osteoarthritis

This review provides evidence that osteoarthritis (OA) or a major subset of OA is not only a disease of cartilage but also a disorder of subchondral bone. This review also discusses the potential efficacy of a bone and cartilage active agent, calcitonin, and discusses how calcitonin might be useful in the pharmaceutical treatment of OA.     

Aspects of audit. 1. The background.

Methods of reviewing health care already exist in Britain, but the debate continues about how practical and acceptable such a review is. The many different terms used to describe review only confuse the issue. "Audit" is a useful term for describing the review of medical work by medical people. This can be divided into "internal audit," or peer review, and "external audit"--that is, review by organisations outside hospital and general practice. The concepts of internal and external audit have a great impact upon the attitudes held by the medical profession about audit. The shortcomings of audit by the professional standards review organisations in the United States are not inevitable in Britian.