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1.
杜仲花粉离体萌发特征及花粉管微丝骨架分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以干燥的杜仲成熟花粉为材料,对杜仲花粉离体萌发的适宜液体培养基配方进行了筛选,并对花粉萌发特征及花粉管微丝骨架分布规律进行了研究。结果表明:(1)适宜杜仲花粉离体萌发的液体培养基组成为200g/L蔗糖+30mg/L硼酸+10mg/L Ca(NO3)2,于26℃条件下离体培养18h的花粉萌发率可达46.29%±3.75%。(2)在适宜液体培养条件下,杜仲花粉萌发率在培养6h内急剧增长,随后趋于平稳;而花粉管在培养8h内伸长较快,之后有放缓趋势,至培养48h时,花粉管长度可达363.14±30.51μm。(3)杜仲花粉属于2胞花粉,花粉萌发过程中,营养核和生殖核的移动存在一定的时序性,通常营养核先于生殖核进入到花粉管;杜仲花粉生殖核的有丝分裂发生在花粉管中,离体培养12h可逐渐观察到有丝分裂行为。(4)花粉萌发过程,微丝骨架形成束状,与花粉管伸长方向平行排布,与较为稀疏的网状微丝阵列组成连续系统,引导细胞核的运动。  相似文献   

2.
本试验以百合幼胚作为外植体,进行离体胚培养,观察胚的萌发和生长情况,筛选出适合百合种胚萌发、继代、生根的培养基。结果表明,最适合百合离体胚萌发及生长的培养基为MS+BA0.1mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L;最适合增殖的继代培养基为MS+NAA0.01mg/L+BA0.25mg/L;在培养基1/2MS+NAA0.05mg/L中,绝大部分的幼苗均可正常生根,对移栽后的成活株数进行了调查,移栽成活率可达到90%以上。  相似文献   

3.
光皮桦花粉离体萌发试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
设置若干温度的培养环境以及各种浓度蔗糖、蔗糖+硼酸、蔗糖+硝酸钙、蔗糖+硼酸+硝酸钙培养基,研究温度以及蔗糖、硼、钙对光皮桦花粉离体萌发的影响,探明光皮桦花粉萌发的适宜温度和最佳培养基。结果表明:合适浓度的蔗糖、硼酸和硝酸钙均能显著促进光皮桦花粉萌发,而高浓度的蔗糖、硼和钙均抑制其花粉萌发;光皮桦花粉离体萌发的合适培养基为10%蔗糖+200mg.L-1硼酸+200mg.L-1硝酸钙,适宜培养温度为30℃;在此条件下培养4h后花粉萌发率基本稳定,培养6h后花粉管长度亦趋于稳定。  相似文献   

4.
梅花花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长研究   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
赵宏波  房伟民  陈发棣   《广西植物》2007,27(3):393-396,425
(南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210095)摘要:研究培养基成分、pH值和培养方式对梅花花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:不同品种梅花花粉离体萌发的最适培养基为ME3+200g.L-1PEG4000(pH5.0),品种‘淡丰后’、‘久观绿萼’、‘喧妍宫粉’和‘月光玉蝶’最高萌发率可分别达到58.6%、60.6%、85.6%和50.7%。PEG4000能显著促进梅花花粉萌发,在培养基各成分中作用最大,不可替代。低浓度(50g.L-1)蔗糖对梅花品种花粉萌发作用不显著,而高浓度(≥100g.L-1)蔗糖明显抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长。固体和液体培养对梅花花粉离体萌发的影响差异不显著。  相似文献   

5.
楸树等4种梓属树种花粉离体培养条件的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为筛选出楸树(Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey. )等4个树种花粉离体培养的适宜条件,以花粉萌发率和花粉管长度为指标,研究了培养时间、培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对2个楸树花粉样品(CB-1和CB-2)及滇楸[C. fargesii Bur. f. duclouxii (Dode) Gilmour]、黄金树[C. speciosa (Warder ex Barney)Engelmann]和梓树(C. ovata G. Don)花粉离体萌发的影响.实验结果显示,不同培养时间对楸树的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有极显著影响,培养至6 h时花粉萌发率最高(91.0%),培养至6~7 h时花粉管长度达到最长,最适培养时间为6 h.培养温度、液体培养基pH值、蔗糖浓度和PEG-4000浓度对4个树种花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有明显影响.在19 ℃~36 ℃范围内,较低或较高的培养温度均对花粉萌发有一定的抑制作用,适宜各树种花粉离体萌发的培养温度为24 ℃~28 ℃;供试的4个树种花粉适宜在弱酸性环境下萌发和生长,适宜的液体培养基pH值为5.0~5.6;在蔗糖浓度为15~25 g·L-1的液体培养基中,花粉萌发率及花粉管长度均达到最大值;液体培养基中添加不同浓度PEG-4000,在较短的培养时间(3 h)内明显抑制花粉萌发和花粉管生长,但培养时间延长至6 h,添加5~25 g·L-1 PEG-4000对花粉萌发有一定促进作用,适宜的PEG-4000浓度为20 g·L-1.结果表明,不同树种甚至同一树种不同种源适宜的花粉离体培养条件有一定的差异,应根据种类或种源进行适当的调整.  相似文献   

6.
果梅花粉离体萌发及花粉管生长特性研究   总被引:18,自引:3,他引:15  
研究了果梅(Prunus mumeSieb.1et Zucc.)花粉在不同培养基组分、花粉不同培养密度和不同温度及培养时间的离体萌发和花粉管生长特性.结果表明:细叶青花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的液体培养基为30mmol/L MES(pH 6.5)缓冲液中含20%蔗糖,0.01%硼酸,20%PEG-4000,0.03?(NO3)2?4H2O,0.02%Mg-SO4?7H2O;萌发率达45.03%,花粉管长度达597.2μm.适宜于果梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的花粉粒密度为20~80粒/μL.培养温度过高或过低都不利于果梅花粉的萌发和生长,25℃时花粉萌发和花粉管生长最好.细叶青"、月世界"、莺宿"3个品种的平均萌发率为48.6%,平均花粉管长度为762.3μm.果梅花粉在不同培养温度下,萌发及生长不同,在25℃条件下花粉管生长速度最快,集中在0~12 h内,3个品种花粉管平均生长速度为58.5μm/h.  相似文献   

7.
梓树属花粉生活力的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以梓树属楸树组3种楸树花粉为试材,采用固体培养基法进行离体培养,研究不同浓度蔗糖、硼酸对花粉萌发的影响,以确定最适宜培养基条件下最佳的培养时间.结果表明,3个种花粉的最佳离体萌发条件一致.培养基中含有20%的蔗糖、0.005%的硼酸时较适合3种楸树花粉萌发,楸树、灰楸和滇楸萌发率分别为28.34%、12.24%和60.22%;3个种的花粉最佳培养时间均为6 h;不同重复数之间萌发率差异不显著,以3个重复为宜.花粉种内单株之间萌发率差异显著,且滇楸花粉萌发率明显高于楸树和灰楸.  相似文献   

8.
采用液体培养法研究不同培养基组分和培养条件对蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:(1)PEG-4000是蜡梅花粉离体培养所必需的培养基成分,当培养基中无PEG-4000时,花粉不能正常萌发。(2)培养基内低浓度蔗糖对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长无显著影响,但随着蔗糖浓度的升高,则对花粉萌发和花粉管生长表现出强烈的抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制效应越强。(3)培养基内其它组分分别在一定浓度范围(0~250g/L PEG-4000、0~50mg/L硼酸、0~30mg/L硝酸钙)内对花粉萌发及花粉管生长有促进作用,但超过上述高限值时则起抑制作用。(4)培养基内镁和钾的浓度对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著。研究表明,蜡梅最适花粉液体培养基组分为250g/L PEG-4000+50mg/L H3BO3+30mg/L Ca(NO3)2.4H2O,且在pH 5.5、温度15℃和600lx的光照培养条件下蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长最佳。  相似文献   

9.
桔梗花粉萌发与花粉管生长研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以2年生桔梗植株为材料,采用液体培养法研究了培养基种类、PEG、蔗糖、pH以及培养温度、培养时间对桔梗花粉离体萌发生长的影响,结果表明:(1)浓度为100~150 g.L-1的PEG可显著促进桔梗花粉萌发和花粉管的生长;200~250 g.L-1PEG显著促进花粉萌发,但对花粉管生长的作用不显著。(2)100 g.L-1的蔗糖有利于花粉萌发和花粉管生长,高浓度蔗糖(200 g.L-1)有明显抑制作用;(3)桔梗花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的适宜培养基为ME3+BK+10%蔗糖+150 g.L-1PEG(pH5.8);(4)25~40℃条件下桔梗花粉均可较好萌发,以30℃培养1.5 h为最佳培养条件。  相似文献   

10.
以含笑(Michelia figo)花粉为试验材料,采用花粉人工培养法研究了含笑花粉离体萌发的最适条件。结果表明:蔗糖、硼酸在一定浓度范围内能促进花粉萌发,含笑花粉萌发的最适蔗糖和硼酸分别为50 mg.L-1和5mg.L-1,萌发率分别为21.51%和44.14%;花粉最佳萌发温度为25℃,萌发率达53.33%。正交试验设计结果表明,花粉萌发的最佳组合为70 mg.L-1蔗糖+5 mg.L-1硼酸+28℃,萌发率可达65.33%。  相似文献   

11.
Microspores cultured in vitro can be regarded as a system to study gene regulation, cell fate determination and cell differentiation during pollen development as well as an alternative method of genetic transformation in plants. In our study, pollen development and viability in Orychophragmus violaceus in vivo were determined and then pollen from the late unicellular stage was cultured in vitro. MS liquid medium + White vitamins + 2% (V/V) coconut milk + 0.5 M maltose, pH = 7.0 was the most appropriate for in vitro culture of Orychophragmus violaceus microspores. With this medium, the rates of in maturation and germination were 19.3% and 4.7%, respectively. Liquid medium with 0.6 M maltose + 1.6 mM boric acid + 2.9 mM Ca(NO3)2 + 29.6 μM vitamin B1, pH = 7.0 was optimal for germination of pollen matured in vivo. The rate of germination was 70.7%. Pollen matured in vitro cultured in similar medium exhibited a rate of germination of 62.7%. Hence, the experimental study showed that in vitro maturation of microspores is feasible and this experimental system can be applied to further theoretical and practical research.  相似文献   

12.
甘蓝型油菜与蔊菜的原生质体融合与植株再生   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以甘蓝型油菜下胚轴和蔊菜叶片为外植体提取原生质体, 采用PEG-高pH、高Ca2+附加DMSO的原生质体融合方法, 用液体浅层静置培养融合体, 获得了10株融合杂种, 观察了杂种形态学和细胞学。结果表明:1%纤维素酶+0.2%离析酶+3 mmol/L MES 酶解14 h 可获得较高产率的油菜原生质体, 0.25% 纤维素酶+0.5%离析酶+5 mmol/L MES酶解12 h可获得较高产率的蔊菜原生质体; 30% PEG + 0.3 mol/L葡萄糖+50 mmol/L CaCl2•2H2O +15%DMSO的融合条件下, 获得了10.4%的融合率; 实验所获的原生质体融合材料可作为新种质。  相似文献   

13.
A study of the effects of different steroids on germination and tube growth of tobacco pollen (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petit Havana SR1) matured in vitro is presented. Application of the mammalian steroid sex hormones (testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol) resulted in a stimulation of pollen germination and tube elongation. The presence of both steroids and flavonols in the germination medium strongly enhanced the growth of tobacco male gametophytes.  相似文献   

14.
Pollen is an important vector of gene flow in plants, particularly for outcrossing species like tall fescue. Several aspects of pollination biology were investigated using pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic plants of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the most important forage species worldwide of the Festuca genus. To effectively assess in vitro pollen viability in tall fescue, an optimized germination medium (0.8 mol/L sucrose, 1.28 mmol/L boric acid and 1.27 mmol/L calcium nitrate) was developed. Treatment with relatively high temperatures (36° and 40°C) and high doses of UV-B irradiation (900-1500 μW/cm(2)) reduced pollen viability, while relative humidity did not significantly influence pollen viability. Viability of pollen from transgenic progenies (T1 and T2) was similar to that from seed-derived control plants. Pollen from primary transgenics (T0) and primary regenerants (R0) had various levels of viability. Hand pollination using the primary regenerants and transgenics revealed that no seed set could be obtained when pollen viability was lower than 5%. Pollen from transgenic progenies and nontransgenic control plants could survive up to 22 h under controlled conditions in growth chamber. However, under sunny atmospheric conditions, viability of transgenic and nontransgenic pollen reduced to 5% in 30 min, with a complete loss of viability in 90 min. Under cloudy atmospheric conditions, pollen remained viable up to 240 min, with about 5% viability after 150 min. This report is the first on pollen viability and longevity in transgenic forage grasses and could be useful for risk assessment of transgenic plants.  相似文献   

15.
油菜3个栽培种发芽期耐盐性评价   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
对油菜种质资源进行耐盐性评价是培育耐盐油菜品种的基础性工作。本研究在室内分别采用3种盐(NaCl)浓度(86 mmol/L、170 mmol/L、256 mmol/L)对芥菜型油菜(Brassica juncea)、白菜型油菜(B.rapa)和甘蓝型油菜(B.napus)等3个栽培种的203份种质资源进行盐胁迫,结果表明盐胁迫对各栽培种的发芽率有不同程度抑制作用,白菜型油菜表现最好,甘蓝型油菜次之,芥菜型油菜最差。基于发芽率筛选出14份优异种质。进一步利用梯度浓度盐(NaCl)溶液对其进行胁迫,发现各栽培种发芽率均随着盐浓度的升高呈下降趋势,符合Boltzmann曲线,但白菜型油菜下降最为缓慢。通过比较盐胁迫下各栽培种6个性状值(胚轴长、根长、总鲜重、地上部分鲜重、总叶绿素含量和电导率)后发现,白菜型油菜发芽期耐盐性优于甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜。对170 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下14份种质各性状值的主成分分析表明,白菜型油菜Br2、甘蓝型油菜Bn1和Bn3为最耐盐种质,可用于耐盐油菜品种的培育。  相似文献   

16.
A simple, reliable medium for pollen germination of Cajanus cajan was developed by modifying Brewbaker and Kwack (BK) medium. Past attempts of C. cajan pollen germination in artificial media were not successful. A medium containing polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) showed more than 90% germination for C. cajan var. Pusa 33 only when the young buds (36 h before anthesis) were kept in pollen germination medium (PGM) for 36 h before pollen extraction. Supplementation of PGM with epsilon-amino caproic acid (EACA), an amino acid, showed improved pollen germination in Pusa 33 and also helped to avoid preconditioning of young buds before pollen extraction. It was also observed that there is a genotypic difference in the level of EACA required for in vitro pollen germination. Thus a complete medium for C. cajan genotypes consists of 37.5% sucrose+ 15% PEG 4000+250 mg l(-1) boric acid+300 mg l(-1) calcium nitrate+100 mg l(-1) potassium nitrate+ 200 mg l(-1) magnesium sulphate+1% agar+EACA (0, 100, 250, 500, 750 or 1000 mg l(-1)).  相似文献   

17.
Summary Two spring wheat genotypes (cv Orofen and Chinese Spring) were compared for their in vitro pollen maturation capacity in detached spikelet cultures in a defined solid medium. Under these in vitro conditions Chinese Spring produced normal trinucleate pollen in 66.8% and Orofen in only 37.5%. In both cultivars the pollen maturation process from the middle uninucleate stage took approximately 3 days longer in vitro than in vivo. The pollen maturation time depended on the microspore developmental stage at the time that the culturing started. The viability, germination capacity, and fertilizing ability of the in vitro matured pollen also differed between the two genotypes. The seed set achieved in vitro (averagely 12.8%) offers promise for the practical application of this method for producing controlled or selected offspring.  相似文献   

18.
Freshly released pollen of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) was incubated under various culture conditions until germination was achieved. Optimal conditions for germination were determined and used for maturation of unicellular microspores in vitro. Staining with 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, propidium iodide and iodine potassium iodide was used to assess pollen viability, nuclear phase and maturation, respectively. The germination rate was highest when fresh pollen was agitated at 40 rpm in Petri dishes containing a liquid medium consisting of Brewbaker and Kwack salts, 15% (w/v) sucrose, 500 mg/l MES sodium salt, at pH 5.0; germination reached nearly 70% after only 1 h in culture. Under these conditions, and with addition of 200 mg/l glutamine, 260 mg/l cytidine and 500 mg/l uridine, uninucleate microspores developed into mature pollen at a 12% germination rate. Our report is the first demonstration of maturation of S. nigra microspores in vitro.  相似文献   

19.
沙田柚花柱蛋白对花粉管生长的影响   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
陈腾土  杨小华  薛妙男   《广西植物》1998,18(2):160-164
本文以沙田柚及其授粉树种酸柚为材料,对其花粉在不同培养介质中的萌发率进行测定,筛选了02~04mol/L聚乙二醇-400(PEG-400)+001%硼酸作为花粉萌发介质。用授粉后3d的花柱提取液进行沙田柚、酸柚花粉萌发抑制实验,花柱提取液对自交花粉萌发无抑制作用,明显地抑制花粉管的生长。其中以花柱提取液的35%饱和度硫酸铵级分对花粉管伸长的抑制最明显。模拟了花粉在雌蕊中的生长方式,进行花粉萌发生长,能收集到较多的花粉管,为研究花粉管的S-糖蛋白提供了材料。  相似文献   

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