rh-GH在促进大鼠创面愈合中的作用研究

目的:通过在大鼠背部创面周围局部注射rh-GH(重组人生长激素,Recombinant Human Growth Hormone)来调控创面局部GH(生长激素,Growth Factor)水平,观察GH在创面愈合中的作用,并对其可能机制进行进一步研究。方法:在SD大鼠背部制作创面,创周定期注射不同浓度rh-GH,观察并分析创面愈合速度差异;选取rh-GH的最适浓度进行创周注射并定期取材,以Western-Blot检测创周组织中GH蛋白水平,并以RT-PCR检测创周组织中EGF(表皮生长因子,Epidermal Growth Factor)、FGF(成纤维细胞生长因子,Fibroblast Growth Factor)、VEGF(血管内皮细胞生长因子,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)的表达变化。结果:三个注射不同剂量rh-Gh的实验组大鼠创面平均愈合时间由快至慢依次为16.5±1.5天、17.1±2.9天、18.5±1.5天,与注射生理盐水的对照组平均愈合时间21.7±2.3天相比均明显增快,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。创缘组织中GH的Western-Blot结果显示对照组GH水平在创面形成初期升高,但伤后4天开始GH表达水平即逐渐下降,而rh-GH注射组的GH水平在创面形成后逐渐升高,并维持GH在高表达水平。检测创周组织中EGF、FGF、VEGF的RNA转录水平,PCR结果显示实验组各生长因子的基因转录水平在伤后2天起即明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:1.创伤初期创面周围组织中GH表达水平呈现一过性升高然后逐渐下降的过程;2.创面周围注射rh-GH可以提高组织中GH水平,并减少创面愈合时间;3.GH可以提高皮肤组织中EGF、FGF、VEGF水平,间接促进创面上皮化,加快创面愈合。     

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ与生长激素的关系

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ与生长激素的关系邹仕庚盛爱武高峰（南京农业大学动物科技学院,２１００９５）１９５７年,Ｓａｌｍａｎ和Ｄａｕｇｈａｄａｙ发现正常大鼠血清能促进３５Ｓ进入培养的软骨细胞,而切除垂体的大鼠血清缺乏对这种硫化过程的促进作用。给切除垂体的大鼠...     

基因治疗在慢性难愈创面的应用进展

众多疾病和创伤都会带来损伤创面的难愈问题,慢性难愈创面的长期存在不仅增加了局部感染的机会,而且大大影响了局部组织的结构和功能。基因治疗作为一种新的生物治疗方法,其相关理论和技术近来日臻完善,为慢性难愈创面的治疗提供了新的技术途径,有望带来突破性的治疗效果。     

生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子1与阿尔茨海默病

生长激素／胰岛素样生长因子-1（GH／IGF-1）轴的合成、分泌、调节及生物学活性与阿尔茨海默病（AD）有密切关系。生长激素（GH）的合成和分泌受生长激素释放激素（GHRH）正向调节。GH／IGF-1轴活性下降导致一系列生理功能变化。GH／IGF-1缺乏可引起衰老及神经退行性变（AD）而导致认知功能的下降,相应激素的补给可以抑制或逆转这种认知障碍。越来越多的证据表明：GH／IGF-1参与AD型痴呆病理过程,对AD有很好的治疗应用前景。本文就生长激素／胰岛素样生长因子1在AD发病中的机理和药理学研究做一综述。     

重组生长激素对猪生长激素受体和胰岛素样生长因子1基因表达及血清瘦蛋白水平的影响

16头长白×大约克去势公猪, 随机分成试验组和对照组, 每天注射重组猪生长激素(rpGH, 每头每天4 mg) 或生理盐水, 28 d后采样. 用RIA法测定血清中胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-Ⅰ)和瘦蛋白含量, 用反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法, 以18S rRNA作内标, 定量分析肝脏、肌肉生长激素受体 (GHR) 和IGF-ⅠmRNA的相对丰度.结果显示: (ⅰ) 试验组平均日增重提高26.1% ( P <0.05); (ⅱ)血清IGF-Ⅰ水平提高70.94% (P<0.01), 血清瘦蛋白降低34.80%(P<0.01); (ⅲ) 肝脏GHR mRNA增加24.45% (P < 0.05), IGF-ⅠmRNA增加45.30% (P<0.01), 背最长肌GHR和IGF-Ⅰ mRNA表达无明显变化. 结果表明, 重组猪生长激素能明显提高生长猪生长性能. 上调肝脏GHR, 促进肝脏产生IGF-Ⅰ, 而对肌肉GHR和IGF-I基因表达无影响, 提示重组GH对基因表达的影响有组织特异性.     

创面愈合过程中EGFr基因表达的研究

应用原位分子杂交技术观测了大鼠创面愈合过程中表皮生长因于受体(Epidermalgrowth factor receptor,EGFr)的信使核糖核酸(mRNA)表达的变化.结果表明:伤后4天EGFrmRNA即有明显的表达,以后逐渐减弱,伤后16天EGFr mRNA已无明显表达.对EGFr基因表达的作用和机理进行了讨论.     

腺苷及其受体在皮肤创面愈合与纤维化中的作用

皮肤的急慢性创面在临床上较常见,个体差异性大,且慢性创面治疗较为棘手;此外,皮肤纤维化疾病日渐增多,而现有治疗方式效果欠佳。因此,亟需寻找一种新的皮肤创面及纤维化治疗策略。腺苷在创面愈合和组织修复过程中起着重要作用,腺苷可通过激活其受体抑制炎症反应、促进血管生成、促进胶原合成,加速创面愈合,但腺苷受体的过度激活也可刺激成纤维细胞及胶原的异常增殖介导皮肤纤维化形成。该文就腺苷及其受体在皮肤创面愈合及纤维化中的作用作一综述,有望为再生医学的治疗策略提供一定思路及应用价值。     

促黑素在创面愈合过程作用的研究进展

促黑素(melanocyte-stimulating hormones, MSH)和其它的黑色素主要是由垂体中央部前阿黑皮素(POMC)衍生的内源性的多肽,也可产生于机体的其它组织,通过结合五种黑色素受体而产生生理学效应,包括抗炎症反应、抗微生物、降脂、抑制瘢痕形成等。本文主要是对MSH的分类及生成路径和在创面愈合过程的抗脂、抗瘢痕、抗微生物和抗炎效应进行了综述,并指出研究MSH对参与伤口修复的干细胞的迁移、增殖和分化的调控作用及分子机制,将更好地揭示干细胞参与创面修复的分子机制,为再生医学研究提供更多的理论支持。     

红光促进难治性创面愈合的研究

目的:探讨红光照射对难治性创面的创缘组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的表达及治疗难治性创面的临床效果。方法:收集2008年6月-2010年12月因难治性创面入住笔者单位治疗的40例患者,按治疗方法分为红光照射治疗组20例和常规治疗组20例。常规治疗组患者创面以0.5%碘伏与水胶体敷料换药。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用红光照射。于治疗后第7天、14天、21天切取创缘组织,研究红光照射对创缘组织中VEGF的影响,并比较两组患者的创面愈合率和愈合时间。结果:临床实验中,治疗组创缘组织中的VEGF含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组创面愈合率明显高于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组的愈合时间低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:红光照射能显著提高创缘组织中VEGF含量,减少创面愈合时间,促进愈合。     

红光促进难治性创面愈合的研究

目的：探讨红光照射对难治性创面的创缘组织中血管内皮细胞生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）的表达及治疗难治性创面的临床效果。方法：收集2008年6月-2010年12月因难治性创面入住笔者单位治疗的40例患者,按治疗方法分为红光照射治疗组20例和常规治疗组20例。常规治疗组患者创面以0.5%碘伏与水胶体敷料换药。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用红光照射。于治疗后第7天、14天、21天切取创缘组织,研究红光照射对创缘组织中VEGF的影响,并比较两组患者的创面愈合率和愈合时间。结果：临床实验中,治疗组创缘组织中的VEGF含量明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗组创面愈合率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗组的愈合时间低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：红光照射能显著提高创缘组织中VEGF含量,减少创面愈合时间,促进愈合。     

Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I concentrations in bulls of various growth hormone genotypes

A leucine/valine substitution at amino acid position 127 was identified by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in the bovine growth hormone gene. Genotyping was performed in 84 AI bulls of three different breeds, in which plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) were also measured. Gene frequencies of variants L (leucine) und V (valine) were 0.80/0.20 (Black and White), 0.90/0.10 (Brown), 0.71/0.29 (Simmental). Hormone concentrations were measured during different physiological conditions (normal feeding, fasting, realimentation) in the majority of animals. Generally, genotype LL was associated with higher concentrations of GH than LV. This difference was significant in Black and White bulls (P < 0.05). In contrast, IGF-1 concentrations were higher in LV than in LL animals. This was most pronounced in mature, realimented Simmental bulls. We conclude that the various GH alleles influence the circulating concentrations of GH and IGF-1.     

Involvement of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in ovarian folliculogenesis

During the last decade, involvement of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in ovarian folliculogenesis has been extensively studied. This review provides an update on the GH, IGF system and their role in ovarian follicular development. In vitro studies and knockout experiments demonstrated an important role of GH in preantral follicle growth and differentiation through their binding with GH receptors, which are located both in the oocyte and follicular somatic tissues. Furthermore, GH stimulates the development of small antral follicles to gonadotrophin-dependent stages, as well as maturation of oocytes. With regard to the IGF system, IGF-I has no effects on primordial follicle development, but both IGF-I and IGF-II stimulate growth of secondary follicles. Depending on the species studies and method used, these proteins have been detected in oocytes and/or somatic cells. In antral follicles, these IGFs stimulate granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in most mammals. The bioavailability of IGFs is regulated by a family of intrafollicular expressed IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). Facilitation of IGF can be increased through the activity of specific IGFBP proteases, which degrade the IGF/IGFBP complex, resulting in the production of IGFBP fragments and release of attached IGF.     

Long-term growth hormone treatment preserves GH-induced memory and mood improvements: a 10-year follow-up study in GH-deficient adult men

Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy with duration of several years is known to be safe and beneficial in GH-deficient adult patients. However, long-term follow-up data on GH substitution, cognition, and well-being are scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the benefits of GH replacement in psychological functioning found in previous studies lasting up to 2 years are preserved over a 10-year follow-up period. Twenty-three men (mean age at baseline 28.6 years) with childhood-onset GH deficiency were studied during a 10-year period of GH substitution. Memory tasks, mood questionnaires, and IGF-I values were obtained at baseline and after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 years of GH substitution. Both mood and memory improved during GH therapy. After 6 months of treatment, anxiety and tension were reduced and vigor had improved. Memory improved after 1 year of substitution. These improvements were maintained during the 10-year follow-up period. Higher intra-subject IGF-I levels were associated with better mood (anxiety, tension, vigor). This study shows that 10 years of GH therapy is beneficial in terms of well-being and cognitive functioning in childhood-onset GH-deficient men. It may be concluded that once the decision to start GH treatment has been taken, this may imply that GH therapy has to be continued for a long period to maintain the psychological improvements and to prevent a relapse.     

Ixodid tick salivary gland products target host wound healing growth factors

For successful blood-feeding, ticks must confront the host immune system comprising many cells and signaling molecules, mainly cytokines and growth factors. These factors bind to specific receptors on the cell membranes, thereby initiating a signaling cascade that leads to distinct cellular activities. Ticks are able to manipulate host immune responses via molecules secreted from their salivary glands. Saliva of ixodid ticks contains factors binding important cytokines and their subgroup, chemokines. Here we demonstrate that constituents of tick salivary gland extract (SGE) also appear to bind growth factors: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), depending on tick species. SGE derived from Amblyommavariegatum reacted with TGF-β1, PDGF, FGF-2 and HGF; Dermacentorreticulatus and Rhipicephalusappendiculatus with TGF-β1, FGF-2 and HGF; and Ixodes ricinus and Ixodesscapularis with PDGF. SGE from the species targeting PDGF (A. variegatum and I. ricinus) also inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and induced a change in morphology of different cell lines. These effects correlated with disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Such effects were not observed with SGE of the two species that did not target PDGF. Targeting of wound healing growth factors appears to be yet another strategy ixodid ticks adopt for suppression of inflammation and successful haematophagy.     

Effect of recombinant growth hormone on expression of growth hormone receptor,insulin-like growth factor mRNA and serum level of leptin in growing pigs

Sixteen Large White × Landrace castrated male pigs were allotted into treatment and control group. The treatment group was injected intramuscularly with recombinant porcine growth hormone (rpGH, 4 mg d⁻¹) and the control group with vehicle for 28 days. Animals were slaughtered 4 h after final injection for liver, longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and blood sampling. Serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and leptin were determined by RIA. The total RNA was extracted from tissues to measure the abundance of growth hormone receptor (GHR), IGF-I mRNA by RT-PCR with 18S rRNA internal standard. Results showed that rpGH enhanced the average daily weight gain by 26.1% (P < 0.05), the serum IGF-I concentration by 70.94% (P < 0.01), decreased serum leptin by 34.8% (P < 0.01). The relative abundance of GHR and IGF-I mRNA in liver were increased by 24.45% (P < 0.05) and 45.30% (P < 0.01), respectively, but no difference of GHR (P > 0.05) and IGF-I mRNA (P > 0.05) in LD between GH treated and control group was found. These results suggest that rpGH can up-regulate hepatic GHR and IGF-I gene expression and improve animal growth. However the effect of rpGH on GHR and IGF-I gene expression are tissue-specific.     

Structure and function of bovine growth hormone bovine growth hormone as an experimental model for studies of protein-protein interactions

Growth hormone (GH) is a polipeptide that controls the differentiation, growth and metabolism of many cell types, and is secreted from the hypophysis of all vertebrate species tested so far. Despite the overlapping evolutionary, structural, immunological and biological properties, it is well-known that GHs from distinct mammalian species have significant species-specific characteristics. The main purpose of this review is to highlight bovine GH (bGH) structural features related to its species-specific properties. Novel interest in bGH is also aroused by the advent of biotechnological methods for production of recombinant proteins. In fact recombinant bGH will have a great importance in veterinary medicine research and as a ‘high tech’ drug that needs to be monitored in zootechnical productions.     

Vascular endothelial growth factor restores erectile function through modulation of the insulin-like growth factor system and sex hormone receptors in diabetic rat

Previous studies have shown that intracavernous injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) restored erectile function in diabetic rats. However, the mechanism of VEGF in diabetes-related erectile dysfunction (ED) has not been fully investigated. We hypothesize that intracavernous injection of VEGF may reverse diabetes-related ED through modulation of the insulin-like growth factor system and sex hormone receptors. To test this hypothesis the erectile function of treated and control rats was analyzed by measurement of intracavernous pressure (ICP) following electrostimulation of the cavernous nerves. Mean ICP was significantly lower in non-treated diabetic rats compared to controls. After VEGF injection, ICP was significantly higher than in non-treated diabetic rats. IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in non-treated diabetic rat crura than controls, while VEGF-treated animals had control levels. ER-beta and PR mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in non-treated diabetic rat crura. After VEGF injection, ER-beta and PR mRNA and protein expression was similar to control levels. Expression of AR and ER-alpha was the same in all groups. These findings suggest that orthotopic injection of VEGF may improve the functional recovery of diabetes-related ED through modulation of the insulin-like growth factor system and sex hormone receptors. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that VEGF treatment restores erectile function through restoration of the insulin-like growth factor system and sex hormone receptor genes at the mRNA and protein levels in diabetic rat crura. These results may be important in understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes-related ED and also in providing better strategies for management of this disease.     

鱼类生长和生长激素分泌活动的调节（综述）

本文综述近十年来在鱼类生长激素分泌和鱼体生长的神经内分泌调节方面取得的研究进展,阐明脑（各种神经内分泌因子）－脑垂体（分泌生长激素）－肝脏（产生类胰岛素生长因子）轴调控鱼类生长的作用,并在此理论基础上提出可供养鱼生产实践应用的基本途径。     

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factor, somatostatin and dopamine on growth hormone and prolactin secretion from cultured ovine pituitary cells

A synthetic form of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF-44-NH2) was shown to be a potent stimulator of growth hormone (GH) secretion and cellular cyclic AMP levels in cultured sheep pituitary cells. A small dose-dependent stimulation of prolactin secretion was also observed. Somatostatin (0.5 microM) completely blocked the maximal GRF (1 nM)-stimulated secretion without a significant effect on cyclic AMP levels. Dopamine (0.1 microM) inhibited the GRF-elevated GH secretion by 50% and lowered cyclic AMP levels by 30%. Dopamine (0.1 microM) inhibition of basal prolactin secretion was not affected by GRF (1 nM). The data support the hypothesis that cyclic AMP is involved in the action of GRF but suggest that somatostatin can inhibit GRF-induced secretion of GH independently of cyclic AMP.     

人生长激素研究进展

综述了人生长激素的结构,及最近几年国内外对人生长激素在分子结构、基因改造、制备、提纯及检测等方面的最新进展和研究趋势,对各种可能影响生长激素分泌的因素进行了分析、讨论。