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1.
为获得能适合于烟道气条件下生长的微藻,找到一种高效的温室气体固定的方法,利用配置烟道气(CO2和O2的浓度分别为15%和2%)驯化稻田微藻混合试样,分离出对高浓度CO2条件有很强适应力的微藻ZY-1,并研究了在不同培养条件下微藻ZY-1的生长情况.微藻ZY-1在CO2浓度从10%~15%的范围内有较高生长力,在CO2浓度为10%时,生长最好.微藻ZY-1对温度、气体流速、pH值等物理条件也有很宽的适应范围,在温度为25~30.C、流速为0.25~0.75L·min-1、pH4~6范围内,生长基本稳定.在培养条件为10%CO2、25.C、pH5.0时,微藻ZY-1的生长率最高,CO2的固定率平均值为0.397%.可以认为,利用该藻固定烟道气温室气体具有一定的可行性.  相似文献   

2.
利用烟道气培养微藻的机制与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
微藻生物柴油是唯一有潜力代替传统化石燃料解决交通用油问题的可再生生物能源,但其产业化主要受到微藻培养高成本的制约。工业废气(烟道气)不仅含有大量CO2,还含有硫氧化物(SOx)和氮氧化物(NOx)。因此,利用烟道气培养产油微藻既可以降低微藻生物柴油的生产成本,又可以减少温室气体和污染气体的排放。综述了微藻液体悬浮培养系统吸收、转化CO2、SOX和NOx的机理和利用烟道气培养微藻的研究与实践,基于微藻细胞具有高效吸收、转化CO2、SO2和NOx的能力,提出了建立微藻产油、固碳、脱硫、除硝一体化模式来帮助解决当前能源和环境问题的设想。  相似文献   

3.
产油嗜碱绿球藻MC-1的烟气适应性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了降低微藻产油成本和减少温室气体的排放,利用煤炭烟气培养一株具有pH快速漂移和高碱适应特性的产油微藻Chlorococcum alkaliphilus MC-1.首先于15L光生物反应器中分三组(空白组、CO2组和烟气组)进行小体积培养实验,然后在24 m2开放式跑道池中进行放大培养,研究了微藻MC-1对烟气培养的适应性.结果表明,在光生物反应器培养实验中,烟气组的最高生物量浓度、生长速率、藻体总脂含量和CO2固定速率分别为:(1.02±0.07) g/L、(0.12±0.02) g/(L·d)、(37.84±0.58)%和(0.20±0.02) g/(L·d),比CO2组分别提高了36%、33.33%、15.34%和33.33%.在开放式跑道池培养实验中,烟气与纯CO2的培养效果相似,烟气培养下的最高生物量浓度、生长速率、藻体总脂含量和CO2固定速率分别为:147.40 g/m2、14.73 g/(m2·d)、35.72%和24.01 g/(m2·d);烟气培养产出的藻粉中有毒重金属Pb、As、Cd和Cr的含量均低于国家限量标准.实验同时测定了烟气培养下藻液对烟气中CO2、NO和SO2的吸收效果,结果显示,在光生物反应器和开放式跑道池培养中此三种气体的平均吸收率均高于以往研究结果.上述结果说明,该藻能适应烟气培养条件,耦合微藻MC-1产油与烟气减排的室外放大培养是可行的.  相似文献   

4.
酸驯化和紫外诱导提高微藻耐酸性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
应用微藻固定烟道气CO2既可减排又能生产高值生物基产品,但是,烟道气高浓度CO2和氮硫氧化物导致培养液过度酸化、抑制微藻生长。通过建立微藻抗性驯化简易方法,以期提高微藻耐酸性和在低p H条件下的起始生长速率。经过酸驯化和紫外诱导叠加处理后的栅藻(Scenedesmus),在酸性环境下生长初期的平均生长速率达到0.253 g/(d·L),明显高于单因子处理的p H4.5酸驯化(0.132 g/(d·L))和紫外诱导5 min(0.092 g/(d·L))的生长速率。经过驯化处理的种子藻在p H3的酸性环境中可以正常生长,而未驯化微藻生长近乎停滞。经过驯化处理的种子藻接入低p H培养基后起始生长速率比未驯化微藻提高6.6倍。酸驯化和紫外诱导处理显著提高了栅藻对低p H环境的耐受性。  相似文献   

5.
采用预设取样器和静态箱气相色谱法,对渗滤液灌溉条件下,土柱土壤不同深度剖面 N2O的浓度以及N2O和CO2的表面释放通量进行了监测.结果表明: 渗滤液灌溉可促进N2O的生成和释放,灌溉后24 h内土柱N2O的释放通量与表土下10 cm(r=0.944,P< 0.01)、20 cm(r=0.799,P<0.01)、30 cm(r=0.666,P<0.01)和40 cm(r=0.482,P<0.05)处所生成的N2O浓度呈显著相关,且相关程度依次递减.渗滤液灌溉还促进了CO2的释放,但N2O与CO2释放通量之间无显著相关性(P>0.05).渗滤液的灌溉负荷主要决定温室气体释放总量的强弱(N2O和CO2,以CO2当量计),灌溉负荷为6 mm·d-1条件下温室气体释放总量为灌溉负荷2 mm·d-1的3倍多.采用表土下20 cm处灌溉方式可比表土下10 cm处灌溉方式削减47%的温室气体释放总量.渗滤液灌溉土壤14 d内,N2O释放量约占温室气体释放总量的57.0%~91.0%.  相似文献   

6.
实验分析了有机土栽培下温室内CO2浓度变化规律,研究了增施CO2对温室番茄植株生理效应、产量、果实品质的影响.结果表明有机土栽培条件下温室内CO2浓度变化存在明显的季节变化和日变化.温室内CO2浓度在11月和3月,最高浓度达到1 200 μL·L-1以上,在改善温光条件下,可不施或少施CO2;而7月温室内CO2日最高浓度在500 μL·L-1以下,每天应提早增施CO2.CO2空间分布为近地面层》畦面》植株内部》冠层》株顶上部.不同的栽培方式下,有机土壤栽培CO2浓度日变化范围为331~1 294 μL·L-1,而外界浓度与土壤无作物栽培方式日变化范围为327~556 μL·L-1,土壤栽培CO2变化范围为402~1 047 μL·L-1.光照强度是影响温室内CO2浓度和利用效率的主要因素.与对照相比,温室内增施CO2番茄株高增加18.29%,总干重增加18.69%,功能叶面积增加22.02%,光合速率提高48.92%,叶绿素含量增加33.00%,羧化效率提高87.50%,产量增加 26.48%,果实Vc增加33.27%,番茄红素增加30.98%,差异均达到显著水平.  相似文献   

7.
开放式空气CO2浓度增高条件下旱地土壤气体CO2浓度廓线测定   总被引:22,自引:3,他引:19  
设计了一套适合于FACE(free airCO2 enrichment)平台的旱地土壤气体CO2 浓度廓线测定方法 ,并将其应用于田间实验 .在江苏省无锡市郊区具有太湖地区典型水稻土的稻麦轮作农田 ,对FACE和对照麦田以及裸土 0~ 30cm土层的土壤气体CO2 浓度廓线进行了观测研究 .结果表明 ,所采用的方法满足进行旱地农田土壤气体CO2 浓度廓线研究的要求 ;在 0~ 30cm土层中 ,上层土壤气体中的CO2 向上垂直扩散要比下层土壤快 ;在作物旺盛生长期 ,大气CO2 浓度升高 2 0 0± 4 0 μmol·mol-1使 0~ 30cm土层的土壤气体CO2 浓度显著提高 14 %± 5 % (t 检验P <0 .0 0 1) .  相似文献   

8.
生长在高CO2 浓度 (70 0± 5 6 μl·L-1) 1周的香蕉叶片 ,其光合速率 (Pn ,μmol·m-2 ·s-1)为 5 .14± 0 .32 ,较生长在大气CO2 浓度 (35 6± 30lμl·L-1)的高 2 2 .1% ,而生长在较高CO2 浓度下 8周 ,叶片Pn较生长在大气CO2 浓度的低 18.1% ,表现香蕉叶片对较长期高CO2 浓度的驯化和光合作用抑制 .生长在高CO2 浓度的香蕉叶片有较低光下呼吸速率 (Rd) ,而不包括光下呼吸的CO2 补偿点则变幅较小 .最大羧化速率 (Vcmax)和电子传递速率 (J)分别较生长在大气CO2 浓度的低 30 .5 %和 14 .8% ,根据气体交换速率计算的表观量子产率 (α ,molCO2·mol-1光量子 ) ,生长在较高CO2 浓度下 8周的叶片为 0 .0 14± 0 .0 1,而生长在大气CO2 浓度下的为 0 .0 2 5±0 .0 0 5 .较高CO2 浓度下叶片的表观量子产率降低 44% .光能转换效率 (electrons·quanta-1)亦从 0 .2 0 3降低至0 .136 .生长在较高CO2 浓度下香蕉叶片的叶氮在Rubicos分配系数 (PR)、叶氮在生物力能学组分分配系数(PB)和叶氮在光捕组分的分配系数 (PL)均较生长在大气CO2 浓度低 ,表明在高CO2 浓度下较长期生长 (8周 )的香蕉叶片多个光合过程受抑制 ,光合活性明显降低 .  相似文献   

9.
高CO_2浓度对长白山阔叶红松林主要树种的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
组成长白山阔叶红松林的主要树种红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、白桦、椴树、水曲柳和色木的幼树 ,盆栽于模拟自然光照和人工调节CO2 浓度为 70 0 μl·L-1、40 0 μl·L-1的气室内两个生长季 ,以生长在 40 0 μl·L-1下的幼树为对照组 ,在各自生长条件下测定 ,高CO2 浓度下生长的红松、云杉、落叶松、大青杨、白桦、椴树、水曲柳和色木的高生长比对照组的幼树提高 10 %~ 40 % .高CO2 浓度的幼树与对照CO2 下的幼树相比各树种蒸腾速率升降不一 ,但水分利用效率均有不同程度的提高 ,不同树种的可溶性糖和叶绿素含量对高CO2 浓度反应不一 ,反映出幼树对高CO2 浓度适应的复杂性 .长期高CO2 浓度环境下生长的阔叶树对CO2 变化反应较针叶树敏感 ,供试树种均发生光合驯化现象 .  相似文献   

10.
农田土壤温室气体排放对气候变化的响应是农业响应气候变化的热点问题。本试验开展了CO_(2)浓度和温度升高对冬小麦土壤温室气体排放影响的研究,测定CO_(2)浓度(600μmol/mol)和温度升高(环境温度+2℃)条件下冬小麦土壤中硝态氮和铵态氮的含量,以及温室气体排放通量和生长季排放总量,结合冬小麦的产量计算该生长季的综合温室效应(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)。结果表明:拔节期CO_(2)浓度和温度升高条件下,冬小麦土壤硝态氮含量显著增加;三个时期CO_(2)浓度和温度升高条件下,冬小麦土壤铵态氮含量均以不同程度增加;升温(T1C0)、CO_(2)浓度升高(T0C1)及复合(T1C1)条件下,CO_(2)生长季总排放量较对照(T0C0)分别增加了20.73%、22.18%和23.28%;而N_(2)O生长季排放总量只有在T0C1中会显著增加,T1C0及T1C1中N_(2)O生长季总排放量较T0C0分别减少了26.35%、18.41%;T1C0中CH4生长季总吸收量较T0C0显著减少了93.56%,T0C1及T1C1对其无显著影响;T1C0中冬小麦产量较T0C0显著减少了19.93%,而T0C1和T1C1中分别增加了15.36%、9.88%。T1C0、T0C1和T1C1中GWP与T0C0相比均显著增加,而GHGI在T1C0中较T0C0显著增加,T0C1和T1C1中GHGI与T0C0相比有所减少,但不显著。综上所述,在CO_(2)浓度升高和温度升高的条件下,CO_(2)和N_(2)O生长季总排放量均有不同程度的增加,CH4生长季总排放量在升温处理下会显著减少。麦田三种温室气体预估GWP对环境不利。本研究对CO_(2)浓度和温度升高条件下的北方麦田温室气体进行了估算,可为未来农业减排措施的制定提供理论支持。  相似文献   

11.
A novel methanogen, Methanosarcina baltica GS1-AT, DSM 14042, JCM 11281, was isolated from sediment at a depth of 241 m in the Gotland Deep of the Baltic Sea. Cells were irregular, monopolar monotrichous flagellated cocci 1.5-3 microm in diameter often occurring in pairs or tetrads. The catabolic substrates used included methanol, methylated amines, and acetate, but not formate or H2/CO2. Growth was observed in a temperature range between 4 degrees and 27 degrees C with an optimum at 25 degrees C. The doubling time with methanol as substrate was 84 h at 25 degrees C, 120 h at 9 degrees C, and 167 h at 4 degrees C. The doubling time with acetate as substrate was 252 h at 25 degrees C and 425 h at 20 degrees C. After the transfer of methanol-grown cultures, long lag phases were observed that lasted 15-20 days at 25 degrees C and 25 days at 4 degrees -9 degrees C. The NaCl optimum for growth was 2%-4%, and the fastest growth occurred within a pH range of 6.5-7.5. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that the strain was phylogenetically related to Methanosarcina. The sequence similarity to described species of <95.7% and its physiological properties distinguished strain GS1-A(T) from all described species of the genus Methanosarcina.  相似文献   

12.
Strains of Halobacteria from an Algerian culture collection were screened for their lipolytic activity against p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB) and p-nitrophenyl palmitate (PNPP). Most strains were active on both esters and 12% hydrolyzed olive oil. A strain identified as Natronococcus sp. was further studied. It grew optimally at 3.5 M NaCl, pH 8 and 40 degrees C. An increase in temperature shifted the optimum salt concentration range for growth from a wider range of 2-4 M, obtained at 25-30 degrees C, to a narrower range of 3.5-4 M, obtained at 35-40 degrees C. At 45 degrees C the optimum salt concentration was 2 M. These results show a clear correlation between salt and temperature requirement. The optimum conditions for the production of hydrolytic activity during growth were: 3.5 M NaCl and pH 8 for PNPB hydrolytic activity and 4 M NaCl and pH 7.5 for PNPP hydrolytic activity; both at 40 degrees C. The clear supernatant of cells grown at 4 M NaCl showed olive oil hydrolysis activity (in presence of 4 M NaCl) demonstrating the occurrence of a lipase activity in this strain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a lipase activity at such high salt concentration.  相似文献   

13.
Among the 49 strains of moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from the salty environments of Iran, a Gram-positive coccus designated as strain QW6 showed high capacity in the removal of toxic oxyanions of tellurium in a wide range of culture medium factors including pH (5.5-10.5), temperature (25-45 degrees C), various salts including NaCl, KCl, and Na(2)SO(4) (0.5-4M), selenooxyanions (2-10mM), and at different concentrations of potassium tellurite (0.5-1mM) under aerobic condition. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequence comparisons indicated that this strain was a member of the genus Salinicoccus. The maximum tellurite removal was exhibited in 1.5M NaCl at 35 degrees C, while the activity reduced by 53% and 47% at 25 and 45 degrees C, respectively. The optimum pH for removal activity was shown to be 7.5, with 90% and 83% reduced removal capacities at the two extreme values of 5.5 and 10, respectively. The impact of different concentrations of selenooxyanions (2-10mM) on tellurite removal by strain QW6 was evaluated. The ability of strain QW6 in the removal of tellurite in the presence of 6mM selenite increased by 25%. The concentration of toxic potassium tellurite in the supernatant of the bacterial culture medium decreased by 99% (from 0.5 to 0.005mM) after 6 days and the color of the medium changed to black due to the formation of less toxic elemental tellurium.  相似文献   

14.
The morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of a phosphate solubilizing and antagonistic bacterial strain, designated as B0, isolated from a sub-alpine Himalayan forest site have been described. The isolate is gram negative, rod shaped, 0.8 x 1.6 microm in size, and psychrotrophic in nature that could grow from 0 to 35 degrees C (optimum temp. 25 degrees C). It exhibited tolerance to a wide pH range (3-12; optimum 8.0) and salt concentration up to 4% (w/v). Although it was sensitive to kanamycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin (<10 microg mL(-1)), it showed resistance to higher concentrations of ampicillin, penicillin, and carbenicillin (>1000 microg mL(-1)). The isolate showed maximum similarity with Pseudomonas putida based on 16S rRNA analysis. It solubilized tricalcium phosphate under in vitro conditions. The phosphate solubilization was estimated along a temperature range (4-28 degrees C), and maximum activity (247 microg mL(-1)) was recorded at 21 degrees C after 15 days of incubation. The phosphate solubilizing activity coincided with a concomitant decrease in pH of the medium. The isolate also exhibited antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi in Petri dish assays and produced chitinase, ss-l,3-glucanase, salicylic acid, siderophore, and hydrogen cyanide. The plant growth promotion and antifungal properties were demonstrated through a maize-based bioassay under greenhouse conditions. Although the bacterial inoculation was found to result in significant increment in plant biomass, it stimulated bacterial and suppressed fungal counts in the rhizosphere. The present study is important with respect to enumerating microbial diversity of the colder regions as well as understanding the potential biotechnological applications of native microbes.  相似文献   

15.
从草地土壤中分离到一株中度嗜盐菌I15,经过16S rDNA(GenBank登录号为DQ010162)序列分析、形态学和生理生化特征分析,该菌株初步鉴定为Virgibacillus marismortui。I15能在0%~25%NaCl的培养基中生长,最适生长NaCl浓度为10%,最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH为7.5~8.0。在高盐条件下,I15细胞内主要的相容性溶质为四氢嘧啶,在15%NaCl培养基中其含量达到1.608mmol/(g\5cdw),占到相容性溶质总摩尔含量的89.6%。渗透冲击试验表明I15细胞内四氢嘧啶在低渗冲击时能够快速分泌到细胞外,在高渗冲击冲剂时能够较快地重新合成。  相似文献   

16.
A new psychrophilic, anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium from the tundra wetland soil of Polar Ural is described. The organism fermented H2/CO2, formate, methanol, and several sugars to acetate as the sole end-product. The temperature range for growth was 1-30 degrees C with an optimum at 20 degrees C. The bacterium showed no growth at 32 degrees C. Cells were gram-positive, oval-shaped, flagellated rods 0.7-1.l x 1.1-4.0 microm in size when grown at 1-20 degrees C. At 25-30 degrees C, the cell size increased up to 2-3 x 10-15 microm due to a defect in cell division. The DNA G+C content of the organism was 39.2 mol%. Based upon 16S rDNA analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation studies, the organism was classified in the genus Acetobacterium as a new species, for which the name Acetobacterium tundrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z-4493 (=DSM 9173T).  相似文献   

17.
AIMS: To investigate the effects of temperature, pH, water activity (aw) and CO2 concentration on the growth of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 2710. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hyphal extension rates from mycelial and spore inocula were measured on media with different aw (approximately 1.0, 0.98 and 0.96) and pH (3.5, 5.5 and 7.5) incubated at 30, 37 or 42 degrees C in atmospheres containing 0.03, 12.5 or 25% (v/v) CO2. The effects of environmental conditions on hyphal extension rate were modelled using surface response methodology. The rate of hyphal extension was very sensitive to pH, exhibiting a pronounced optimum at pH 5.5-5.8. The hyphal extension rate was less sensitive to temperature, aw or CO2, exhibiting maximum rates at 42 degrees C, a(w) approximately 1.0 and 0.03% (v/v) CO2. CONCLUSIONS: The fastest hyphal extension rate (1.7 mm h(-1)) was predicted to occur at 42 degrees C, pH 5.85, a(w) approximately 1.0 and 0.03% CO2. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present work is the first to model the simultaneous effects of temperature, pH, aw and CO2 concentration on mould growth. The information relates to tempe fermentation and to possible control of the microflora in Tanzanian cassava heap fermentations.  相似文献   

18.
A psychrotolerant, obligate anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium designated strain SyrA5 was isolated from black anoxic sediment of a brackish fjord. Cells were Gram-positive, non-sporeforming rods. The isolate utilized H(2)/CO(2), CO, fructose, glucose, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, pyruvate, lactate, betaine and the methyl-groups of several methoxylated benzoic derivatives such as syringate, trimethoxybenzoate and vallinate. The optimum temperature for growth was 29 degrees C, whilst slow growth occurred at 2 degrees C. The strain grew optimally with NaCl concentrations below 2.7% (w/v), but growth occurred up to 4.3% (w/v) NaCl. Growth was observed in the range from pH 5.9 to 8.5, optimum at pH 8. The G+C content was 44.1 mol%. Based upon 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation studies, the organism was classified in the genus Acetobacterium. Strain SyrA5 shared a 16S rRNA sequence similarity with A. carbinolicum of 100%, a fthfs gene (which codes for the N5,N10 tetrahydrofolate synthetase) sequence identity of 98.5-98.7% (amino acid sequence similarities were 99.4-100%) and a RNA-DNA hybridization homology of 64-68%. Despite a number of phenotypic differences between strain SyrA5 and A. carbinolicum we propose including strain SyrA5 as a subspecies of A. carbinolicum for which we propose the name Acetobacterium carbinolicum subspecies kysingense. The type strain is SyrA5 (=DSM 16427(T), ATCC BAA-990).  相似文献   

19.
A thermophilic, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium (strain TMS) was isolated from a thermophilic bioreactor operated at 65 degrees C with methanol as the energy source. Cells were gram-positive straight rods, 0.4-0.6 microm x 2-8 microm, growing as single cells or in pairs. The temperature range for growth was 40-70 degrees C with an optimum at 65 degrees C. Growth was observed from pH 5.5 to 8.5, and the optimum pH was around 7. The salinity range for growth was 0-45 g NaCl l(-1 )with an optimum at 10 g l(-1). The isolate was able to grow on methanol, H(2)-CO(2 )(80/20%, v/v), formate, lactate, pyruvate, glucose, fructose, cellobiose and pectin. The bacterium reduced thiosulfate to sulfide. The G+C content of the DNA was 53 mol%. Comparison of 16S rRNA genes revealed that strain TMS is related to Moorella glycerini (96%, sequence similarity), Moorella thermoacetica (92%) and Moorella thermoautotrophica (92%). On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic differences, strain TMS is proposed as a new species within the genus Moorella, Moorella mulderi sp. nov. (=DSM 14980, =ATCC BAA-608).  相似文献   

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