陕西长青自然保护区的两栖爬行动物

长青自然保护区共有两栖爬行动物 2 7种 ,其中两栖动物 2目 4科 8种 ,爬行动物 3目 7科 19种。国家Ⅱ级保护动物 1种 ,即大鲵。并发现陕西省爬行动物 1新记录—水赤链游蛇。对两栖动物和爬行动物的分布特点进行了分析     

甘肃黑河湿地两栖爬行动物资源调查及分析

2005年4月下旬、8月中下旬、2006年7月中下旬、9月下旬4次对甘肃省的黑河湿地两栖爬行动物资源进行实地考察,结合有关的文献资料和走访情况,结果表明该地区有两栖动物2种,隶属2目2科2属;有爬行动物13种,隶属3目8科9属。湿地周围存在大量传统农耕区,对野生动物及其生境干扰较大,就此提出相应保护建议。     

安徽琅琊山的两栖爬行动物

1995－2000年,对安徽滁州琅琊山中边地区两栖爬行运行进行了调查研究,共发现两栖动物5种,隶属2目3科,占安徽省两栖动物38种的13.2%;爬行动物19种,隶属2目7科,占福建省爬行动物68种的27.9%。     

湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2002年6～9月对湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区的两栖、爬行动物资源进行了调查,结合文献资料,该保护区现已知有两栖、爬行动物80种,其中两栖动物38种,隶属2目9科22属;爬行动物42种,隶属2目11科31属.国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物大鲵Andrias davidianus、虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus rugulosus 2种;湖北省重点保护动物35种,占湖北省重点保护两栖爬行动物的75%.被列入<中国濒危动物红皮书>的两栖、爬行动物有21种(极危物种1种,濒危物种6种,易危物种11种,依赖保护物种1种,需予关注物种2种).对两栖爬行动物的种类组成和区系进行了分析,并提出了保护措施.     

浙江省古田山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源现状

浙江省古田山国家级自然保护区拥有丰富的两栖爬行类资源。2009年7月至2011年8月,对古田山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源现状展开了调查,观察到两栖动物17种(隶属2目7科),占浙江省两栖动物物种总数的38.5%,爬行动物14种(隶属2目4科),占浙江省爬行动物物种总数的27.5%。区系特点:在调查的两栖爬行种类中,只分布在东洋界的种类有21种,占总物种数的64.74%,东洋界和古北界均有分布的种类有10种,占32.26%,东洋界占优势。生态类群:两栖类中陆栖-静水型较多,占调查到的两栖动物种数的29.4%;爬行类中陆栖型较多,占调查到爬行动物种类的42.8%。根据保护区的现状,提出了两栖爬行动物的保护建议。     

广东肇东七星岩地区两栖爬行动物多样性及其保护

肇庆七星岩地区有两栖动物12种,隶属1目5科7属,爬行动物25种,隶属2目18属,华中－华南种类占优势有20种,占54．1％,华南区12种,占32．4％,华中区1种,占2．7％,古北－东洋广布种4种,占10．8％,建议在开发旅游资源的同时,加强对该地区两栖爬行动物种多样性及其生境的保护。     

深圳湾湿地两栖爬行动物及其保护

深圳湾湿地共有两栖动物８种,隶属于１目４科,有爬行动物２３种,隶属于３目（亚目）２０科．分析了深圳湾湿地两栖爬行动物的区系特点、种群数量变化和现状,在此基础上提出了保护两栖爬行动物的建议和对策．     

广东省车八岭国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2011年4月至2012年5月对广东车八岭国家级自然保护区进行两栖爬行动物资源调查。结果显示,该保护区已知两栖动物2目8科19属26种,爬行动物2目12科38属50种,包括修正误订1种,广东省新纪录4种。保护区丰富的两栖爬行动物资源,是理想的科学研究、科普教育基地,对保护和利用我国特有物种具有重要意义。     

广西大王岭自然保护区两栖动物多样性调查与分析

2007年8月对广西大王岭自然保护区的两栖动物进行了调查,结果表明,该保护区有18种两栖动物,隶属12属6科2目.其Shannon-Wiener多样性系数为2.4842,均匀度系数为0.8768.对两栖动物的区系及多样性进行了分析,并提出保护对策.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.