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松柏类植物的体细胞胚胎发生既是繁育的一种手段,又是研究胚胎发育过程中结构、生理和分子事件的一种重要的模式系统。整个体细胞胚胎发生过程主要包括3个步骤:胚性组织的诱导和增殖、体细胞胚的成熟以及体细胞胚的萌发和转换。过去为了提高胚胎发育过程所做的努力主要都集中在胚的成熟阶段,这是因为一直认为能否成功再生的关键在于胚发育成熟阶段的处理。然而,在过去几年里,结合生理生化以及分子生物学的研究发现,胚胎发生的早期阶段对于完成整个发育过程也是至关重要的,早期阶段培养条件的优化可以显著提高培养过程中体细胞胚的数量和质量。此外,萌发过程培养条件的调节对于提高成熟体细胞胚的萌发率和转换率也很重要。因此,这些新的研究成果对于改善松柏类植物体细胞胚胎发生中的胚的诱导率和转换率低的现象具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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松柏类植物体细胞胚胎发生的研究进展 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
松柏类植物的体细胞胚胎发生既是繁育的一种手段,又是研究胚胎发育过程中结构、生理和分子事件的一种重要的模式系统.整个体细胞胚胎发生过程主要包括3个步骤:胚性组织的诱导和增殖、体细胞胚的成熟以及体细胞胚的萌发和转换.过去为了提高胚胎发育过程所做的努力主要都集中在胚的成熟阶段,这是因为一直认为能否成功再生的关键在于胚发育成熟阶段的处理.然而,在过去几年里,结合生理生化以及分子生物学的研究发现,胚胎发生的早期阶段对于完成整个发育过程也是至关重要的,早期阶段培养条件的优化可以显著提高培养过程中体细胞胚的数量和质量.此外,萌发过程培养条件的调节对于提高成熟体细胞胚的萌发率和转换率也很重要.因此,这些新的研究成果对于改善松柏类植物体细胞胚胎发生中的胚的诱导率和转换率低的现象具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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大蒜生产主要靠无性繁殖 ,因此 ,进行大蒜体细胞胚发育研究具有重要意义。本文对大蒜体细胞胚发育的影响因子进行了综述 ,其中较高浓度的维生素B1 及还原态氮源可能有利于胚胎发生 ,而大蒜体细胞内含物则不利于胚胎发生。此外 ,对大蒜体细胞胚培养中存在的主要问题进行了讨论 ,并认为系统开展体细胞胚发生的细胞分子生物学机理研究、建立悬浮培养体系以及进行大蒜体细胞胚无性系变异的研究等 ,具有广阔的前景。 相似文献
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大蒜生产主要靠无性繁殖,因此,进行大蒜体细胞胚发育研究具有重要意义。本文对大蒜体细胞胚发育的影响因子进行了综述,其中较高浓度的维生素B1及还原态氮源可能有利于胚胎发生,而大蒜体细胞内含物则不利于胚胎发生。此外,对大蒜体细胞胚培养中存在的主要问题进行了讨论,并认为系统开展体细胞胚发生的细胞分子生物学机理研究、建立悬浮培养体系以及进行大蒜体细胞胚无性系变异的研究等,具有广阔的前景。 相似文献
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植物体细胞胚胎发生的诱导与调节研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物体细胞胚胎发生的诱导与调节研究进展陈以峰(江苏省农科院遗传生理所,南京210014)植物体细胞胚胎发生是一个复杂的发育过程,受到多种内、外因素的影响与调节,研究体细胞胚胎发生诱导与调节既是一个基本的理论问题,更为重要的是,这方面的成果为提高植株再... 相似文献
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植物体细胞胚发生中ATP酶活性时空分布动态与内源激素的变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文以我们的研究结果为基础,并结合国内外近几年有关研究报道,对植物体细胞胚发生中的超策结构和ATP酶活性时空分布动脉及内源激素的变化和作用进行专题评述。(1)超微结构的变化:当植物体细胞一量转化为胚性细胞后,各种细胞器相继增加,不仅丰富而且活跃,特别是线粒体内发达,有的正处于分裂状态;核糖体聚集成多聚核糖体;质体中含大量淀粉粒,接着出现高尔基体等。早期胚性细胞与周围细胞还存在胞间连丝,随着胚性细胞壁的加厚,胞间连丝也随之消失。(2)ATP酶时空分布动态:早期的胚性细胞中ATP酶反应产物主要沉积于质和液泡上,后期ATP酶活性转入细胞内,液泡和细胞核中,而且在胚性细胞壁加厚处有活跃的A5P酶活性反应,并证明ATP酶活性是在胚性细胞发生过程中形成的。(3)内源激素的变化与作用:在体细胞胚诱导过程中内源激素起着关键性作用,内源生长素含量的提高为胚性细胞的诱导奠定了基础,细胞分裂素含量的增加可促进胚性细胞的分裂和增殖,ABA不仅提高了体细胞胚的诱导频率,而且促进了体细胞胚的正常发育。 相似文献
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Mature embryos of Acanthopanax senticosus explanted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 0.5 mg/1 2,4-D developed somatic embryos directly from swollen cotyledon and embryo axes within one to two months. When the somatic embryos were transferred to medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.5 mg/1) or IAA (1–3 mg/1) or Zeatin (0.5 mg/1) and NAA (0.2 mg/1), additional somatic embryos developed. Most (93%) embryos germinated on the above medium without 2,4-D. Sixty-two percent of the plantlets survived in soil. Histological observations revealed that the somatic embryos originated from cell masses of epidermal and sub-epidermal origin. There was no cytological separation zone between the somatic embryos and cultured expiants. Consequently, embryos were difficult to separate from their expiant tissue. 相似文献
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Thirty-two barley cultivars grown in Spain, 18 of the two-row type and 14 of the six-row type, were screened for plant regeneration
from cultured immature embryos. Although there was much variation in regeneration capacity among the cultivars, plants were
obtained from all cultivars except Almunia. No statistical differences were found in the percentage of regeneration between
two- and six-row types. The influence of the auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dicamba, and picloram on the induction
and maintenance of embryogenesis and regeneration capacity after 3–4 months in culture, were evaluated for cultivars Cobra,
Hop and Reinette. Hop had the highest rates of maintenance of embryogenic capacity and plant regeneration. The medium containing
dicamba gave the best embryogenic callus induction, maintenance and regeneration. Five regeneration media, differing in growth
regulators and micronutrient composition, as well as partial desiccation of the calli before regeneration, were tested. The
regeneration medium containing 10 μm copper sulfate gave the best results. Regeneration frequencies after 3–4 months in culture of cultivar Hop were raised from
59.5 to 93.7% in this medium. Silver nitrate and partial desiccation of the calli also enhanced plant regeneration, but the
medium containing 10 μm of silver nitrate reduced root formation.
Received: 30 October 1997 / Revision received: 3 April 1998 / Accepted: 17 April 1998 相似文献
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Factors Influencing Somatic Embryogenesis Induction and Plant Regeneration with Particular Reference to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Malgorzata D. Gaj 《Plant Growth Regulation》2004,43(1):27-47
The broad applications of somatic embryogenesis, both in basic and applied research, have stimulated studies on the determination of in vitro conditions for the induction of somatic embryos and their conversion into plants. As a result, efficient protocols on SE induction and plant regeneration have recently become available for many plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., a model plant in genetics and embryogenesis.Studies on factors controlling in vitro plant morphogenesis are highly desirable not only for the development of improved regeneration systems, but also for the analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying plant embryogenesis. This review focuses on the conditions influencing the induction of embryogenic potential in in vitro cultured plant cells. The roles of explant type, endo- and exogenous plant growth regulators and stress factors in the induction of somatic embryogenesis are especially emphasized. Possible mechanisms by which different factors induce or modify embryogenic competence in cultured plant cells are also discussed. Since the production of genetically solid and true-to-type plants is desired, especially for transformation and micropropagation practice, the problem of the genetic characteristics of regenerants, in terms of their chimerism and somaclonal variation, is discussed in some detail.Special consideration is given to A. thaliana– a major model plant species for classical genetics and genomics. Recent availability of efficient embryogenic cultures in this organism makes it possible to benefit from advanced genomic research of Arabidopsis to study plant embryogenesis on the molecular level. 相似文献
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陆地棉体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生 总被引:56,自引:1,他引:56
利用陆地棉品种下胚轴为外植体进行体外培养研究。激素和品种是影响愈伤诱导和胚胎发生的主要因素。去除激素后胚性愈伤在固体培养基上只能形成少量的成熟胚。悬浮培养是获得大量成熟胚的中间步骤。悬培两周后,悬培物转到固体培养基上促进胚状体成熟,30—60目之间的悬培物比大于30目的悬培物易形成成熟胚。KT 0.1ppm、Zea 0.1ppm分别有效地促进了胚状体成熟。活性碳250mg/L、NAA 0.1ppm、IBA 0.1ppm和IAA 0.1ppm能使胚状体萌发并健壮生长。目前已得到100多株幼苗,大苗已达八片真叶。 相似文献