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用分离精子进行性别控制研究的现状 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
哺乳动物后代性别控制的方法有两种,即植入前胚胎性别的选择和受精前精子的分离,后者是动物性别控制最有效的途径。目前最有重复性、科学性和有效性的分离精子的方法,是根据精子DNA含量存在差异的原理,利用荧光染料与DNA相结合,并通过流动细胞检索分离仪进行精子的分离。 相似文献
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精子的各种功能状态反应了精子的受精能力。检测精子质膜完整性的荧光探针有SYBR-14,SYTO-17,CFDA、CDMFDA、CAM、PI、Hoechst33258、Hoechst33342,其中以SYBR-14结合PI使用效果最好,检测线粒体活性的荧光探针有JC-1、MITO、Rh123,JC-1比MITO和Rh123更适用于检测精子线粒体功能,检测顶体状态的荧光探针有PNA-FITC、PSA-FITC、LYSO-G及CTC等。检测获能状态的荧光探针有CTC。此外,还可以通过检测精子与透明带的结合能力、精子穿入去透明带卵子的能力以及使卵子受精的能力和其后胚胎的发育能力等方面来评价精子的功能状态。 相似文献
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蛋白质的表达、修饰及相互作用的研究已成为后基因组学时代蛋白质组学中的重要内容。蛋白质磷酸化和去磷酸化作为最普遍的翻译后修饰之一,是精子细胞信号转导和酶调控、表达的主要分子机制,亦是精子、卵细胞信号识别及完成受精作用的关键环节。对精子磷酸化蛋白功能的研究有助于深入理解精子的获能、超激活运动的维持、发生顶体反应及精卵结合等受精过程的分子调控机理。对哺乳动物精子磷酸化蛋白质组学的研究进展,包括动物精子磷酸化蛋白质组学研究的技术方法、磷酸化蛋白质种类的鉴定、定量及其功能分析进行了综述,为进一步发掘与受精相关的重要生物标志物,揭示精子发育、繁殖潜能变化及受精分子机理奠定基础。 相似文献
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哺乳动物精子冷冻的抗氧化研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工授精是迄今为止应用最广泛并最有成效的辅助生殖技术,而高品质的精液是提高人工授精受胎率的关键。近年来在家畜精液冷冻保存技术中应用抗氧化剂的研究受到广泛关注,通过添加抗氧化剂降低了精子在冷冻保存过程中所遭受的氧化损伤,提高了冷冻精液质量和母畜的受胎率。可添加的抗氧化剂种类很多,通常有维生素类和酶类抗氧化剂等。针对目前抗氧化剂在大熊猫精液上应用研究甚少的现状,该文对哺乳动物精子的氧化损伤机制和常用的抗氧化剂进行综述,期望对大熊猫的相关研究提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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本试验获得牛犊雌性控制率达81.8%(Table1)。十头母牛产犊十一头:二雄,九雄,其中一头产异性双犊。于1.08-1.10蔗糖密度梯度之间,可以清楚地观察到Y精子能被荧光素染色(Table2);H-Y抗血清处理改变Y精子的荧光染爸,说明对Y精子有抑制作用(Table3)。制备有一定纯度和效价的H-Y抗血精IgG用以性别化处理精子;通过人工受精技术、使母牛得到受处理的精子而正常受胎。本试验结果对奶牛性别控制的前景是美好的。 相似文献
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自本世纪伊始,就有许多有关分离X精子(具有X染色体的精子)和Y精子(具有Y染色体的精子)的研究报告.近年来,美国、日本等国相继报道分离人和牛的X、Y精子获得成功,然而其实验效果的重复性极低.本文仅就最近有关X、Y精子的分离研究进展情况作以扼要的介绍. 相似文献
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Foote RH 《Theriogenology》1985,24(2):197-202
Semen from two high fertility Holstein bulls with extensive histories in artificial insemination was specially processed for the purpose of sexing and then frozen. The semen was used to inseminate 200 open crossbred beef heifers carefully selected for reproductive soundness from a much larger group. Animals were inseminated alternately with the semen from one of the two bulls and subsequently slaughtered. There were 96 fetuses, ranging in age from 63 to 88 days, which were carefully examined for general appearance, fetal crown-rump length and body weight. There was no effect of sire on fetal size, but the difference between fetal sexes was significant, with the male fetus being appreciably heavier. The regression of fetal length on fetal age was linear and the regression of fetal weight on fetal age was curvilinear. Fetal age accounted for 92% to 96% of the variation in fetal weight and also in crown-rump length. 相似文献
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Flow cytometric techniques were used to measure relative DNA content of X and Y chromosome-bearing bull, boar, and ram sperm populations and to separate the two sex-determining populations. Neat semen was prepared for flow cytometric analysis by washing, light sonication, and staining with 9 μM Hoechst 33342. Computer analysis of the bimodal histograms showed mean X-Y DNA differences of 3.9, 3.7, and 4.2% for bull, boar, and ram, respectively. Flow cytometric reanalysis of sorted bull, boar, and ram sperm showed purities greater than 90%. Bull, boar, and ram sperm nuclei were microinjected into hamster oocytes. Microinjected sperm were either unsorted, sorted, unsorted plus dithio-threitol (DTT) exposure, or sorted plus DTT exposure. Following microinjection, eggs were incubated 3 hr, fixed, and stained. A total of 579 eggs was observed for sperm activation (decondensation or formation of a male pronucleus). A lower percentage of sorted than unsorted (3 vs. 23%) boar sperm was activated (P <.05). However, sorted and unsorted DTT-exposed boar sperm or sorted and unsorted bull or ram sperm, regardless of DTT treatment, did not differ significantly. Sorted sperm nuclei of both rams and bulls exhibited higher activation rates than sorted boar sperm (P <.05). Treatment of sperm with DTT increased the activation rate (P < .05) for sorted boar sperm but not for bull or ram sperm. These data represent the first separation of bull, boar, and ram X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm populations and the first evidence that sperm of domestic animals sorted on the basis of DNA by flow cytometric procedures have the ability to decondense and to form pronuclei upon injection into a hamster egg. 相似文献
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对检测分析分离精液中X、Y精子纯度的方法进行了综述, 并将各种方法的原理、技术操作过程和方法的优缺点进行了比较分析。认为如能在技术上有所突破, 提高方法的灵敏度、精确性, 降低检测时间, 单精子巢式PCR方法将可能成为一种低成本、常规化的检测手段, 在精子分离方法优化研究中发挥更大的作用, 并推动其他单精子遗传检测技术取得新进展。 相似文献
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目的:确定适合于猴头多糖分离纯化的方法。方法:以液体发酵生产的猴头菌丝为材料,提取猴头菌丝多糖进行分离纯化,以得到多糖纯品。结果:猴头菌丝粗多糖采用Sevag法除蛋白的次数应该控制在5-8次,而且Sevag法除蛋白所得的HMP,经DEAE-纤维素柱层析初步纯化,多糖主要分布在蒸馏水洗脱部分,命名为HMPⅠ,其含量为67.5%;HMPⅠ经Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析纯化,得到两个组分:HMPⅠa、HMPⅠb;HMPⅠa为多糖主要组分,含量为71.8%;HMPⅠa经纯度鉴定为多糖纯品。结论:DEAE-纤维素柱层析结合Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析的纯化方法,可以获得猴头多糖纯品。 相似文献
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利用电渗析技术 ,分离化学合成牛磺酸所生成的牛磺酸与硫酸钠混合水溶液 ,可以回收所生成牛磺酸的 78.1 % ,理论产量的 6 4 .7% ,与传统化学分离法相比有很多优点 相似文献
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M. J. CARMONA N. DIMAS‐FLORES E. M. GARCÍA‐ROGER M. SERRA 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2009,22(10):1975-1983
Cyclical parthenogens, which combine asexual and sexual reproduction, are good models for research into the ecological and population processes affecting the evolutionary maintenance of sex. Sex in cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers is necessary for diapausing egg production, which is essential to survive adverse conditions between planktonic growing seasons. However, within a planktonic season sexual reproduction prevents clonal proliferation. Hence, clones with a low propensity for sex should be selected, becoming dominant in the population as the growing season progresses. In this context, we studied the dynamics of the heritable variation in propensity for sexual reproduction among clones of a Brachionus plicatilis rotifer population in a temporary Mediterranean pond during the period the species occurred in plankton. Clonal isolates displayed high heritable variation in their propensity for sex. Moreover, the frequency of clones with low propensity for sex increased during the growing season, which supports the hypothesized short‐term selection for low investment in sex within a growing season. These results demonstrate (1) the inherent instability of the cyclical parthenogenetic life cycle, (2) the cost of sexual reproduction in cyclical parthenogens where sex produces diapausing eggs and (3) the role of the association between sexual reproduction and diapause in maintaining sex in these cyclical parthenogens. 相似文献
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Eric L. Charnov 《Evolutionary ecology》1996,10(5):457-462
Summary Sex allocation theory is developed for hermaphrodites having frequent copulations and long-term sperm storage. Provided the sperm displacement mechanisms are similar to those known in insects, the ESS allocation to sperm versus eggs satisfies a rather simple rule. There are no data to test this rule, as yet. 相似文献
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Halina Krzanowska 《Molecular reproduction and development》1989,23(3):357-365
Dissociation of the X-Y chromosome bivalent in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes of adult mice was significantly more frequent in the CBA strain (29%) than in C57, KP, or KE strains (7–11%). Autosome dissociatio (1–5%) involved only the smallest chromosome pairs. Eleyatedfrequency of X-Y dissociation in the CBA strain correlates with significantly lower testes weight and lower yield of spermatogenesis, which suggests that sex bivalent dissociation man be responsible for some loss of spermatogenic cells. However, sperm quality is not affected, the percentage of normal spermatozoa and their fertlizing capacity being higher in CBA thatn in the remaining strains. Two congenic strains, KE and KE. CBA (the latter with the Y chromosome introduced from CBA), had the same level of X-Y dissociatios, suggesting that the Y chromosome plays no rle in the determination of this character. In comparison with adult males pubertal (27–29 day-old) males had twice as hig a frequency of X-Y dissociation in KE an KP strains, and combined frequeicies of dissociated sex and autosome bivalents were significantly higher in pubertal males of all tested strains. Although te level of chromosome dissociation is not sufficient to explain increased mortality of germ cells observed in pubertal males, it could be one of the contributing factors. 相似文献
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Sperm storage is a widespread phenomenon across taxa and mating systems but its consequences for central fitness parameters, such as sex ratios, has rarely been investigated. In Australian painted dragon lizards (Ctenophorus pictus), we describe elsewhere that male reproductive success via sperm competition is largely an effect of sperm storage. That is, sperm being stored in the female reproductive tract out-compete more recently inseminated sperm in subsequent ovarian cycles. Here we look at the consequences of such sperm storage for sex allocation in the same species, which has genetic sex determination. We show that stored sperm have a 23% higher probability of producing sons than daughters. Thus, shifts in sex ratio, for example over the reproductive season, can partly be explained by different survival of son-producing sperm or some unidentified female mechanism taking effect during prolonged storage. 相似文献
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Abstract. Males are predicted to strategically allocate sperm across mating partners in order to maximize their chances of paternity. This requires that males have the ability to detect aspects of their partner's mating history or the number of potential mates. We investigated whether simultaneous hermaphrodites mating in the male role strategically adjust sperm transfer depending on rearing conditions. The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (Basommatophora) is known to donate sperm repeatedly to different partners during a breeding season and store received sperm for >3 months. The rearing conditions of the donor as well as the recipient affect the amount of sperm transferred. Sperm donors raised in isolation transfer more sperm than those raised in groups. Furthermore, isolated sperm donors transfer less sperm to partners that were raised in groups than to those raised in isolation, i.e., virgins. These findings suggest that snails raised in isolation shift their sex allocation toward the male function and indicate that they can somehow assess the mating status of their partner. 相似文献