人干扰素α 2b-胸腺肽α 1融合基因在家蚕细胞中的表达和活性研究

根据细胞因子协同作用的特点,采用重组DNA技术构建了人干扰素(IFN)α2b-胸腺肽(THY)α1融合基因,克隆到pBacPAK8上,获得重组转移载体pBacPAK-IFN-THY.与线形化Bm-BacPAK6病毒基因组DNA共转染家蚕细胞,经过体内重组,筛选到重组病毒Bm-BacPAK-IFN-THY.将Bm-BacPAK-IFN-THY感染家蚕细胞进行表达.DNA印迹证明IFN-THY已插入Bm-BacPAK6中（4 kb左右的杂交带）;SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、蛋白质印迹证明IFN-THY在家蚕细胞中得到了表达（分子质量为23 ku左右）,且具有IFN蛋白的免疫原性;微量细胞病变抑制法和玫瑰花结法显示96 h的表达产物IFN活性为3.72×10⁴ U/ml,120 h表达产物IFN活性为3.10×10⁵ U/ml,48～72 h表达产物IFN活性较低;48～120 h表达产物的玫瑰花结形成率均在10％以上.结果表明融合基因在家蚕细胞中得到了高效表达,表达的融合蛋白具有IFN-α2b和THY-α1的双重生物活性.     

人白细胞介素-11基因在家蚕培养细胞和虫体内的表达

将缺少编码信号肽序列的人白细胞介素 11(hIL 11) 5 46核苷酸cDNA ,重组于质粒pBacPAK8构建重组转移载体pBacIL 11,与经线性化修饰的家蚕核型多角体病毒 (BmBacPAK)DNA共转染家蚕培养细胞株BmN ,获得了插入hIL 11基因的重组病毒。Southern杂交表明重组病毒基因组中含有hIL 11基因片段 ,RNA斑点杂交表明hIL 11基因得到了转录。重组病毒感染BmN细胞株、家蚕幼虫和蛹 ,在细胞培养上清、细胞抽提物、幼虫和蛹的体液样品中 ,SDS PAGE电泳分析都能检测得到表达产物的特异性条带 ;采用IL 11依赖细胞株B9- 1 1 和MTT法测定表达产物的生物活性 ,表明hIL 11基因分别在培养细胞和蚕体内得到了高效表达     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原基因在昆虫体系中的表达

利用组建的苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)非融台蛋白基因转移载体将乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)基因成功地插入粉纹夜蛾(Tn)NPV中,HBsAg基因在感染了重组病毒的草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)离体细胞以及粉纹夜蛾和蓖麻蚕等虫体中获得了表达,免疫电镜下观察到典型的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原22nm颗粒。感染重组病毒的蓖麻蚕预蛹每克蛹重可产HBsAg蛋白1．6μg。表达产物经DEAE－纤维素层析得到的HBsAg粗提物可作临床检测用,再经抗体亲和柱层析可得到纯的HBsAg。     

人白细胞介素-11基因在家蚕培养细胞和虫体内的表达

将缺少编码信号肽序列的人白细胞介素－11（hIL-11)546核苷酸cDNA,重组于质粒pBacPAK8构建重组转移载体pBacIL-11,与经线性化修饰的家蚕核型多角体病毒（BmBacPAK)DNA共转染家蚕培养细胞株BmN,获得了插入hIL-11基因的重组病毒。Southern杂交表明重组病毒基因组中含有hIL-11基因片段,RNA斑点杂交表明hIL-11基因得到了转录。重组病毒感BmN细胞株、家蚕幼虫和蛹,在细胞培养上清、细胞抽提物、幼虫和蛹的体液样品中,SDS－PAGE电泳分析都能检测得到表达产物的特异性条带;采用IL－11依赖细胞株B9－11和MTT法测定表达产物的生物活性,表明rIL-11基因分别在培养细胞和蚕体内得到了高效表达。     

人血管抑素（k1—3）在家蚕细胞和幼虫中的表达及活性测定

将人血管抑素 (angiostatin)基因重组于家蚕杆状病毒转移载体 pBacPAK8中 ,获得重组转移载体pBacPAK angiostatin ,并与被线性化的Bm BacPAK6病毒DNA共转染家蚕细胞 ,获得重组病毒BacPAK angiostatin。DNA点杂交结果表明重组病毒基因组中含有血管抑素基因。重组病毒以MOI=10感染家蚕细胞 (2×10 6个细胞 /瓶 )和家蚕 5龄幼虫 ,表达产物用体外培养的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞 (ECV30 4 )及体内鸡胚尿囊膜(CAM)新生血管实验检测其抑制活性 ,测得血管抑素可明显抑制体外培养的内皮细胞增殖 ,家蚕细胞的产物活性在表达 72h达到最高值 ,在 2× 10 6个细胞中的表达量约 2 2u ;在家蚕体内表达 14 4h生物活性达到最高值 ,表达量约 15 9u/ml。2 .5u/ml的血管抑素能使ECV30 4细胞在 2 4h发生明显凋亡 ;可使CAM新生血管化率明显下降。此外 ,用ELISA、Western印迹方法测定了表达产物的免疫反应性。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒多聚蛋白基因在家蚕中的表达

将传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)细胞致弱株(JD1株)的基因组A节段基因重组于家蚕杆状病毒转移载体pAcHLT-C中,获得的重组转移载体pAcHLT-C-A与线性化病毒Bm-BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕培养细胞,获得重组病毒BacPAK-A。DIG标记的DNA点杂交证实重组病毒基因组中含有A节段基因,重组病毒感染家蚕5龄幼虫进行表达, ELISA和Western blotting等结果表明多聚蛋白基因在蚕体内得到了表达,表达产物具有免疫反应性,表达量在感染后5～6 d达到最高。家蚕生物反应器表达IBDV多聚蛋白具有我国的资源优势,为今后研制低成本、实用化的IBDV基因工程疫苗打下基础。     

转座子介导的多角体基因表达及提高病毒粒子的感染效率

现行的杆状病毒表达外源基因的方法是将外源基因取代病毒中的多角体基因,因而得到的重组杆状病毒感染活体时不能经口感染,只能进行针刺注射,效率低且易引起活体感染其他疾病。将家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mor inucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV)中的多角体基因(polyhedrin,poly)及其启动子片段克隆到转座子载体pigA3GFP中,将其与辅助质粒pHA3PIG利用脂质体介导法导入家蚕细胞中,经过多次筛选获得稳定的转基因家蚕细胞。之后先将BmPAK6(含LacZ)及BmGFP(含GFP)重组病毒分别感染转基因细胞,再将得到的重组病毒经口感染5龄家蚕幼虫。结果显示,重组杆状病毒可以经口感染家蚕幼虫。这些研究表明来自于转基因家蚕细胞的poly基因表达产物可以提高重组杆状病毒经口感染家蚕率,为解决杆状病毒表达系统中重组病毒不能经口感染家蚕幼虫的问题提供新思路。     

利用优化改造的家蚕杆状病毒表达系统提高NS1表达产量

为优化家蚕杆状病毒表达系统,提高外源基因的表达产量。文中通过同源重组技术,用串联的氯霉素基因(Cm)表达盒和绿色荧光蛋白基因(egfp)表达盒将其替换,从而获得Chitinase和Cystein Protease两个基因缺失的家蚕杆状病毒载体。通过转座,将多角体启动子控制的家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)ns1基因表达盒,定点插入到改造后的该分子载体中。将重组载体转染Bm N细胞,获得能表达家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)NS1的缺失型重组病毒;另外,将多角体启动子控制的ns1基因转座到野生型Bm-bacmid中,获得能表达Bm BDV NS1的野生型重组病毒。将这两种病毒分别皮下注射家蚕,对感染后的家蚕血液中NS1表达水平进行比较,发现缺失Chitinase和Cystein Protease重组病毒感染的家蚕血液中,NS1的表达量是对照组的3倍,从而建立了一种高效表达可溶性NS1蛋白的方法,为靶蛋白的结构与功能研究奠定基础。     

鸡贫血病毒VP1和VP2蛋白在家蚕中的联合表达

将鸡贫血病毒vp1和vp2基因分别克隆入转移载体pBacPAK8中,获得重组转移质粒pBac-vp1和pBac-vp2。以上两质粒分别与Cvn Ⅰ酶切线性化的亲本病毒Bm\|BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕细胞,通过蓝白斑筛选,纯化得到重组病毒Bm-vp1和Bm-vp2。PCR分析表明vp1和vp2基因已整合进杆状病毒基因组中。将Bm-vp1和Bm-vp2共感染5龄家蚕,通过表达产物免疫SPF鸡产生的抗血清与CAV感染的MDCCMSB1细胞的间接荧光抗体分析,证明表达产物能诱导鸡产生相应的抗体,而且能够保护子代鸡免受CAV的攻击。该研究表明,表达VP1和VP2蛋白的重组家蚕杆状病毒(Recombinant BmNPV)是很有前途的CAV亚单位疫苗的生产系统。     

家蚕细胞和虫体产生抗人小细胞肺癌抗体

用重组昆虫病毒表达系统,在家蚕细胞和虫体表达了抗人小细胞肺癌人-鼠嵌合抗体。重组病毒rNPVL2,rNPVH17及双重组病毒rNPVLH19感染的家蚕细胞和虫体血淋巴中都检测到抗体分子的表达。双重组病毒的双基因共表达部分产物可装配。ELISA分析表明抗体重轻链基因共表达产物具有比单基因表达产物高得多的与小细胞肺癌细胞免疫结合功能。     

重组家蚕核型多角体病毒表达乙肝病毒S区抗原

报道了将乙型肝炎病毒（ａｄｒ亚型）Ｓ区基因（共６８１ｎｔ）克隆于家蚕核型多角体病毒的基因组中,并将其导入家蚕细胞,通过多轮筛选得到纯的重组家蚕杆状病毒,用该病毒接种家蚕,初步证明能够得到乙肝表面抗原的高效表达,在家蚕幼虫的血淋巴和蛹体中其用ＰＲＨＡ法检测的滴度可达１∶４０９６。     

Silkworm, Bombyx mori larvae expressed the spider silk protein through a novel Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV baculovirus

Abstract:  The silkworm has become an ideal multicellular eukaryotic model system for basic research. The major advantages of expressing foreign genes in silkworm larvae are the low cost of feeding, the extremely high levels of expression achievable compared with expression in cell lines and increased safety because the baculovirus is noninfectious to vertebrates. In this study, we used a recently developed Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmid to express the spider flagelliform silk gene in silkworm larvae. The recombinant bacmid baculoviruses (rBacmid/BmNPV/Flag) were introduced into the first-day larvae of the fifth instar by subcutaneous injection. The worms presented symptoms typical of NPV infection from 72 h after injection compared with control. The haemolymph was collected from the infected larvae 120 h post-infection and the recombinant 6× His-tagged Flag protein was purified by the Ni-NTA spin kit under denaturing conditions with 8  m urea. A 37.0-kDa protein was visualized both in rBacmid/BmNPV/Flag-infected haemolymph and eluting fraction. The results showed that the Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV baculovirus expression system is an efficient tool to express the target gene in silkworm larvae, which takes only 7–10 days for generating recombinant baculovirus, compared with the traditional homologous recombination method, which needs at least 40 days for multiple rounds of purification and amplification of viruses.     

百日咳、白喉、破伤风、乙型肝炎联合疫苗的实验研究

对制备无细胞百日咳菌苗、白喉、破伤风、乙型肝炎联合疫苗的实验室条件进行了初步探索,实验结果表明,联合疫苗的配方以每毫升无细胞百日咳组分１５－１８μｇ．ＰＮ、白喉类毒素３０ｌｆ、破伤风类毒素７－１０ｌｆ和基因工程乙肝表面抗原２０μｇ为宜,稀释缓冲液选用０．８５％ＮａＣｌ溶液吸附效果较好,动物实验证明联合疫苗中各组分均安全有效。     

Enhanced production of secretory beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 fusion protein into hemolymph of Bombyx mori larvae using recombinant BmNPV bacmid integrated signal sequence

The enhanced secretion of beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta3GnT2) fusion protein into the hemolymph of Bombyx mori larvae was studied using a recombinant B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmid integrating seven signal sequences. When the BmNPV bacmid encoding the signal sequences from the silkworm B. mori bombyxin (bx) and B. mori prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (ppae) was injected into silkworm larvae, 56.1 and 51.5mU/ml beta3GnT, respectively, were secreted into the hemolymph of silkworm larvae. For bx, 97.3% of the total beta3GnT activity was secreted into hemolymph, and only 1.1% remained in the intestines of silkworm larvae. For ppae, 90.8% of the total beta3GnT activity was secreted to the hemolymph, but 7.8% remained in the intestines of silkworm larvae. Using the BmNPV bacmid encoding bx, the amount of secreted beta3GnT was 91mug per larva, which was 2.5% of the total amount of protein in the hemolymph.     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的微团化及其免疫刺激复合物抗原的理化特性和免疫原性

本文用哺乳动物细胞系表达的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg),制备了HBsAg的微团化(Micelle)和免疫剂激复合物(Immune-stimulating Complexes,简称ISCOMS)两种形式的抗原。在电镜下观察,微团化抗原是由球形亚单位颗粒组成直径100～150nm的较原颗粒大得多的大颗粒,在蔗糖中的浮力密度为1.24g/ml;而ISCOMS在电镜下为直径30～40nm左右稍大于原颗粒的多面体形态颗粒。SDS-PAGE分析表明,这两种形式的颗粒都是由HBsAg的P23和GP27蛋白所组成。 小鼠免疫接种结果显示,ISCOMS的免疫原性优于微团化抗原,后者又优于原22nm HBsAg颗粒。在抗体产生的速度和强度上,ISCOMS组显著优于微团化抗原组,而微团化抗原组略优于22nm HBsAg组。 ISCOMS的免疫性强,抗体产生早,强度高,又易于制备,而且不需要使用氢氧化铝胶佐剂,有可能发展成为一种新一代的乙型肝炎疫苗。     

柞蚕核型多角体病毒载体在培养细胞和休眠蛹中的基因表达效果

柞蚕核型多角体病毒（AnpeNPV）作为基因表达载体在柞蚕培养细胞（AnPe细胞）和柞蚕蛹中已经成功地表达出了外来基因，并生产出了大量蛋白质。本文比较了AnpeNPV与苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcMNPV)、家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)和美国白蛾核型多角体病毒(HycuNPV)基因表达载体在培养细胞和昆虫活体组织内的β-半乳糖苷酶基因表达效果。结果显示，5×105个细胞中β-半乳糖苷酶的最高酶活性分别是AnpeNPV在AnPe细胞为40.9 units/ml （TC-100培养液，FBS10%）和59.9 units/ml（SF-900Ⅱ培养液），AcMNPV在Sf9细胞为72.4 units/ml（TC-100，FBS10%）和66.4 units/ml（SF-900Ⅱ）、在High5细胞为326 units/ml（EX-CELL 405培养液），BmNPV在Bm4细胞为15.1 units/ml（TC-100，FBS10%），HycuNPV在SpIm细胞为68.6 units/ml（SF-900Ⅱ）。活体组织内β-半乳糖苷酶的最高酶活性分别是柞蚕雌蛹为14.3 units/g、雄蛹为11.7 units/g，家蚕幼虫是10.1 units/g。实验证明AnpeNPV/AnPe的外来基因表达水平与AcMNPV/ Sf9和HycuNPV/SpIm相似、比BmNPV/ Bm4高、不及AcMNPV/ High5；AnpeNPV/柞蚕蛹，其雌蛹比BmNPV/家蚕5龄幼虫的外来基因表达效果好、雄蛹与之无明显差异，说明AnpeNPV基因表达载体无论是在培养细胞还是昆虫活体组织中均可与其他NPV基因表达载体相媲美。柞蚕蛹由于可以机械化、大规模地操作，显示对于大量生产蛋白质具有更好的应用前景。     

A two-stage bioreactor system for the production of recombinant proteins using a genetically engineered baculovirus/insect cell system

A two-stage bioreactor scheme was developed for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins using a genetically engineered baculovirus/insect cell system. The first bioreactor was employed for cell growth and the second for cell infection. Silkworm Bm5 cells were infected with a recombinant baculovirus, BmNPV/P5.cat, containing a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of the polyhedrin gene promoter of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV). This recombinant baculovirus has been used as an expression vector for the production of recombinant CAT enzyme. A specific productivity of 82 to 90 mug CAT/(10(6) cells) was obtained using the BmNPV/Bm5 expression system, a yield similar to that achieved using the AcNPV/Sf expression system. Repeated infection of high-density cell cultures did not reduce the specific productivity of the CAT enzyme. Most importantly, the problems associated with the infection of high-density cell cultures were resolved by means of controlled infection conditions and appropriate replenishment of spent culture medium following infection. The glucose uptake rate by the cells following infection was 50% higher than that by the cells before infection. Not only did the infection of high-density cell cultures result in consistent yields of 250 mg/L of CAT enzyme, but also the two-stage bioreactor system was proven to be reliable for a long-term operation beyond 600 h. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Baculovirus studies in new,indigenous lepidopteran cell lines

Eight lepidopteran cell lines were established recently and their susceptibility to different insect viruses was studied. Two Spodoptera litura cell lines from the larval and pupal ovaries, were found highly susceptible to S. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SLNPV, 5-6 x 10(6) NPV/ml). The Helicoverpa armigera cell line from the embryonic tissue was highly susceptible to H. armigera NPV (HaNPV, 6.3 x 10(6) NPV/ml). These in vitro grown SLNPV and HaNPV caused 100% mortality to respective 2nd instar larvae. The susceptibility of the cryo-preserved cell lines to respective baculoviruses (SLNPV/HaNPV) was studied and no significant difference in their susceptibility status was observed. The cultures could grow as suspension culture on shakers and may find application for in vitro production of wild type/recombinant baculoviruses as bio-insecticides. S. litura and Bombyx mori cell lines from larval ovaries, were highly susceptible to Autographa californica NPV (5.5 x 10(6) NPV/ml) and Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV, 6.1 x 10(6) NPV/ml) respectively. These cell lines may find application in baculovirus expression vector studies for the production of recombinant proteins, useful in the development of diagnostic kits or as vaccines.     

Expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">viride</Emphasis> endoglucanase III in the larvae of silkworm, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombyx mori L.</Emphasis> and characteristic analysis of the recombinant protein

Endoglucanase is a part of cellulase which hydrolyzes cellulose into glucose. In this study, we cloned endoglucanase III (EG III) gene from Trichoderma viride strain AS 3.3711 using a PCR-based exon splicing method, and expressed EG III recombinant protein in both silkworm BmN cell line and silkworm larvae with an improved Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV mutant baculovirus expression system, which lacks the chiA and v-cath genes of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). The result showed that around 45 kDa protein was visualized in BmN cells at 48 h after the second generation recombinant mBacmid/BmNPV/EG III baculovirus infection. The enzymes from recombinant baculoviruses infected silkworms exhibited significant maximum enzyme activity at the environmental condition of pH 8.0 and temperature 50°C, and increased 20.94 and 19.13% compared with that from blank mBacmid/BmNPV baculoviruses infected silkworms and normal silkworms, respectively. It was stable at pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 and at temperature range from 40 to 60°C. It provided a possibility to generate transgenic silkworms expressing bio-active cellulase, which can catabolize dietary fibers more efficiently, and it might be of great significance for sericulture industry.     

Host range expansion by recombination of the baculoviruses Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

The mechanisms of host specificity of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) (Baculoviridae) were analyzed after coinfection of Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV) and one of four distinct groups of Spodoptera litura NPV (SlNPV), including an Autographa californica NPV (AcNPV) variant (S. Maeda, Y. Mukohara, and A. Kondo, J. Gen. Virol. 71:2631-2639, 1990), into various lepidopteran cell lines. Replication of BmNPV in nonpermissive cells (TN-386, SF-21, and CLS-79) was induced by coinfection with AcNPV but not with the other three SlNPV groups. These induced progeny NPVs were plaque purified in BmN cells, which are susceptible to only BmNPV, and characterized. Most of these isolates did not replicate in the cell lines in which they were produced, indicating the existence of a helper function of AcNPV for BmNPV replication in nonpermissive cells. Some of these isolates, however, were able to replicate in cell lines nonpermissive to BmNPV, indicating the appearance of a new virus with wider host specificity. DNA restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the isolates exhibiting wider host range were recombinant viruses between the parents, AcNPV and BmNPV, resulting from various types of crossovers of relatively large areas of their genomes. Expansion of host range was also observed in larvae.