我国3种姬蛙Microhyla骨骼系统的比较研究(Amphibian:Microhylidae)

对分布于我国的3种姬蛙:饰纹姬蛙Microhyla ornata、粗皮姬蛙M. butleri和小弧斑姬蛙M. heymonsi的骨骼系统进行了比较研究.研究发现这3种蛙的第8椎体皆为双凹型,属参差型椎体;左、右上喙软骨在中线处愈合,属典型的固胸型肩带;3种姬蛙的前喙骨、锁骨以及前胸骨都不同程度地退化甚至缺失;后胸骨保留较为完整,并且3种姬蛙的后胸骨有较为明显的差异.对姬蛙科中相关的成员进行了简单比较.     

中国鲽形目鱼类骨骼的研究Ⅰ.肩带骨及腰带骨

本文比较了中国12属14种鲽形目鱼类的肩带骨及腰带骨,并参考了Ochiai(1963)有关日本钩嘴鳎等5属5种的研究;得知这些骨骼,特别是原始肩带骨与腰带骨,有退化趋势。这似因这些鱼类在向以体一侧侧卧,类似蝶泳姿势强化,偶鳍的功能逐渐变弱或消失,故支持偶鳍运动的这些骨骼也渐退化或消失。     

白头鹤的气管解剖观察

本文首次报道白头鹤的气管形态,并与白枕鹤,灰鹤,丹顶鹤,白鹤进行比较,发现鹤属（ｇｒｕｓ）鹤类的气管在成年个体均长于体长,而幼年个体则短体长,且在胸腔内的气管伴随年龄增长而生长加长。     

鹤类的研究

世界现存鹤科鸟类共有15种,除南美洲和南极洲外,其余各洲均有分布。化石鹤计有17种,发现于始新世、渐新世、上新世和更新世。其中游荡鹤属5种,发现于始新世;鹳鹤属2种,分别发现于始新世和渐新世,这两属的鹤类均已灭绝;鹤属10种。 根据大陆漂移学说和古气候的资料,初步分析认为鹤科鸟类大约发生在7千万年以前(白垩纪末期至新生代的第三纪初期),正值世界第二次大冰期后的间冰期,气候温湿,世界上具有适于鹤类栖息的广泛环境。至第四纪冰期和喜马拉雅运动的影响,有些鹤类绝灭了,有些则继续留存。例如黑颈鹤适应了青藏高原的隆起而形成,是为最年轻的种类。蓑羽鹤广泛分布于欧、亚、非洲,蓝蓑羽鹤分布于非洲南部,有可能是最古老的种类。地中海、非洲和北美洲可能是世界鹤类的发源地。从赤颈鹤、澳洲鹤的形态看,有可能起源于冈瓦纳古陆,但从气管的形态来看,又与其他鹤属鸟类较为一致;肉垂鹤、澳洲鹤和两种冕鹤都具肉垂或垂囊,赤颈鹤亦或具肉垂。鹤属中的白鹤,其气管则与分布在非洲南部的肉垂鹤相似。无论从分类学及鹤科鸟类的起源地,均值得进一步研究。     

中国林蛙的骨骼系统

研究了中国林蛙Rana chensinensis的骨骼系统,对各部分的形态结构进行了详细的描述.鼻骨与已报道的粗皮蛙和泽蛙有所不同;鼻腔骨的形状与粗皮蛙差异极大,而与泽蛙较为接近;第8椎体双凹型,属典型的参差型脊柱;肩胸骨的基部无分叉,也无缺刻,与泽蛙和粗皮蛙不相同,上胸骨较粗皮蛙大,形状与泽蛙有差异.肩带为固胸型.     

中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪变态过程中肩带与前肢的发育及骨化次序

本文采用骨骼双染色法,对中华大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)33~46期蝌蚪的肩带及前肢骨的发育和骨化次序进行了研究。结果显示,中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪的肩带从36期开始出现,39期通过肌肉与荐前椎Ⅱ、Ⅲ连接,在45期胸骨出现,肩带各结构的出现和骨化起始于肩臼窝邻近的范围;前肢骨出现及骨化的方向是从近端到远端、从轴后到轴前的。肩带和前肢骨的出现有助于缓冲无尾两栖类登陆后运动产生的振动,反映了无尾类蝌蚪在变态过程中由水栖生活到陆栖生活的适应。     

倭蛙属(无尾目∶蛙科)肩带研究

对倭蛙属(Nanorana)已知3种:高山倭蛙(Nanorana parkeri)、倭蛙(N.pleskei)和腹斑倭蛙(N.ventripunctata)的肩带作了连续切片后进行Masson染色,发现其上喙骨(epicoracoid)的融合与重叠的状况与虎纹蛙(Rana rugulosa)较相似,而与无尾目中其它物种已知的肩带形态存在较大的差异。倭蛙属和虎纹蛙等与已知肩带类型的蛙亚科其它的物种在系统进化中可能来源于不同的最近共同祖先。     

中国的树蛙科动物并记树蛙属一新种

本文首先对树蛙科动物的特征加以简要介绍。其次对近年在海南岛野外工作期间采集的树蛙科动物一种18雄3雌加以研究,在对其外部形态观察研究的基础上,初步判断它们隶属树蛙属,又将其中雌雄各一号的肩带及前肢制成双色骨骼标本,发现其肩胸骨基部深分叉,指骨末节游离端分叉甚深且呈“Y”形,证明它们确系树蛙属动物无疑。经详细研究和比较,确定它们是树蛙属中的一个新种,现对此新种进行描述和报道。     

中国的树蛙科动物并记树蛙属一新种（图版Ⅶ，Ⅷ）

本文首先对树蛙科动物的特征加以简要介绍。其次对近年在海南岛野外工作期间采集的树蛙科动物一种18雄3雌加以研究,在对其外部形态观察研究的基础上,初步判断它们隶属树蛙属,又将其中雌雄各一号的肩带及前肢制成双色骨骼标本,发现其肩胸骨基部深分叉,指骨末节游离端分叉甚深且呈“Y”形,证明它们确系树蛙属动物无疑。经详细研究和比较,确定它们是树蛙属中的一个新种,现对此新种进行描述和报道。     

倭蛙属(无尾目:蛙科)肩带研究

对倭蛙属（Nanorana）已知3种：高山倭蛙（Nanorana parkeri）、倭蛙（N. pleskei）和腹斑倭蛙（N. ventripunctata）的肩带作了连续切片后进行Masson染色,发现其上喙骨（epicoracoid）的融合与重叠的状况与虎纹蛙（Rana rugulosa）较相似,而与无尾目中其它物种已知的肩带形态存在较大的差异.倭蛙属和虎纹蛙等与已知肩带类型的蛙亚科其它的物种在系统进化中可能来源于不同的最近共同祖先.     

Hydrological Modelling for Siberian Crane Grus Leucogeranus Stopover Sites in Northeast China

Habitat loss is one of the key factors underlying the decline of many waterbird species, including Siberian Crane (Grus leucogeranus), a threatened species worldwide. Wetlands are the primary stopover for many waterbirds and restoration of these wetlands involves both hydrological restoration and water resource management. To protect the stopover sites of Siberian Cranes, we collected Siberian Crane stopover numbers, meteorological and hydrological data, and remote sensing data from 2008 to 2011 in Momoge National Nature Reserve, one of the largest wetlands in northeastern China. A model was developed to estimate the suitability of Siberian Crane stopover sites. According to our results, the most suitable daily water level for Siberian Cranes between 2008 and 2012 occurred in the spring of 2008 and in the Scirpus planiculmis growing season and autumn of 2010. We suggest a season-dependent water management strategy in order to provide suitable conditions at Siberian Crane stopover sites.     

New species of the genus Glaesotropis (Insecta: Coleoptera: Anthribidae) from Rovno amber

A new species of the fungus weevil genus Glaesotropis is described from the Late Eocene Rovno amber. G. diadiasashai sp. nov. differs from G. weitschati and G. minor described from Baltic amber in having a longer rostrum and in the structure of its antennae, with the third and fourth antennomeres being longer than the first and second ones. Additionally, the new species differs from G. weitschati in being smaller, in having unswollen frons, and weakly and smoothly concave elytral margin near hind coxae. The new species also differs from G. minor in having an uninterrupted posterior transverse carina on the pronotum, elytra less convex longitudinally, and a slightly broadened rostrum at the attachment of antennae.     

救护白鹤与野生白鹤迁徙路线和活动规律差异分析

受伤和体弱白鹤的救护及放归是白鹤保护的重要方式之一。2014—2016年间,先后对8只救护白鹤和2只野生白鹤进行环志并安装卫星跟踪器,根据所获得的卫星跟踪数据来分析比较救护白鹤与野生白鹤在秋季迁徙路线和在重要中途停歇地的最大日活动距离、活动区分布和面积、生境类型等方面的异同。结果显示,救护白鹤放归当年与放归次年以及救护白鹤放归当年与野生白鹤的秋季迁徙路线和活动规律之间存在明显差异,但救护白鹤放归次年与野生白鹤之间差异不明显。(1)放归当年,4只救护白鹤在农田和水塘停歇1个月左右,停歇时长明显高于野生白鹤和放归次年的救护白鹤。(2)救护白鹤放归当年在跨海方式、登陆地点、停歇地点以及登陆后的迁徙方向上表现出多样性和不确定性,其中部分个体在迁徙过程中有停顿徘徊、迷失迁徙方向的现象,且跨越渤海和大别山的距离大于放归次年的救护白鹤和野生白鹤。(3)救护白鹤放归后4天内每日最大活动距离小,而后高低分化明显,无明显规律,而救护白鹤放归次年的每日最大活动距离规律变化与野生白鹤较一致。(4)与救护白鹤放归次年以及野生白鹤的活动规律相比,救护白鹤放归当年的栖息地位点变化频繁,具体表现为生境类型选择的多样化,且无明显规律,同时活动区面积较小。探索救护白鹤放归野外后与野生白鹤迁徙路线和活动规律的差异,对救护白鹤的科学放归具有指导意义。     

New genus and species of broad-nosed weevils from Baltic amber and notes on fossils of the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Arostropsis groehnigen. et sp. n. is described from Baltic amber and temporarily placed in the tribe Naupactini. It differs from all recent Naupactini genera with open corbels by very short and flattened scape, distinct lateral carina of the pronotum and elytra, and the rostrum distinctly narrower than the head capsule. The shape of head in the extinct genus is somewhat similar to that of the extant Naupactini genera with enclosed corbels (Platyomus Sahlberg, 1823 and Aptolemus Schoenherr, 1842), but differs in the slender body, open corbels, very short antennal scape and epifrons without a median sulcus (only a longitudinal depression is slightly visible). It is also similar to the Tanymecine genus Pandeleteius Schoenherr, 1834 in general appearance, but distinct by the straight anterior edge of the pronotum, lack of postocular spurs, lobes, and vibrissae, a slightly sloping elytral declivity, lateral ridges on the pronotum, subflattened antennal scape, elongate rostrum, and sparsely setose epistome. A new synonymy of the generic names Protonaupactus Zherikhin, 1971 and Sucinophyllobius Wanat & Borowiec, 1986, syn. n., is established. The Madagascan genus Corecaulus Fairmaire, 1903 is transferred from the tribe Naupactini to the Brachyderini because of its connate claws and the similarity in chaetotaxy of the epistomal area with African and Madagascar Brachyderini genera. A key to the identification of known Baltic amber genera of Entiminae is proposed. A checklist of the prepleistocene fossil Entiminae, based on V.V. Zherikhin's data, with remarks and corrections, is presented.     

中国金小科二新纪录属及二新纪录种(膜翅目,小蜂总科)

记述了金小蜂科中国2新纪录属普金小蜂属Proshizonotus Girault,1928,新尖金小蜂属Caenacis Frster,1856,及2新纪录种原普金小蜂Proshizonotus primus Bouek,1988,洁新尖金小蜂Caenacis lauta Walker,1835。普金小蜂属Proshizonotus(肿腿金小蜂亚科)复眼大且被毛,触式11173或11171,并胸腹节具中脊,前翅狭长具褐色翅斑,后足腿节中等膨大,后缘脉短于缘脉。新尖金小蜂属Caenacis(金小蜂亚科)唇基下缘微凹具2齿,唇基区具放射状脊纹,棒节3节末端收缩但不尖锐,无后头脊,并胸腹节具中脊、侧褶,颈短。提供了形态描述、分布及形态特征图。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国安息香科一新属──长果安息香属

本文描述了安息香科－新属──长果安息香属,并对新组合长果安息香的原始描述作了修订。本属与秤锤树属近缘,但村干无茎刺,具鳞芽,总状花序伞形,花无苞片,四基数,花萼管顶端平截,花冠４深裂,雄蕊８,等长,药隔不突出,子房半下位,柱头不分裂,果实特长,密被长柔毛,上部果喙细长,中部倒卵形,具８条纵梭,下部渐狭,延长成柄状,可以区别。本属的芽具鳞片,花无苞片,四基数,与银钟花属相似,但后者的花萼管顶端具４裂片,雄蕊８～１６,不等长,子房下位,柱头４分裂,果实无毛,具４或２翅和缩存花柱基部,无果喙,与前者明显不同。文中还给出了安息香科分属检索表。     

REASSESSMENT OF THE GENUS LEANCHOILIA (ARTHROPODA, ARACHNOMORPHA) FROM THE MIDDLE CAMBRIAN BURGESS SHALE, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA

Abstract:  The collection, since 1975, of over 1500 specimens of Leanchoilia Walcott by the Royal Ontario Museum has prompted reassessment of the genus and its species from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. Among new characters in Leanchoilia superlata , the type species, are the presence of two pairs of eyes, a dorsal double carina bracketing the axis of the body segments, segmentation of the gill branch of the appendages, and serration along the body edges from the posterior third of the cephalic shield to the last body segment. Leanchoilia persephone Simonetta, previously synonymized with L. superlata , is also well represented in the Burgess Shale, and is re-established as a valid species, owing to conspicuous differences from the type species. These are the absence of the diagnostic up-curving snout of the cephalic shield, the absence of carina, the shorter 'great appendages', the smooth edges of the body, and its overall shape in dorsal aspect. Leanchoilia superlata and L. persephone may be sexual dimorphs of each other. The ROM collections extend considerably the geographical distribution and stratigraphic range of Leanchoilia in western Canada.     

7种鹤形目鸟类性别的分子鉴定

生境破碎化和非法狩猎已经使很多鸟类陷入了濒危境地,笼养繁殖进行迁地保护及再引入的保护措施已经具有举足轻重的作用,鸟类性别鉴定对于有效的繁殖至关重要。然而对珍稀濒危鸟类进行安全、方便和准确的性别鉴定一直是个难题。本文运用CHD基因的一对引物2550F/2718R,对7种鹤形目鸟类:大鸨(Otis tarda)、丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、蓑羽鹤(Anthropoides virgo)、灰鹤(G.grus)、白鹤(G.leucogeranus)、白头鹤(G.monacha)和灰冠鹤(Balearica regulorum)共48只鸟,进行了有效的性别鉴定。研究结果不但对7种鹤形目鸟类的笼养繁殖和个体交换起到了指导作用,而且为今后的再引入提供了有利条件。本研究的性别分子鉴定方法适用于7种鹤形目鸟类,具有安全、方便、准确等特点,并且可以推广使用。     

中国束盲蝽属二新种记述(半翅目,盲蝽科,叶盲蝽亚科)

记述中国束盲蝽属Pilophorus 2新种,即修长束盲蝽Pilophorus elongatus sp.nov.及壮黑束盲蝽Pilophorus fortinigritus sp.nov..文中提供了新种成虫背面观照片及雄性生殖器特征图.新种模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫学研究所.     

SKULL MORPHOLOGY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF A NEW DIMINUTIVE BALAENID FROM THE LOWER PLIOCENE OF BELGIUM

Abstract:  A new small balaenid is described and compared to all fossil and living balaenid taxa. The specimen represents a new genus and species and is named Balaenella brachyrhynus . It was discovered in the Lower Pliocene of Kallo (north-west Antwerp, Belgium) and adds new information on the diversity and evolution of Balaenidae. Based on both comparative morphology and phylogenetic analysis, Balaenella brachyrhynus is morphologically closer to the genus Balaena , including the living Greenland Bowhead whale ( B. mysticetus ), and two Pliocene species ( B. montalionis and B. ricei ) from central Italy and the eastern USA. Balaenella brachyrhynus has very short nasals, a short rostrum relative to the total skull length and a horizontal supraoccipital. A cladistic treatment of 81 morphological character states scored for 10 balaenids and nine non-balaenid cetaceans revealed that the other small balaenids generally included in the genus Balaenula (including Balaenula astensis, B. balaenopsis and a Pliocene Balaenula sp. from Japan) are closer to the living genus Eubalaena (the Right whale). As the new skull is so different from the nominal Balaenula species, and as it is more closely related to Balaena than to Eubalaena , it is concluded that a small body size was a common condition in different Balaenidae clades.