厌氧菌和需氧菌性阴道混合感染发病调查

目的对妇女厌氧菌和需氧菌性阴道混合感染发病进行调查分析。方法分别采用Donders高倍镜湿片镜检法和细菌预成酶快速检测法对257例患者进行联合检测。结果257例患者中共检出单纯的需氧菌性阴道感染患者52例,占总人数的20．2％,检出单纯的厌氧菌阴道感染患者125例,占总人数的48．6％,检出厌氧菌和需氧菌性阴道混合感染患者67例,占总人数的26．1％,检出其他感染患者13例,占总人数的5％,经统计学分析,患者的厌氧菌和需氧菌性阴道混合感染的检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论厌氧菌和需氧菌性阴道混合感染,可以给临床医生应采取合理有效的措施进行及时治疗,防止阴道上行感染的发生。     

细菌性阴道感染的鉴别诊断

目的 鉴别诊断细菌性阴道感染,指导临床合理用药.方法 使用需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病五项联合测定试剂盒对妇产科门诊患者1 114例进行鉴别诊断.结果 检出:厌氧菌感染患者399例(占受检人数的35.82％),需氧菌感染患者186例(占受检人数的16.70％),厌氧菌合并需氧菌感染患者74例(占受检人数的6.64％).结论 鉴别诊断细菌性阴道感染,可指导临床合理治疗,提高治愈率.需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病五项联合测定试剂盒反应灵敏、检测快速、结果可靠,适宜在各级医疗机构推广使用.     

白带常规联合生化快速检测方法诊断下生殖道感染

目的 调查杭州市滨江区下生殖道感染情况.方法 采用白带常规检测方法联合需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病五项联合测定技术对就诊者的阴道分泌物进行检测.结果 在500名就诊者中,检出下生殖道感染患者465例,其中单一性感染216例(46.5％),混合感染患者249例(53.6％).在249例混合感染中,主要为需氧菌引起的合并感染,占混合感染的65.9％.结论 白带常规检测方法联合需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病五项联合测定技术的检测方法可对下生殖道感染作出全面明确诊断.     

晋城地区女性阴道需氧菌感染情况调查分析

目的 调查晋城地区需氧菌阴道炎(AV)的发病情况.方法 采用需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病联合测定技术对阴道分泌物进行快速检测.结果 1936例受检者中,AV患者242人,总体发病率为12.50％(242/1936).其中单纯AV感染93例,占38.43％,AV合并其他感染患者149人,占61.57％.70 ～81岁年龄组的AV发病率最高,达到了20.53％(8/39).其次为50 ～59岁年龄组和30～ 39岁年龄组,AV发病率分别为16.73％(46/275)和15.29％(98/641).40 ～49岁年龄组,AV的发病率最低,为6.63％(39/588).结论 AV易合并其他感染,应引起临床足够的重视.     

杭州市萧山区女性需氧菌阴道炎流行病学调查

目的 对杭州市萧山区女性需氧菌阴道炎(AV)进行流行病学调查与分析.方法 采用回顾性分析方法对2012年2月至2012年4月期间杭州市萧山区第四人民医院妇科就诊的1 343名女性需氧菌阴道炎感染情况进行研究.结果 1 343例就诊者中,需氧菌阴道炎患者269例,占20.03％(269/1343).其中,单纯AV患者41例(占15.24％,41/269),AV混合感染患者228例(占84.76％,228/269),AV+ BV患者107例,AV+ TV患者53例,AV+ VVC患者68例.经卡方检验,AV单纯感染和AV混合感染所占的比率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 杭州市萧山区女性需氧菌阴道炎发病率为20.03％,感染形式以混合感染为主.     

舟山地区阴道炎患者中需氧菌感染情况调查分析

摘要：目的 对门诊1 982例阴道炎患者中感染需氧菌阴道炎（AV）现状进行调查分析。方法 采用镜检法和需氧菌阴道炎/细菌性阴道病（BV）联合测定技术对1 982例主诉阴道分泌物增多、有异味、外阴瘙痒、灼痛、性交痛等症状的患者进行阴道分泌物检测。结果 在1 982例主诉阴道分泌物增多、异味、外阴瘙痒、灼痛、性交痛等症状的患者中,AV患者398例,占20.08%（398/1982）。其中,单纯AV患者61例（占15.33%,61/398）;AV混合感染患者337例（占84.67%,337/398）中AV +BV患者158例,AV +滴虫性阴道炎（TV）患者78例,AV+外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（VVC）患者101例。结论 需氧菌阴道感染日趋严重,及时正确的检测出阴道感染的病原菌、合理用药,是阴道感染提高治愈率、降低复发率的有效手段。     

需氧菌性阴道炎的研究进展

需氧菌性阴道炎是近年来认识到的一种阴道感染,主要由大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、B族链球菌等需氧菌感染引起.由于其病因及发病机制尚不清楚,目前尚无有效的治疗方案,故而成为国内外众多学者的研究热点,本文综述了近年来需氧菌性阴道炎的研究进展以及其与流产、胎膜早破、早产等不良妊娠结局之间的密切关系.     

妊娠合并需氧菌性阴道炎的微生态特征和围产结局分析

目的探讨妊娠合并需氧菌性阴道炎(aerobic vaginitis,AV)的微生态特征和围产结局。方法选取AV孕妇120例为研究对象,并与同期正常孕妇100例作对照,取阴道分泌物行湿片、涂片染色、细菌培养及检测IL-6、IL-8,回顾性分析其病原菌菌群的分布,局部IL-6、IL-8水平及其对妊娠结局的影响。结果 120例妊娠合并AV主要致病菌是:大肠埃希菌45例(37.50%)、B族链球菌34例(28.33%)、粪肠球菌20例(16.67%)、金黄色葡萄球菌12例(10.00%),这四种细菌占致病菌总数的84.17%;与正常孕妇相比,AV组孕妇胎膜早破、产褥感染、新生儿感染发生率明显升高,分别是25.00%vs 11.00%(P0.01)、12.50%vs 4.00%(P0.05)、10.83%vs 3.00%(P0.05),差异有统计学意义;而两组孕妇绒毛膜炎和早产发生率分别为8.30%vs 3.00%(P0.05)、10.83%vs9.00%(P0.05),差异无统计学意义;AV孕妇阴道分泌物中IL-6、IL-8表达的水平均明显高于正常组[(17.64±4.53)ng/Lvs(13.54±4.39)ng/L,P0.001;(38.08±6.29)ng/L vs(27.34±5.10)ng/L,P0.001]。结论孕期AV由肠源性细菌引起,可导致不良的围产结局,需要及时处理。     

纵向研究妊娠期妇女的阴道微生态状况

目的分析妊娠期妇女阴道微生态状况的纵向变化。方法选择健康无症状单胎妊娠期妇女50例,分别于孕早期（10.2±2.1）周、孕中期（24.6±3.7）周、孕晚期（33.2±3.4）周,取其阴道分泌物,进行pH、H2O2含量检测及细菌培养,并经革兰染色后在油镜下观察,进行阴道微生态（阴道菌群的密集度、多样性、优势菌、炎症反应状况等）状况评价。结果 （1）50例孕妇中,孕早期38例（76%）阴道微生态正常,其中31例（81.58%）整个孕期维持阴道微生态正常,7例（18.42%）孕妇于孕中期或孕晚期转变为阴道微生态失调;12例（24%）孕早期阴道微生态失调,其中6例（50%）于孕中期或孕晚期转变为阴道微生态正常。（2）无症状性细菌性阴道病随着孕周增加部分可自然消退40%（2/5）。（3）H2O2阳性、阴道pH低者易从阴道微生态失调转为阴道微生态正常。结论妊娠期阴道微生态是动态变化的,部分细菌性阴道炎可自然消退,H2O2阳性及低阴道pH为维持正常阴道微生态的重要因素。     

生化快速检测技术诊断需氧菌阴道炎的临床评价

目的 探讨生化快速检测法在诊断需氧菌阴道炎中的临床价值.方法 分别使用镜检法和生化快速检测法对320例疑似需氧菌阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物进行检查.结果 在320例就诊者中,生化快速检测法检出阳性患者286例,镜检法检出阳性患者283例.两种方法的符合率为96.56％[ (279+ 30)/320],二者呈高度一致性( Kappa=0.823,P＜0.05).以镜检法为诊断标准,生化快速检测法的敏感度为98.59％( 279/283)、特异度为81.08％(30/37)、阳性预测值为97.55％(279/286)、阴性预测值为88.24％(30/34).结论 生化快速检测法对需氧菌阴道炎的诊断具有较高的敏感度和特异度,值得临床推广使用.     

好氧反硝化菌的研究进展

综述了好氧反硝化菌的种类和特性、好氧反硝化菌的反硝化作用机制和影响因素.好氧反硝化菌主要包括假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)、副球菌属(Para-coccus)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等,属好氧或兼性好氧异养微生物.好氧反硝化菌能在好氧条件下进行反硝化,其主要产物是N2O,并可将铵态氮直接转化成气态产物.催化好氧反硝化菌反硝化作用的硝酸盐还原酶是周质酶而不是膜结合酶.溶解氧和C/N往往是影响好氧反硝化菌反硝化作用的主要因素.介绍了间歇曝气法、选择性培养基法等好氧反硝化菌的主要分离筛选方法.概述了好氧反硝化菌在水产养殖、废水生物处理、降解有机污染物以及对土壤氮素损失的影响方面的研究进展.     

不同低氧暴露对大鼠有氧代谢潜能的影响

目的:同时从血液运氧能力和骨骼肌氧化能力的角度,观察不同低氧暴露对机体有氧代谢潜能的影响。方法:雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分成3组(n=10):常氧对照组、12h低氧暴露组(间歇低氧暴露组)和24h低氧暴露组(持续低氧暴露组)。氧浓度为13.6%。6周后测试红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-DPG)和腓肠肌柠檬酸合成酶(CS)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性。结果:持续低氧能显著提高RBC、Hb、Hct、2,3-DPG和腓肠肌CS、SDH、MDH活性;间歇低氧除了显著提高Hb外,其它指标无明显变化。结论:持续低氧暴露同时提高机体运氧能力和骨骼肌氧化能力,可以充分提高机体有氧代谢潜能;间歇低氧暴露只能提高血氧容量,对血氧亲和力和骨骼肌氧化能力没有影响,提高机体有氧代谢潜能的效果不如持续低氧暴露。     

Aerobic denitrification in various heterotrophic nitrifiers

Various heterotrophic nitrifiers have been tested and found to also be aerobic denitrifiers. The simultaneous use of two electron acceptors (oxygen and nitrate) permits these organisms to grow more rapidly than on either single electron acceptor, but generally results in a lower yield than is obtained on oxygen, alone. One strain, formerly known as Pseudomonas denitrificans, was grown in the chemostat and shown to achieve nitrification rates of up to 44 nmol NH₃ min^–1 mg protein^–1 and denitrification rates up to 69 nmol NO _inf3 ^sup–1 min^–1 mg protein^–1.Unlike Thiosphaera pantotropha, this strain needed to induce its nitrate reductase. However, the remainder of the denitrifying pathway was constitutive and, like T. pantotropha, Ps. denitrificans probably possesses the copper nitrite reductase.     

Role of heterotrophic aerobic denitrifying bacteria in nitrate removal from wastewater

With the increase in industrial and agricultural activities, a large amount of nitrogenous compounds are released into the environment, leading to nitrate pollution. The perilous effects of nitrate present in the environment pose a major threat to human and animal health. Bioremediation provides a cost-effective and environmental friendly method to deal with this problem. The process of aerobic denitrification can reduce nitrate compounds to harmless dinitrogen gas. This review provides a brief view of the exhaustive role played by aerobic denitrifiers for tackling nitrate pollution under different ecological niches and their dependency on various environmental parameters. It also provides an understanding of the enzymes involved in aerobic denitrification. The role of aerobic denitrification to solve the issues faced by the conventional method (aerobic nitrification–anaerobic denitrification) in treating nitrogen-polluted wastewaters is elaborated.     

HERITABILITY OF AEROBIC POWER OF INDIVIDUALS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic and environmental contribution to variation in aerobic power in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. The sample consisted of 20 MZ individuals (12 females and 8 males) and 16 DZ individuals (12 females and 4 males), aged from 8 to 26 years, residents in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The twins were assessed by a multistage fitness test. The rate of heritability found for aerobic power was 77%. Based on the results, the estimated heritability was largely responsible for the differences in aerobic power. This implies that such measures are under strong genetic influence.     

The influence of storing beef aerobically or in vacuum packs on the shelf life of mince

Aims: To investigate the influence of aerobic or vacuum pack storage of beef trimmings on the microbiology, colour and odour of subsequently produced mince. Methods and Results: Trimmings stored aerobically for 7 or 10 days and in vacuum packs for 7, 10, 14 or 22 days at 0 or 5°C were minced, stored aerobically at 0 or 5°C for up to 7 days and examined daily to determine Total viable, Pseudomonas, Lactic acid bacteria, Brochothrix thermosphacta, and Enterobacteriaceae counts, colour and odour. Mincing reduced counts, particularly of Pseudomonas, B. thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae, probably because of the action free radicals released from muscle and bacterial cells. Storage of vacuum‐packed trimmings for 22 days resulted in improved mince colour and inhibition of the growth of Pseudomonas. Conclusions: The shelf life of mince from trimmings is directly influenced by the trimmings storage conditions, and longer‐term vacuum storage of trimmings produced improvements in mince quality. Significance and Impact of the Study: There appears to be no scientific rationale for limiting the storage of vacuum packaging beef trimmings to 15 days, prior to mince production, as stated in EU 835/2004. This study identifies advantages in storing trimmings in vacuum packs for at least 21 days prior to mincing, in terms of improved mince quality.     

Physical working capacity of male inhabitants from Upper Surinam

Aerobic power tests were carried out on twenty male Bushnegroes, as part of a medical survey in two villages on the Upper Marowijn river in the interior of Surinam (South America).The subjects were submitted to a discontinuous series of increasing submaximal loads by means of a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate and oxygen uptake were measured at each load. The maximum oxygen uptake was estimated according to Lange Andersen et al. (1971) and used as an index for the physical working capacity.The mean aerobic power of the Bushnegroes was 35 ml O₂/min/kg body weight or 2·2 I O₂/min per individual. These values are low in comparison with results obtained from professional forest workers in Surinam or in other countries.     

The aerobic metabolism of 14C-sugars and 14CO2 by the daughter sporocysts of Microphallus similis (JÄG) and Macrophallus pygmaeus (Levinsen) (Digenea: Microphallidae)

The sporocysts of Microphallus similis and M. pygmaeus can aerobically utilise radiosugars and ¹⁴ CO₂in vitro. Both have an EMP pathway, TCA cycle, pentose-phosphate shunt, are able to undergo transamination reactions and can synthesise some essential amino acids. Carbon dioxide fixation involves the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate.     

Purification and characterization of reaction centers from the obligate aerobic phototrophic bacteria Erythrobacter litoralis,Erythromonas ursincola and Sandaracinobacter sibiricus

Reaction centers (RC) from the species Erythrobacter (Eb.) litoralis, Erythromonas (Em.) ursincola and Sandaracinobacter (S.) sibiricus have been purified by LDAO treatment of light-harvesting-reaction center complexes and DEAE chromatography. The content and overall organisation of the RCs' chromophores, determined by linear dichroism (LD) and absorption spectroscopy, are similar to those isolated from anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria. The redox properties of the primary electron donor are pH-independent and very similar to those determined for anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria with midpoint potential values equal to 445 (± 10), 475 and 510 mV for Eb. litoralis, S. sibiricus and Em. ursincola, respectively. The RC purified from Eb. litoralis does not contain bound cytochrome (cyt), whereas RCs isolated from S. sibiricus and Em. ursincola possess a tetraheme cyt c. Each of these tetraheme cyts contains two high potential hemes and two low potential hemes. Their redox properties are very similar, with midpoint potentials equal to 385 (± 10), 305, 40, -40 mV for Em. ursincola and 355, 285, 30, -48 mV for S. sibiricus. At physiological pH, the midpoint potential of the primary electron acceptor (Q_A) varies with a slope of -60 mV/pH unit. The reduced form of Q_A presents pK values of 9, 9.8, 10.5 for S. sibiricus, Em. ursincola and Eb. litoralis, respectively. The main difference observed between RCs isolated from anaerobic photosynthetic and from obligate aerobic bacteria is the _Emvalues of Q_A which are 65 to 120 mV higher in the last case. This difference is proposed to be a major reason for the inability of these species to grow under anaerobic photosynthetic conditions.     

Activity of cytochrome c oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase in muscle tissue of slow growing (lower modal group) and fast growing (upper modal group) Atlantic salmon

Fast growing Atlantic salmon (upper modal group) exhibit a higher activity of muscle cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than the slow growing salmon (lower modal group). The ratios of CCO/LDH activity, indicate a higher aerobic/anaerobic metabolic potential of the axial muscle in the upper modal group.