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1.
黄腹山鹪莺(Prinia flaviventris)具有冬羽尾羽长于繁殖羽尾羽的特点,可能意味着一种新的生存和繁殖策略。为此,从2006年9月~2007年2月,在广东省肇庆市江溪村对黄腹山鹪莺的秋季换羽进行研究。结果显示:(1)黄腹山鹪莺成鸟繁殖羽体长和尾羽长皆极显著短于冬羽(P<0.01),繁殖羽翼长显著短于冬羽(P<0.05),其余身体量度的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)9月17日获得第一个黄腹山鹪莺换羽个体,初级飞羽已更换到P5,次级飞羽已更换到S6,11月20日后所获样本均已完成羽毛的更换。(3)初级飞羽的换羽模式为递降换羽,次级飞羽为递升换羽,尾羽为离心型换羽。(4)换羽期间,10月的个体平均体重最大,显著(P<0.01)重于11月的体重,其他各月无显著性差异(P>0.05)。据此,推测黄腹山鹪莺秋季种群换羽的持续时间约100d;相对其他羽毛而言,尾羽更换对黄腹山鹪莺生长发育的影响更为明显。  相似文献   

2.
纵纹腹小Xiao的换羽研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
报道纵纹腹小Xiao在国内的换羽情况,初级飞羽的脱换是从6-7月到9-10月份,方式是由内向外逐渐进行,左,右两翅的脱换程序几乎同步,每翅上仅有2-4枚(平均3枚)飞羽同时脱换;尾羽的换羽时期与飞羽几乎相同,方式是各尾羽几乎同时进行。  相似文献   

3.
报道纵纹腹小鸮在国内的换羽情况,初级飞羽的脱换是从6-7月到9-10月份,方式是由内向外逐渐进行,左,右两翅的脱换程序几乎同步,每翅上仅有2-4枚(平均3枚)飞羽同时脱换;尾羽的换羽时期与飞羽几乎相同,方式是各尾羽几乎同时进行。  相似文献   

4.
报道纵纹腹小鴞在国内的换羽情况。初级飞羽的脱换是从6—7月到9-10月份,方式是由内向外逐渐进行,左、右两翅的脱换程度几乎同步,每翅上仅有2—4枚(平均3枚)飞羽同时脱换;尾羽的换羽时期与飞羽几乎相同,方式是各尾羽几乎同时进行。  相似文献   

5.
纯色山鹪莺的领域鸣叫   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
鸟类鸣叫是鸟类行为研究的一项重要内容,为探究纯色山鹪莺(Prinia inornata)的鸣叫模式与其尾羽逆向变化的关系,于2007年8-10月在广东省肇庆江溪村对繁殖期纯色山鹪莺的领域鸣声等行为进行研究。运用焦点动物观察法,通过Olympus DS-20数码录音笔(100—17100Hz)和直径50cm声音收集器采集声音。行为统计以直接观察和SonyDCR-VX2000E数码摄像机录像相结合。结果如下:⑴共采集到620个鸣句,分属6种鸣句类型,其中4中为常见类型,1种为过渡类型,1种少见类型。(2)纯色山鹪莺的鸣声结构简单,变化较多,能够根据环境改变鸣声,具有识别危险程度和危险对象种类的能力。(3)鸣声均和一定的行为具有联系,4种主要鸣声类型均伴有抖尾行为出现。据此认为,纯色山鹪莺鸣唱结构简单但变化较多,而尾羽在其领域鸣叫行为中发挥了一定作用。  相似文献   

6.
生活史是鸟类生态学研究的重要内容之一,分析生活史的影响因子对于研究鸟类的生态适应具有重要意义。2007年3~9月,在广东省肇庆市江溪村对黄腹山鹪莺(Prinia flaviventris)和纯色山鹪莺(P.inornata)的繁殖参数进行了比较研究。结果表明:1)除筑巢集中期、窝卵数、巢捕食率和割草毁巢率外,两种山鹪莺各繁殖参数均存在显著性差异;2)黄腹山鹪莺的窝卵数相对较小,但卵重较大,而纯色山鹪莺则相反;3)与体重相似的9种雀形目鸟类相比,两种山鹪莺具有相对较高的年生产力;4)两种山鹪莺在部分繁殖参数上出现了分化,这可能是它们对不同巢捕食风险的响应,黄腹山鹪莺的巢捕食率相对较高,采取低窝卵数和高的卵重,而纯色山鹪莺则为高的窝卵数和低的卵重。  相似文献   

7.
黄腹山鹪莺Prinia flaviventris和纯色山鹪莺P. inornata共同体现出一个特点,其繁殖期尾羽短于其冬季尾羽,但由于两者的雄雌外形相似而难以野外鉴别.为此,我们采用CHD基因法对二者的性别进行鉴定,并通过解剖对鉴定结果进行验证.结果发现: 1) P2/ P8引物适用于这两个物种的性别鉴定,而2550F/2718R不适用; 2) 分子方法鉴定结果与解剖鉴定结果完全相符; 3) 使用非伤害性取样法拔取的羽毛中提取的DNA具有同样效果.为此,我们认为使用P2/ P8引物对这两个物种进行性别鉴定可靠,具快速鉴定的效果,而2550F/2718R引物可能不适用于莺科鸟类的性别鉴定.  相似文献   

8.
纯色鹪莺繁殖行为观察   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
纯色鹪莺(Prinia inornata)具有繁殖期身体量度小于非繁殖期的特性,开展相关研究对了解鸟类新的生存和繁殖策略有重要意义。从2005年12月至2006年6月在广东省肇庆地区对纯色鹪莺的繁殖行为开展了研究。结果如下:①繁殖期体长和尾羽长均极显著(P<0·01)小于非繁殖期,翼长显著(P<0·05)小于非繁殖期;②每年3月下旬开始出现筑巢现象,雌雄共同筑巢,筑巢时间4~5d,巢多建在禾本科植物上,巢址选择与水源关系密切,主成分分析显示,距水边距离占主导地位(34·88%),之后依次是距地面高度(18·55%)、距最近水面高度(12·95%)、巢口方向(9·08%)和巢区植被盖度(8·51%);③筑巢后1~2d产卵,窝卵数(4·7±1·6),孵卵期持续8~10d,亲鸟轮流坐巢,亲鸟会根据窝卵数的不同调整坐巢次数和坐巢时间。窝卵数越多,亲鸟坐巢时间越长;④纯色鹪莺的巢成功率为43·75%,繁殖失败的主要原因是外界干扰。据此,我们认为纯色鹪莺在繁殖期的高投资和繁殖行为,可能是研究该物种生存对策的重要线索。  相似文献   

9.
黄腹山鹪莺的营巢特征   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
营巢对鸟类的生长繁殖有着重要影响。为此,从2007年3-9月在广东省肇庆江溪村对研究地中的黄腹山鹪莺(Prinia flaviventris)的巢进行标记和测量,并以巢址为中心做5m×5m样方调查,通过主成分分析研究其巢址选择,结果表明:1)黄腹山鹪莺营巢时间始于3月中旬,4月达到高峰,至7月底结束;2)在13种植物上发现44个巢,其中在象草(Pennisetum purpureum)上最多,有27个,其次为加拿大飞蓬(Erigeron canadensis),4个,其他植物皆为1—2个;3)巢皆为不规则的球状巢,巢材除动植物性材料外,均有人工制品;巢内空间与巢整体大小较为一致;4)影响巢址选择的主要因素4种,依次为:距最近水源距离(29.89%)、距最近道路距离(16.45%)、距最近灌木距离(12.92%)、距水面高度(11.69%)。据此认为黄腹山鹪莺的营巢是对草本植物环境的适应,而其尾羽的逆向变化对营巢是有利的,起到增加飞行灵活性和减少筑巢投资的效果。  相似文献   

10.
2007年3~9月,在广东省肇庆市江溪村对黄腹山鹪莺(Prinia flaviventris)的育雏行为和雏鸟生长进行了研究。通过取食行为观察、育雏食物分析和雏鸟身体量度的测量来研究黄腹山鹪莺亲鸟繁殖投资和雏鸟的生长规律。研究期间,利用隐蔽帐观察窗进行行为观察,观察距离在5 m以内;在雏鸟身体上用无味彩笔标号以区别雏鸟个体:10日龄前,标记于雏鸟背部,10~12日龄,标记在雏鸟跗跖处;对部分数据进行双变量相关分析,利用Logistic曲线拟合雏鸟形态增长,并比较每个回归方程斜率间的差异。结果显示:1)黄腹山鹪莺育雏由雌雄共同承担,育雏期(11.9±0.4)d(n=7巢)。幼雏出壳后亲鸟早晚暖雏,第7天起亲鸟白天不再暖雏;2)随雏鸟的生长,喂食次数和食物种类逐渐增加,雏鸟日龄与喂食次数极显著相关(r=0.995,P0.01);3)育雏期雏鸟食物皆为动物性食物,以蜘蛛目物种所占比例最大(40.95%),其他包括幼虫及直翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、蜻蜓目等节肢动物;4)Logistic曲线方程中,体重的生长率常数k值最大,与其他k值之间存在显著性差异(P0.05);5)黄腹山鹪莺体重、体长、尾长、翼长、嘴峰、嘴裂、第三根初级飞羽(简称为P3)、跗跖及爪各参数间的相关系数均为0.9以上(P0.01),参数之间在一定程度上可相互代替;6)黄腹山鹪莺雏鸟的发育遵循最重要的功能优先发育的原则,符合能量分配假说。黄腹山鹪莺喂食次数、雏鸟生长速率(k值)相对较高,可能与当地丰富的食物资源有关,也可能是对巢址环境多变的适应。  相似文献   

11.
van den Brink, B., Bijlsma, R.G. & van der Have, T.M. 2000. European swallows Hirundo rustica in Botswana during three non-breeding seasons: the effects of rainfall on moult. Ostrich: 71 (1): 198–204.

The rate of moult of European Swallows spending the non-breeding season in Botswana was studied during December-January of 1992/93,1993/94 and 1994/95 to investigate the effects of variability in rainfall and roosting habitat availability. In January 1994, 2–3 million European Swallows were counted at a traditional roost along the Boteti River. The rate of moult was relatively slow, about one feather (primary, secondary or tail feather) was replaced every two weeks in both adults and juveniles. The speed of moult in juveniles was generally lower than in adults, in particular of secondaries and tail feathers. Moulting rate of both primaries and tail feathers was lowest in 1994/95 during a period of drought and coincided with the almost complete destruction of roosting habitat. In 1992/93, moulting rate was highest when rainfall was moderate and roosting habitat abundant. Moulting rate was intermediate in 1993/94 when rainfall was frequent but roosting habitat reduced because of the low water level in the Boteti River. The combined effect of reduced food availability during droughts and higher densities and longer foraging flights when roosting habitat is scarce might explain the annual variation in moulting rate. From the second week of January onwards many adults started moulting the outermost tail feather before the penultimate feathers. This phenomenon could indicate the importance of long tail streamers in aerial manoeuvring when foraging during the return migration to the breeding grounds.  相似文献   

12.
Seabird moult is poorly understood because most species undergo moult at sea during the non-breeding season. We scored moult of wings, tail and body feathers on 102 Mediterranean Cory's Shearwaters Calonectris diomedea diomedea accidentally caught by longliners throughout the year. Primary renewal was found to be simple and descendant from the most proximal (P1) to the most distal (P10) feather. Secondaries showed a more complex moulting pattern, with three different asynchronous foci: the first starting on the innermost secondaries (S21), the second on the middle secondaries (S5) and the latest on the outermost secondaries (S1). Rectrix moult started at a later stage and was simple and descendant from the most proximal feather (R1) expanding distally. Although a few body feathers can be moulted from prelaying to hatching, moult of ventral and dorsal feathers clearly intensified during chick rearing. Different moulting sequences and uncoupled phenology between primary and secondary renewal suggest that flight efficiency is a strong constraint factor in the evolution of moulting strategies. Moreover, moult of Cory's Shearwaters was synchronous between wings and largely asynchronous between tail halves, with no more than one rectrix moulted at once. This result is probably related to the differential sensitivity of wings and the tail on flight performance, ultimately derived from different aerodynamic functions. Finally, Cory's Shearwater females renewed feathers earlier and faster than males, which may be related to the lower chick attendance of females.  相似文献   

13.
Flight feather moult in small passerines is realized in several ways. Some species moult once after breeding or once on their wintering grounds; others even moult twice. The adaptive significance of this diversity is still largely unknown. We compared the resistance to mechanical fatigue of flight feathers from the chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, a migratory species moulting once on its breeding grounds, with feathers from the willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, a migratory species moulting in both its breeding and wintering grounds. We found that flight feathers of willow warblers, which have a shaft with a comparatively large diameter, become fatigued much faster than feathers of chiffchaffs under an artificial cyclic bending regime. We propose that willow warblers may strengthen their flight feathers by increasing the diameter of the shaft, which may lead to a more rapid accumulation of damage in willow warblers than in chiffchaffs.  相似文献   

14.
Bouwman, H. 2000. Perforations in the tail features of parasitic Cuckoos. Ostrich 71 (1 & 2): 126.

Perforations in the tail feathers of parasitic cuckoos have been observed in both live and museum specimens. These perforations occurring in the vane of the feather, are longitudinally arranged, and in many cases evenly spaced. The position, arrangement and spacing suggest that the perforations were not caused by feather mites. Anecdotal evidence and literature suggests that these perforations are probably caused by host birds during confrontations. Quantification of perforations in terms of species, age, sex, increase in damage during the breeding season, and in damage from breeding and non-breeding areas, supports this hypothesis. The parasitic species that parasitisc birds with stronger beaks (weavers and shrikes) tended to have more damage.  相似文献   

15.
We investigated whether trace elements in tail feathers of an insectivorous and long-distance migratory bird species could be used to identify moulting areas and hence migratory pathways. We analysed tail feathers from birds of different age and sex collected from a range of different breeding sites across Europe. The site of moult had a large effect on elemental composition of feathers of birds, both at the European and African moulting sites. Analysis of feathers of nestlings with known origin suggested that the elemental composition of feathers depended largely upon the micro-geographical location of the colony. The distance between moulting areas could not explain the level of differences in trace elements. Analysis of feathers grown by the same individuals on the African wintering grounds and in the following breeding season in Europe showed a large difference in composition indicating that moulting site affects elemental composition. Tail feathers moulted in winter in Africa by adults breeding in different European regions differed markedly in elemental composition, indicating that they used different moulting areas. Analysis of tail feathers of the same adult individuals in two consecutive years showed that sand martins in their first and second wintering season grew feathers with largely similar elemental composition, although the amounts of several elements in tail feathers of the older birds was lower. There was no difference between the sexes in the elemental composition of their feathers grown in Africa. Investigation of the trace element composition of feathers could be a useful method for studying similarity among groups of individuals in their use of moulting areas.  相似文献   

16.
Growing evidence suggests that structural feather colours honestly reflect individual quality or body condition but, contrary to pigment‐based colours, it is not clear what mechanism links condition to reflectance in structural feather colours. We experimentally accelerated the moult speed of a group of blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) by exposing them to a rapidly decreasing photoperiod and compared the spectral characteristics of their structural feather colours with those of control birds. Blue tits were sexually dimorphic on the UV/blue crown and on the white cheek feathers. Moult speed, however, dramatically reduced brightness and the saturation only on the UV/blue crown feathers, whereas structural white on the cheek feathers was basically unaffected by moult speed. Given that the time available for moulting is usually confined to the period between the end of the breeding season and migration or wintering, UV/blue colours, but not structural white, may convey long‐term information about an individual’s performance during the previous breeding season. The trade‐off between fast moulting and structural colour expression may represent a previously unrecognized selective advantage for early‐breeding birds.  相似文献   

17.
Understanding the causes of variation in feather colour in free-living migratory birds has been challenging owing to our inability to track individuals during the moulting period when colours are acquired. Using stable-hydrogen isotopes to estimate moulting locality, we show that the carotenoid-based yellow-orange colour of American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) tail feathers sampled on the wintering grounds in Central America and the Caribbean is related to the location where feathers were grown the previous season across North America. Males that moulted at southerly latitudes were more likely to grow yellowish feathers compared with males that moulted more orange-red feathers further north. Independent samples obtained on both the breeding and the wintering grounds showed that red chroma-an index of carotenoid content-was not related to the mean daily feather growth rate, suggesting that condition during moult did not influence feather colour. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that feather colour is influenced by ecological conditions at the locations where the birds moulted. We suggest that these colour signals may be influenced by geographical variation in diet related to the availability of carotenoids.  相似文献   

18.
THE MOULT OF THE BULLFINCH PYRRHULA PYRRHULA   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
I. Newton 《Ibis》1966,108(1):41-67
The distribution of feather tracts and their sequence of moult in the Bullfinch is described. The adult post-nuptial moult, which is complete, lasted 10–12 weeks, and the post-juvenile moult, which is partial, 7–9 weeks. Adult moult began with the shedding of the first (innermost) primary and ended with the replacement of the last. Variations in the rate of moult in the flight feathers were mainly achieved, not by changes in the growth rates of individual feathers, but in the number of feathers growing concurrently. The primaries were shed more slowly, and the onset of body moult delayed, in birds which were still feeding late young. In 1962, the onset of moult in the adults was spread over 11 weeks from thc end of July to the beginning of October, and in the two following years over the six weeks, from the end of July to the beginning of September. The onset of moult was delayed by late breeding, which itself occurred in response to a comparative abundance of food in late summer, markedly in 1962. In all years, the first juveniles to moult started at the end of July, and the last, three weeks after the latest adults. Juveniles moulting late in the season retained more juvenile feathers than those moulting earlier. During moult, adult and juvenile Bullfinches produce feathers equivalent to 40% and 33% respectively of their dry weights. In both, for much of the moult, an average of nearly 40 mgm. of feather material—some 0.6% of their dry-weight–is laid down each day. The remiges of the adult comprise only a seventh of the weight of the entire plumage, and it is suggested that their protracted moult results not so much from their energy requirements, as from the need to maintain efficient flight. Variation in the rate of moult in the remiges was much less pronounced than in the body feathers. Bullfinches were less active during moult than at other times of the year. The weights of both adults and juveniles increased during moult. The food during the moult period is described. In all years, most Bullfinches finished moulting just before food became scarce, even though this occurred at different times in different years. In one year, adults moulting latest in the season probably survived less well than those moulting earlier; the same was apparently true of the juveniles in all years. The timing of moult in the Bullfinch, and the factors initiating it, are discussed in relation to the breeding season and foodsupply near Oxford.  相似文献   

19.
P. A. PRINCE  S. RODWELL  M. JONES  P. ROTHERY 《Ibis》1993,135(2):121-131
We recorded the age of individual wing and tail feathers of Black-browed and Grey-headed Albatrosses Diomedea melanophris and D. chrysostoma of known age and breeding status at Bird Island, South Georgia. Breeders and non-breeders of both species moult their rectrices annually. Non-breeders moult primaries biennially. In the first year of a cycle, the outer three and some inner primaries are moulted descendantly; in the next year the inner primaries are moulted ascendantly, starting from primary seven. There is a general progression to moulting equal numbers of primaries in each half of the cycle by the time breeding starts at about 10 years of age. Grey-headed Albatrosses usually moult fewer primaries than Black-browed Albatrosses, particularly as 3-year-olds, when they undertake substantial plumage change in body moult. Most secondaries in Black-browed Albatrosses have been replaced once by age 4 years. Breeding Black-browed Albatrosses continue the moult pattern established as immatures whether they fail or not, as do failed Grey-headed Albatrosses. Successful Grey-headed Albatrosses, which breed again 16 months later, moult their three innermost primaries after breeding in the remainder of the current year and, after a period when moult is interrupted, renew the remaining primaries the following year. Comparisons between species and between failed and successful birds within species indicate that moult rate is not closely linked to the length of the interval between breeding attempts. Interspecies differences are better explained by breeding latitude, with tropical albatrosses moulting twice as fast as sub-Antarctic species, possibly reflecting food availability outside the breeding season.  相似文献   

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