中国猎蝽科的新种和新纪录

本文记述了在我国新发现的猎蝽13种,属于蚊猎蝽亚科(Emesinae)八种,盲猎蝽亚科(Saicinae)四种,绒猎蝽亚科(Tribelocephalinae)一种。其中包括九个新种和四个在我国的首次纪录。     

中国土猎蝽属的研究(半翅目:猎蝽科)

土猎蝽属(Coranus Curtis)是真猎蝽亚科(Harpactorinae)中较小的一个属,迄今为止,我国已经记录9种(萧、任等1981),约占世界种的三分之一,现在又从新疆发现一新种。 此类群猎蝽常活动于林区、稻田、草原,猎食鳞翅目幼虫、叶(虫甲)及同翅目等小虫,为自然界中的一类天敌昆虫。种的分布有一定局限性,如黄缘土猎蝽(Coranus emodicusKiritshenke)已有记录均分布于喜马拉雅山中部一带,为中印亚区的特有种,而显脉土猎     

中国黄足猎蝽属厘订(半翅目:猎蝽科:盗猎蝽亚科)

本文记述黄足猎蝽属一新种——黑胸黄足猎蝽Sirthenea melanota sp.nov.,并与两个已知种——黄足猎蝽S.flavipes(Stal)及半黄足猎蝽S.dimidiata Horvath——进行了详细的比较。除黄足猎蝽外,其发音沟及雄性外生殖器构造均为首次记载。此外,指出S.clavata Miller可能是黄足猎蝽apicalis变型的同物异名。新种的鉴别特征是:黑色,光亮;头背面全为红黄褐色,前胸背板全为黑色;近似S.leonina Horvath,但其前翅色斑区别明显;体躯量度见表2;模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国菱猎蝽属厘订(半翅目：猎蝽科：真猎蝽亚科)

文中对国产的7种菱猎蝽作了比较详细的再描述与图示;短刺菱猎蝽Isyndus bre vispinus Breddin、毛翅菱猎蝽I .Lativentris Distant、毛足菱猎蝽I.Pilosipes Reuter被视为 有效种或独立种;I.Sinicus Hsiao et Ren 和I.Yunnananus Ren分别被认为是毛足菱猎蝽 I.Pilosipes Reuter和毛翅菱猎蝽I.Lativentris Distant的同物异名;短刺菱猎蝽为中国新纪录;所有种的阳茎构造均为首次报道;此外,还编制了该属中国已知种类分种检索表。     

中国哎猎蝽属厘订（半翅目：猎蝽科：盗猎蝽亚科）

本文作者对中国的哎猎蝽属EctomocorisMayr进行了订正。 此属国内以前记述共4种。通过研究发现黑哎猎蝽E.atrox(Stal)实际上包括另一个种——小黑哎猎蝽E.maldonadoi,新种;我们观察的黑哎猪蝽的所有中国标本均比爪哇产的选模标本体大色深,二者雌虫生殖节的构造亦有一定差异,但其色斑型相似;前者是否应作为一亚种或新种尚需研究东南亚一带的大宗标本。二星哎猎蝽E.biguttulusStal与产菲律宾的模式标本在色斑的大小及形状上稍有差异,其地理变异及种群分化有待进一步研究。黑缘哎猎蝽E.erebus Distant,1904是马达加斯加产E.erebus(Distant),1903的同名,故而给前者以新名E.distanti Cai et Lu。“黄斑哎猎蝽”E.flavomaculatusStal为E.yayeyamae(Mats.)的错误鉴定,真正的E.flavomaculatusStal目前还没有在我国发现;由于其中文名称系据E.flavomaculaus的种名而来,所以作者建议E.yayeyamae(Mats.)的中名为“亚哎猎蝽”,这样中文名称不仅是根据其种名的第一个音节的发音,而且还意味着其在亚洲的分布。 根据亚哎猎蝽E.yayeyamae(Mats.)阳茎的特殊结构,建立了双臂哎猎蝽亚属Biarmocoris Cai et Lu,亚属名以其内阳茎体有两个臂状骨化结构而得。 文中为4种哎猎蝽E.atrox(Stal),E.biguttulus Stal,E.erebus(Distant)     

中国狄猎蝽族一新属──杨猎蝽属（半翅目：猎蝽科）

中国狄猎蝽族一新属──杨猎蝽属（半翅目：猎蝽科）彩万志（北京农业大学昆虫学系,北京市海淀区１０００９４）狄猎蝽族是真猎蝽亚科的１个小族;连同本文中的新属,目前该族共知１０属,均分布于东洋区;Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ（１９５４）曾对此族进行过比较详细的厘订。这里所...     

中国猎蝽科的新种和新纪录Ⅱ

本文记述了在我国发现的猎蝽六种,包括四个新种和两个在我国的首次纪录。其中属于毛猎蝽亚科(Holoptilinae)一种,飒猎蝽亚科(salyavatinae)四种及新猎蝽亚科(Centrocneminae)一种。还讨论了这几个亚科和盗猎蝽亚科(Piratinae)在我国所记载的种类,并附以属种的检索表。 毛猎蝽亚科Holoptilinae 这是一个较小的亚科,在我国福建曾记载一属一种:Holoptilus viverra(Walk.);现在广西南宁又发现一个新种,记述如下: Holoptilus silvanus新种(图1)     

中国姬猎蝽新种记述(半翅目,姬猎蝽科)

姬猎蝽(Nabidae)是半翅目中的一个小科,从前人们把它作为猎蝽科的一个亚科;由于它们的喙显然是四节,以后又把它单独的列为一科。近年来的研究表明:本科的系统地位是在猎蝽总科和臭虫总科之间,并且更近于臭虫总科。 这科的种类多为捕食性,捕食各种较小的昆虫,所以是田间的一类益虫。 本科在我国已有记载的种类不多,胡经甫氏(1935)的中国昆虫名录中列举了8种,没有包括台湾的种类。在台湾共发现8种:Alloeorhynchus vinulus Stal(Reuter et Poppius,     

中国光猎蝽亚科新种记述(半翅目:猎蝽科)

本文根据国内采得的标本,记述了光猎蝽亚科的2个新属和14个新种,配制了一个中国光猎蝽亚科的属检索表。`Parascadra``和`Bayerus``两属是我国新纪录。`Haematoloecha,Scadra``和`Ectrychotes``三属各有一个种检索表。     

猎蝽的伪装现象

从具有伪装现象的猎蝽类群、伪装所用的材料、类型、载物能力、伪装行为、去伪装对猎蝽的影响及伪装的生物学意义 7方面综述了猎蝽的伪装现象及其研究动态 ;特别对猎蝽的载物能力进行了讨论 ,提出了绝对载物能力和平均载物能力的概念与计算方法     

Insecticidal impact on the post-embryonic development of Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone (Het., Reduviidae)

The impact of sublethal concentration of five insecticides namely monocrotophos, dimethoate, methylparathion, quinalphos and endosulfan on the post-embryonic developmental characteristics such as stadial period, body weight, fecundity and longevity of Rhynocoris kumarii was studied. All of the insecticides except endosulfan increased stadial period, decreased body weight, fecundity and longevity.     

A new record of amphisexual care in an insect with exclusive paternal care: Rhynocoris tristis (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

We describe the first record of amphisexual care in an insect with uniparental male care. Male Rhynocoris tristis are noted for aggressively guarding multiple egg masses. When a male is unable or unwilling to guard eggs, a female that has previously contributed eggs returns to the egg mass and defends it until the eggs hatch. We compared the frequency and intensity of parental aggression in both sexes and found no difference in either form of guarding behavior. Evidence of amphisexual care in R. tristis provides an opportunity to quantify the cost of care in both sexes within a single species.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Suppression of cotton leafworm Spodoptera litura, flower beetle Mylabris pustulata and red cotton bug Dysdercus cingulatus by Rhynocoris marginatus (Fabr.) (Het., Reduviidae) in cotton field cages

Abstract: Mass-reared reduviid, Rhynocoris marginatus was released in large-sized cotton field cages against three cotton pests, Spodoptera litura, Mylabris pustulata and Dysdercus cingulatus . Pest species were introduced into separate cages in the absence of other pests, parasitoids and predators. Control experimental cages without R. marginatus were maintained for each prey set up during the evaluation period. R. marginatus greatly reduced the infestation of S. litura (57.5%), M. pustulata (52.3%) and D. cingulatus (45.8%). The leaves, flower and boll damages (32%, 35% and 28% by S. litura, M. pustulata and D. cingulatus , respectively) and seed-cotton yield loss (1.4, 1.6 and 1.25 times in S. litura, M. pustulata and D. cingulatus infested cages, respectively) were reduced by R. marginatus compared with such fields without R. marginatus . The field observations suggest this predator's pest suppression and damage reduction efficacy.     

Impact of antennectomy, eye blinding and tibial comb coating on the predatory behaviour of Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone (Het., Reduviidae) on Spodoptera litura Fabr. (Lep., Noctuidae)

The predaceous reduviid Rhynocoris kumarii uses its antennae, eyes and tibial comb to predate tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabr). A delayed arousal response was observed in the antennectomized, eye blinded and tibial comb-coated predators. The predators whose entire antennae had been removed showed significant delayed approach but the approach response was not affected significantly in the blinded and tibial comb-coated reduviid predators. Capturing response was significantly affected in pedicel and entire antennae-removed predators, and blinded and tibial comb-coated predators. Antennectomy, eye blinding and tibial comb coating did not cause any impact in the act of paralysing the prey. Progressive reduction in sucking duration and the number of sucking sites were observed as a function of sequential segment-wise removal of antennae. A reduction in the sucking duration and number of sucking sites were also observed in blinded and tibial comb coated predators.     

Impact of insecticides on the haemogram of Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone (Hem., Reduviidae)

Abstract:  The haemogram of Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone comprises prohaemocytes, plasmatocytes, granular haemocytes, cystocytes and oenocytoids. The impact of five insecticides, viz. monocrotophos, dimethoate, methylparathion, quinalphos and endosulfan on the total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte counts (DHC) was studied. All of the insecticides except endosulfan initially reduced both prohaemocytes and plasmatocytes, increased the granular haemocytes, altered the percentage of cystocytes and oenocytoids and increased the total haemocyte count (THC). On the contrary, endosulfan initially increased the prohaemocytes and plasmatocytes, decreased the granular haemocytes and also the THC. The highest impact on the DHC and THC was caused by methylparathion and monocrotophos and the least impact by endosulfan. Hence, endosulfan is considered as the safest insecticide followed by dimethoate and quinalphos among these five insecticides to use with R. kumarii .     

Predation potential of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhynocoris marginatus</Emphasis> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) against three mealybug species of agricultural importance

The predation potential of a generalist predator Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) against three important mealybug pests of cotton, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green, and Coccidohystrix insolita Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The specific objective of the study was to determine the prey capturing time, prey handling time, and prey preference among the three mealybug species for different developmental stages of R. marginatus. The number of prey consumed/predator/24 h by R. marginatus was dependent on the mealybug species and the predator developmental stage. Rhynocoris marginatus showed a decrease in prey capturing time and handling time as the predator grew older. After evaluating the prey stage preference, results indicated that the developmental stages of R. marginatus preferred adult mealybugs over the younger stages. In a choice-test bioassay including the three mealybug species, no significant difference in prey species selection was observed for the various R. marginatus developmental stages. However, the mortality of P. solenopsis was observed to be highest among the mealybugs, followed by M. hirsutus and C. insolita. This supports the idea that R. marginatus can be effectively utilized for the management of one of the most destructive mealybug pests of cotton, P. solenopsis. Results from this study are important for the development of a knowledge-based management program for cotton agroecosystems affected by various mealybug pests.     

Polymorphic adaptive insecticidal resistance in Rhynocoris marginatus (Fabr.) (Het., Reduviidae) a non-target biocontrol agent

Rhynocoris marginatus (Fabr.) is a polymorphic reduviid predator inhabitating tropical rainforests, semi-arid zones, scrub jungles and agro-ecosystems and predates upon insect pests. It exists in three different morphs; (1) with black connexivum (niger); (2) with red connexivum (sanguineous); and (3) with black and red banded connexivum (nigrosanguineous). Insecticides used to manage insect pests affect non-target biocontrol agents such as R. marginatus . Hence laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the adaptive polymorphic resistance of the morphs of R. marginatus to the toxic effects of three insecticides, namely, dimethoate, methylparathion and quinalphos, with each in five concentrations. The 50% lethal concentration (LC₅₀) values clearly indicated that methylparathion was the most toxic insecticide followed by quinalphos and endosulfan to all three morphs. Among the three morphs, the niger was the most resistant and the sanguineous was the most sensitive.     

Rearing and life table of reduviid predator Rhynocoris marginatus Fab. (Het., Reduviidae) on Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lep., Noctuidae) larvae

The tobacco armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fab., a serious pest of many cultivated crops was evaluated as prey for the reduviid predator, Rhynocoris marginatus Fab. The development, sex ratio, fecundity, hatchability and adult longevity of R. marginatus were investigated in the laboratory. Moreover, a life table was constructed for this predator. Observations clearly indicated that total developmental period of this predator was 46.71±1.58 days. In sex ratio, no significant difference was observed between male and female predators. The pre-oviposition period lasted for 18.64±0.76 days and it was 6.31 times shorter than the oviposition period. Female predators lived longer (128.04±8.48 days) than males (82.84±11.09 days). The total number of eggs laid per female predator in its life span was 405.28±22.15 eggs and the incubation period lasted for 6.81±0.10 days. Life-table studies showed that the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.063 female/day. The population multiplied 292.28 times in the cohort generation time of 103.933 days.     

Abundance of boll worm, flower beetle, predators and field colonization by Rhynocoris kumarii (Het., Reduviidae) following mulching and shelter provisioning in cotton

Abstract:  Field colonization of the assassin bug Rhynocoris kumarii Ambrose and Livingstone and biocontrol potential of predatory arthropods after mulching with sorghum trash and coconut leaflets and with shelter provisioning with pieces of clay pots and stones was studied in a cotton field experiment at the Agricultural College Farm, Killikulam, South India. Third and fourth nymphal instars of R. kumarii were released. There were fewer Helicoverpa armigera Hübner larvae in plots with mulched cotton trash than in control and other (mulched and shelter provisioned) plots. But mulching did not affect the number of adult Mylabris pustulata Thunberg. The flower and boll damage was significantly less in trash and leaflet mulch plots than in other shelter provisioned and control plots. The percentage of good quality cotton was also greater in mulch plots than in control plots. The yield of seed-cotton was also significantly greater in plots with trash mulches and coconut leaflet mulches than in control plots.     

Influence of hunger level and prey density on searching behaviour of the reduviid predator Rhynocoris marginatus (Fabricius) (Het., Reduviidae)

Abstract: Mechanism underlying the searching behaviour of the predator Rhynocoris marginatus in different levels of hunger and at different densities of its prey Spodoptera litura was studied within an experimental arena. Starved for 1-day R. marginatus travelled 2.34 times longer distances than starved for 4-day ones to find prey in the four prey density arenas. Total distance travelled by R. marginatus at four S. litura density arenas was 0.4 times shorter than that in one density regime. Searching speed of 4-day hungry R. marginatus was 2.44 times greater than 1-day hungry R. marginatus . R. marginatus at four S. litura density regimes searched at 2.43 times higher speeds than R. marginatus at one density regime. Higher rates of turning were observed in 4-day hungry R. marginatus than in 1-day hungry R. marginatus. Higher rates of turning of R. marginatus were recorded in one S. litura density regime than in four density regimes. One-day hungry R. marginatus turned 4.14-fold greater degree mean angle than 4-day hungry ones. At four S. litura density regime R. marginatus turned 0.34-fold lesser angle than at one density regime.