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1.
物种的功能特征是联系群落结构和功能的关键因素,开展功能多样性研究可以更好地理解群落结构和功能的关系。为了解三峡库区鱼类群落结构和功能多样性的空间格局,作者于2019年和2020年对三峡库区库首秭归、库中云阳、库尾巴南及库首支流香溪河下游峡口、库中支流小江下游高阳、库尾支流嘉陵江下游合川等江段的鱼类进行调查,分析了鱼类群落结构和多样性,从摄食、运动和繁殖3个方面探讨了鱼类功能多样性空间格局。在三峡库区及主要支流共采集到鱼类78种,隶属于6目15科56属。各江段以广适性和静水性鱼类为主,其中库首秭归和支流香溪河下游峡口、小江下游高阳江段的短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)和贝氏?(Hemiculter bleekeri)等静水性鱼类相对丰度较高,库中云阳、库尾巴南和支流嘉陵江下游合川江段的蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)和光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)等广适性鱼类相对丰度较高。非度量多维尺度(non-metric multidimensional scale, NMDS)和Bray-Curtis相异性指数分析表明,秭归和嘉陵江下游合川江段群... 相似文献
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为了评估近20年来上海苏州河环境综合整治过程中鱼类多样性的变化状况, 本文于2019年6月(夏季)和9月(秋季)对苏州河13个断面的鱼类样本进行了采集, 对鱼类多样性和群落结构作了分析。结果显示, 2次采集共获得鱼类样本10,102号, 隶属于8目15科37属45种。夏季和秋季, 上游8个断面的鱼类均为36种, 下游5个断面则为12种和15种。从上游到下游, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)和Simpson优势度指数(C)总体呈逐渐降低的趋势。相对重要性指数(IRI)显示, 夏秋两季上游断面共同的优势种为似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni), 下游为鲫(Carassius auratus)和泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)。丰度生物量曲线表明, 全河段鱼类群落结构总体上并不稳定, 特别是夏季的下游河段。Cluster聚类和非参数多维标度排序分析可明显将鱼类群落分为上游群组(I)与下游群组(II), 似鳊、泥鳅、鲫、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)和兴凯鱊(Acheilognathus chankaensis)等是造成群组间差异性的主要分歧种。与2001年的43种、2006年的28种相比, 本次调查的物种数出现了明显回升, 特别是下游河段。这种上游鱼类向下游迁移的趋势, 预示着下游中心城区与上游郊区河段的水质差别正在缩小, 水生态系统恢复迹象明显。本文认为, 上下游之间鱼类群落结构差异的缩小以及翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)、棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、子陵吻虾虎鱼(Rhinogobius giurinus)等在下游河段的出现, 可作为苏州河综合整治效果的重要生态标志。 相似文献
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太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
为了解太湖鱼类群落结构和多样性的分布特征,于2009-2010年利用拖网等网具对该水域的鱼类资源进行了调查.结果表明:本次调查共采获鱼类50种,隶属10目15科40属,其中鲤形目种类最多,占总数的68%;鱼类生态类型以湖泊定居性种类为主,群落优势种为湖鲚(Coilia ectenes taihuensis)、间下鱵(Hyporhamphus intermedius)和陈氏短吻银鱼(Salangichthys jordani)等小型鱼类;与历史资料相比,太湖鱼类的物种数量下降,优势种组成发生较大变化,鱼类群落中体质量<30 g的小型鱼类占绝对优势,渔业资源小型化趋势明显.由于过度捕捞和湖泊环境恶化,鱼类群落生物多样性指数均表现偏低,物种丰富度指数D为1.54,多样性指数H’N、H’w分别为0.21和0.46,均匀度指数J'N、.J'w分别为0.07和0.14;太湖各湖区间鱼类种群和多样性的差别一定程度上反映出鱼类群落结构与湖泊营养盐、透明度等环境特征相适应的特点. 相似文献
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研究调查了蓬安段2014—2019年洪水期 (6、7和8月)和枯水期 (11、12和1月)渔获物, 用11项鱼类功能性状类型结合蓬安段鱼类群落结构特点来分析该江段鱼类群落功能多样性在洪、枯期上的变化及与水环境的关系。研究结果表明, (1)2014—2019年洪水期的物种丰富度指数、辛普森多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和香浓威纳指数均高于枯水期; (2)SIMPER分析显示, 大鳍鳠Mystus macropterus、子陵吻鰕虎鱼Ctenogobius giurinus、似鳊Pseudobrama simoni、黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco、鳜Siniperca chuatsi、蛇 Saurogobio dabryi、飘鱼Pseudolaubuca sinensis、鲫Carassius auratus、黄尾鲴Xenocypris davidi和? Hemiculter leucisculus是造成洪水期与枯水期鱼类群落结构变化的主要差异贡献种; (3)各年份洪水期的功能丰富度FRic、功能离散度FDiv、功能散布度FDis和二次熵指数Rao及2015、2016和2017年的功能均匀度指数FEve均显著高于枯水期(P<0.05), 表明枯水期鱼群落的抵抗力稳定性和恢复力稳定性显著低于洪水期, 即枯水期水生生态系统功能较脆弱; (4)鱼类群落功能多样性与水环境因子存在显著相关关系, 但不同时期的功能多样性指数与环境因子相关性程度则呈现较大差异, 表明功能多样性是鱼类群落结构和各水环境因子综合作用的结果。 相似文献
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为了解柳江鱼类群落结构、多样性及其与环境因子的关系, 2018年7月和12月在柳江9个江段(榕江、从江、融安、柳城、象州、永福、鹿寨、河池和宜州)开展鱼类和环境调查。共采集鱼类36474尾, 隶属于5目20科80属115种; 其中, 鲤科鱼类最多(68种), 占59.13%。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的变化范围分别为2.13—3.12、0.81—0.93、0.58—0.80和4.65—7.18。鱼类优势种以银Squalidus argentatus、大眼华鳊Sinibrama macrops、胡Microphysogobio chenhsienensis、银鲴Xenocypris macrolepis和南方拟?Pseudohemiculter dispar等小型鱼类为主。丰度/生物量比较曲线表明, 宜州、榕江、鹿寨、柳城、象州和融安江段鱼类群落受到中度或严重干扰, 河池、从江和永福鱼类群落结构相对稳定。采用非度量多维标度排序(NMDS)方法对鱼类群落的时空分布特征进行分析, 将鱼类划分为3个类群: 柳江上游的从江-榕江类群, 洛清江支流的永福-鹿寨类群, 柳江中下游及龙江支流的融安-柳城-象州-河池-宜州类群。采用典范对应分析(CCA)分析鱼类群落与环境因子的关系, 发现河宽、海拔和pH是柳江鱼类群落结构差异的主要影响因子。与历史资料相比, 柳江鱼类群落结构发生显著变化, 经济鱼类占比减少, 鱼类个体呈现小型化和低龄化。建议从以下几个方面加强柳江鱼类多样性保护: 加强执法力度, 严厉打击偷捕、电捕等非法行为; 对主要经济鱼类开展增殖放流; 恢复河流的连通性; 对流域珍稀特有鱼类进行监测、救护和繁育。 相似文献
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根据2008-2011年镜泊湖和五大连池鱼类学调查结果和历史资料,分析了东北地区火山堰塞湖鱼类区系特征和群落物种多样性状况.东北地区火山堰塞湖鱼类区系由9目16科47属64种土著种构成,其中国家Ⅱ级野生保护物种1种,中国特有种4种,中国易危种5种;64种鱼类中,鲤形目44种,鲤科37种,分别占优势.东北地区火山堰塞湖鱼类区系由7个区系复合体构成,以东部平原区系复合体为主体;南北方重叠种、北方特有种分别占53.1%和46.9%.东北地区火山堰塞湖鱼类群落Shannon、Fisher-α、Pielou、Margalef和Simpson指数值分别为2.078、4.536、0.575、3.723和0.269,土著种多度分布格局可以用对数正态分布描述;与镜泊湖亚群落间Bray-Curtis、Morisita-Horn、Ochiai、S(o)rensen和Whittaker指数值分别为0.820、0.992、0.870、0.862和0.138,与五大连池亚群落间各指数值分别为0.210、0.516、0.838、0.825和0.175.东北地区火山堰塞湖鱼类区系具有南北方物种相互渗透、古北界与东洋界交汇过渡的特点;群落物种多样性程度较高,物种结构较稳定,但物种丰富度呈下降趋势. 相似文献
7.
草坪无脊椎动物群落物种多样性及功能群研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文采用扫网和样方法对草坪固定样地无脊椎动物群落进行了调查,根据不同种类的营养情况进行了功能群的划分,并采用物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Hulbert种间相遇概率、Pielou均匀度指数等四种多样性指数对群落及功能群的物种多样性进行了测度和分析,结果表明:草坪无脊椎动物功能群组成具有一定的垂直分化;不同植被生长情况下功能群的组成及多样性具有一定的差异,但无明显的规律性;各功能群中,捕食寄生性功能群的多样性最高,而植食性功能群的种类、数量最多,但由于个别种数量的异常,其多样性反而较低,植食性功能群与捕食寄生性功能群在多样性、种类数及数量上呈现一定的互为消长关系。 相似文献
8.
张凭智;张崇良;薛莹;纪毓鹏;任一平;徐宾铎 《水生生物学报》2025,49(4):042517-1-042517-10
为查明黄河口及其邻近海域鱼类功能和环境变化的关系,根据2013年6、7、8、10月和2014年2、4、5月共7次黄河口及其邻近海域渔业资源底拖网调查数据,选取包含有关鱼类摄食、运动、生态适应性、繁殖行为和种群动态等13种功能性状,利用功能丰富度指数(Functional richness index, FRic)、功能均匀度指数(Functional evenness index, FEve)、功能离散度指数(Functional divergence index, FDiv)共3个功能多样性指数和群落加权平均数指数(Community Weighted Mean, CWM)等方法,研究了该海域鱼类群落功能多样性的时空变化。结果表明,各月份多以食底栖动物、营养级较低、生长系数较低、恢复力较高、口端位或下位且较小、体型为鳗形和侧扁形、生活于海水和咸淡水的短距离洄游或定居性的暖温性鱼类为主,如矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)等。FRic在6月最高为0.81,在2月最低为0.32; FEve在5月最高为0.50,在8月最低为0.24。FDiv在10月最高为0.94,在4月最低为0.236。总体上FRic在黄河口及河口外侧海域最高,在黄河口南北两侧较低; FEve由沿岸向东逐渐升高;FDiv普遍偏高,在黄河口及北部海域较低,黄河口南部及东部海域较高。鱼类群落功能多样性与温度、深度及盐度有显著相关性。由于鱼类的洄游,该海域鱼类功能性状和群落功能多样性呈现出月变化特征。 相似文献
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根据2009年3月-2010年2月在胶州湾西北部近岸浅水区进行的鱼类逐月定置网调查数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法研究了该海域的鱼类群落结构及多样性特征.结果表明:调查共鉴定出44种鱼类,其中海洋性27种,河口性鱼类17种.鱼类种类组成与底层水温和盐度有密切关系.胶州湾近岸浅水区鱼类群落Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)变化范围为0.33-3.50,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)为0.42-2.25,Pielou均匀度指数(J’)为0.23-0.93.聚类分析(CLUSTER)和多维标度排序(MDS)分析表明,不同鱼类种类组成的各月份样品可划分为3个组分:水温较低的冬季组G1(12月-翌年4月)、水温次高的春秋季组G2(5-6月、10-11月)和水温最高的夏季组G3(7-9月).其中G1的典型种主要为尖海龙(Syngnathus acus)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)等冷温性常栖类群种类,G2的主要典型种为鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)和尖海龙,G3的主要典型种为鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)、细条天竺鱼(Apogonichthys lineatus)和普氏缰虾虎鱼(Amoya pflaumi)等洄游性鱼类.单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,3个月份组间鱼类群落结构差异显著,不同月份组间两两差异均显著.生物-环境分析(BIOENV)表明,底层水温是影响胶州湾近岸浅水区鱼类群落结构时间变化的主要环境因子.在胶州湾内近岸浅水区发现40余种幼鱼,但占优势的主要为低值鱼类,表明胶州湾的产卵、肥育场功能有所下降,应加强胶州湾近岸水域生态环境和渔业资源的保护及修复. 相似文献
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2010—2011年采用定置网具和底层挂网对黑龙江中游底层鱼类进行调查。结果表明:采捕底层鱼类7目12科33属47种,其中外来移植鱼类1种,为湖拟鲤,列入《中国濒危动物红皮书.鱼类》的鱼类为施氏鲟、鳇、日本七鳃鳗和雷氏七鳃鳗4种;鲤形目种类最多,为31种,占调查物种总数的65.96%;黑龙江中游底层鱼类平均密度为139.00ind.m-3,平均生物量为344.58g.m-3;鱼类生态类型以河湖性和杂食性种类为主,群落优势种为兴凯鱊、光泽黄颡鱼、麦穗鱼、纵带鮠和银鲴等鱼类,优势种类中除鲇外,其他种类平均体重均小于30g;黑龙江底层鱼类群落的物种丰富度(D)、多样性指数(H’)和均匀度(J’)各断面均偏低,并存在一定程度的差异;黑龙江中游水质优良,大部分时期处于Ⅱ类水质以上水平,各断面鱼类种群多样性与营养盐及透明度等环境特征相关关系不明显,仅发现HW’与铵态氮和总氮呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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River hydrogeomorphology is a potential predictor of ecosystem and assemblage variation. We tested for fish assemblage variation as a function of hydrogeomorphology in a Midwestern US large river, the Wabash River. Fish data were classified by taxonomy and traits and we tested if assemblages varied with river hydrogeomorphology or river distance, defined into 10‐km distinct reaches. Three unique geomorphological units, Functional Process Zones (FPZ), were identified using an ArcGIS hydrogeomorphic model, based primarily on channel width, floodplain width, and down valley slope. Five locations were identified as FPZ A with narrow stream channel, high down valley slope, and an expansive floodplain. Ten locations were identified as FPZ B with a wide river channel and wide floodplain. Thirty‐five locations were identified as FPZ C with wide river channel and a constrained floodplain. The sites were categorized into three stream orders: 5, 6, and 7. We found hydrogeomorphology classified by unique FPZs or by river distance influenced taxonomic and functional fish assemblages for the Wabash River. There was high overlap among fish occurrences among FPZs, but nine species resulted as significant indicators of specific FPZs. Five traits were significant indicators of FPZs: an intermediate Swim Factor score, medium tolerance to silt, small‐large stream size preference, and two Shape Factor categories. Our conclusions are that fish assemblages respond strongly to local geomorphology and river distance, fitting the riverine ecosystem synthesis and the river continuum concept. 相似文献
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Cesare Lasen Marcello Tomaselli Alberto Scariot Adriano Garlato 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(6):1236-1247
AbstractHay meadows are an important component of the alpine landscape, which evolved over millennia of human activities. When traditionally managed, hay meadows support a rich flora and are recognized for high species diversity. However, both intensification and abandonment can lead to a loss of biodiversity in this vegetation. In this paper, the focus was on the hay meadows where Narcissus radiiflorus Salisb. forms white mosaic carpets during the blooming period. This vegetation was studied through 26 phytosociological relevés, taken in the Venetian Pre-Alps and outer Dolomites (Northern Italy). Relevés were numerically classified and analysed in their relationships with site conditions. Moreover, diversity metrics were calculated for detecting the conservation status of hay meadows subjected to different types of disturbance. The results showed that poet’s daffodils’ dominance brings together hay meadows showing a substantial range of floristic and ecologic variation and that part of the stands dominated by Narcissus radiiflorus could be referred to a habitat type regarded as prioritary for nature conservation. Moreover, management-related variations in functional diversity suggested that the best practice recommended for conservation and restoration of this habitat is the continuation of traditional late mowing. This practice will allow preserving both biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. 相似文献
13.
Eric V. C. Schneider Brendan S. Talwar Shaun S. Killen Samantha Russell Travis E. Van Leeuwen David M. Bailey 《Journal of fish biology》2024,104(3):825-836
The pelagic zone of the ocean can be a challenging environment in which to conduct research and as a result we lack the robust baseline abundance and diversity data, compared to what is available in more accessible coastal habitats, to be able to track changes or stressors to the biota in this environment. Many large-scale fisheries target pelagic fish, and much of the information available on these species is based on fisheries-dependent data that may be biased towards hotspots and commercially valuable fishes. Here, a long-term video and visual fish survey was conducted on two subsurface moored fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the pelagic waters of the central Bahamas to determine the feasibility of using moored pelagic FADs as tools for collecting fish abundance and diversity data. A wide range of species was documented, including large migratory fish that are the focus of commercial and recreational fisheries, and smaller often overlooked species on which little abundance or seasonality information exists. We found that FADs colonize quickly and reach a peak stable (albeit seasonally cyclical) abundance and diversity within the first several months after deployment. Species richness was higher in video surveys, but abundance was higher in visual surveys, except for sharks. Our results highlight the need to tailor survey methods to fit the context and study objective, and provide further evidence for the importance of fisheries-independent data in monitoring pelagic species. 相似文献
14.
Nils Teichert Mario Lepage Xavier Chevillot Jérémy Lobry 《Journal of Biogeography》2018,45(2):406-417
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16.
黄河干流鱼类群落特征及其历史变化 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
为了解黄河干流鱼类群落现状及其历史变化,于2008年春季(5-6月)和秋季(9-11月)开展了黄河干流鱼类调查。共记录到鱼类54种,隶属于7目13科43属,其中该流域特有种4种。种类组成以鲤形目为主,占总数的68.5%。上游物种少,群落较为简单,中游和下游物种丰富,群落较为复杂并且较相似,种数自上游至下游逐渐增加。黄河鱼类在洄游、摄食、繁殖及栖息习性等方面呈现多样化特征。调查河段渔获物组成虽存在差异,但都以黄颡鱼属(Pelteobagrus spp.)、鲇(Silurus asotus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)以及鮈亚科等小型鱼类为主,小型化现象明显。对比历史资料分析显示,黄河鱼类物种多样性和资源量均呈明显下降趋势,特有种鱼类退化尤为显著,推测水资源过度开发、大量水工建筑、水体污染以及不合理利用等人为因素是导致变化的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
Tanja K. Petersen;Katariina E. M. Vuorinen;Mika Bendiksby;James D. M. Speed; 《Nordic Journal of Botany》2022,2022(7):e03470
Traditionally, biogeography has described the distribution of species. But as plant functional traits and functional diversity underpin ecosystem dynamics, understanding drivers of functional diversity at biogeographical scales is essential to understand spatial variation in ecosystem characteristics, particularly in light of ongoing environmental changes. Here we investigate geographic patterns of functional diversity and -traits of the Norwegian flora. We explore whether climate, land-use or glacial history are important drivers of functional diversity. We combine species occurrence records and assemblage-means of functional traits to assess the spatial distribution of functional traits and -diversity of native vascular plants in Norway in a 20 × 20 km grid. We use multiple-model inference to identify which environmental factors contribute the most in explaining the spatial patterns of trait distributions and functional diversity. Additionally, we use the constructed models to predict potential changes in distributions of traits and functional diversity given different climate change scenarios. 相似文献
18.
Climate change causes marine species to shift and expand their distributions, often leading to changes in species diversity. While increased biodiversity is often assumed to confer positive benefits on ecosystem functioning, many examples have shown that the relationship is specific to the ecosystem and function studied and is often driven by functional composition and diversity. In the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, tropical species expansion was shown to have increased estuarine fish and invertebrate diversity; however, it is not yet known how those increases have affected functional diversity. To address this knowledge gap, two metrics of functional diversity, functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis), were estimated in each year for a 38‐year study period, for each of the eight major bays along the Texas coast. Then, the community‐weighted mean (CWM) trait values for each of the functional traits are calculated to assess how functional composition has changed through time. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify species contributing most to changing functional diversity. We found significant increases in log‐functional richness in both spring and fall, and significant decreases in functional dispersion in spring, suggesting that although new functional types are entering the bays, assemblages are becoming more dominated by similar functional types. Community‐weighted trait means showed significant increases in the relative abundance of traits associated with large, long‐lived, higher trophic level species, suggesting an increase in periodic and equilibrium life‐history strategists within the bays. PCA identified mainly native sciaenid species as contributing most to functional diversity trends although several tropical species also show increasing trends through time. We conclude that the climate‐driven species expansion in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico led to a decrease in functional dispersion due to increasing relative abundance of species with similar life‐history characteristics, and thus the communities have become more functionally homogeneous. 相似文献
19.
为了解丹江口水库鱼类群落现状及历史变化, 作者于2018-2019年采用多网目复合刺网采样和渔民渔获物调查的方式对丹江口水库进行了鱼类群落调查。本次调查共采集鱼类33种, 隶属5目11科29属, 以鲤科鱼类为主, 占总数的63.6%。基于多网目复合刺网采样的鱼类群落多样性指数和单位努力捕捞量(catch per unit effort, CPUE, g·day -1·m -2)在各采样点间具有一定的差异。目前丹江口水库以定居性、喜静缓流、杂食性和肉食性鱼类为主。与20世纪50年代和80年代的历史资料相比, 丹江口水库鱼类物种丰富度先升高后下降; 而生态类型则呈现杂食性鱼类、喜流水性鱼类和洄游性鱼类比例持续下降的趋势。2018-2019年丹江口水库鱼类组成与20世纪80年代的相似性指数为0.35 (中等不相似), 与20世纪50年代的相似性指数为0.29 (中等不相似)。调查结果表明半个世纪以来丹江口水库鱼类群落结构发生了较大变化, 目前趋于小型化和简单化。这些变化可能是由大坝建设、渔业放养、不合理捕捞、外来鱼类引入等人类活动所致。 相似文献