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1.
烟草花叶病毒病是一种危害严重的世界性病害,可大幅度降低烟草的产量和品质。研究和探索防治烟草花叶病毒病的新技术、新途径已成为众多研究者普遍关注的焦点。分子生物学的发展,特别是基因工程的发展为防治该病毒病带来了希望。综述了目前普遍采用的几种烟草抗病毒基因工程策略的研究现状及评价。  相似文献   

2.
[目的]筛选出对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病有良好抑制作用的多糖并探索其对烟叶防御酶活性的影响.[方法]采用半叶法,测定了安络小皮伞多糖等21种真菌多糖在枯斑三生烟上对CMV的钝化、预防及治疗效果,并测定了抗病毒多糖处理后普通烟NC-89体内防御酶的变化.[结果]安络小皮伞多糖对CMV具有较好的钝化及预防效果,其200倍液与等量供试病毒液混合30 min后接种,钝化效果为83.41%;喷施安络小皮伞多糖200倍液24 h后接毒处理,预防效果可高达93.15%.安络小皮伞多糖对CMV防治机理的研究表明,多糖处理后烟草相关防御酶POD、PAL和PPO活性增强,其中喷施安络小皮伞多糖24 h后接毒处理的酶活增加最为显著,该处理烟苗的POD、PAL和PPO的酶活峰值分别可增加至对照的2.74、3.45和2.82倍.[结论]安络小皮伞多糖通过增强烟草体内防御酶活性而提高烟草对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病的抗性.  相似文献   

3.
烟草病毒病俗称烟草花叶病,是烟草病害中分布最广、发生最为普遍的病害之一。究其发病原因,气候对其的影响不可忽视。积极将气象因子应用在烟草花叶病测报中有利于烟草花叶病的防治。本文就此作了浅析。  相似文献   

4.
病毒病是危害辣椒生产的主要病害之一。烟草花叶病毒(TMV)是最早被发现的病毒,它引起的烟草花叶病毒病是多种作物的重要病害,给辣椒等茄科作物的生产带来重大损失。文中综述了辣椒抗TMV防御反应中的相关基因及其研究进展,为明确辣椒抗TMV机理,挖掘抗病基因,选育抗病材料提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
1978年,烟草病毒病在安徽烟区流行,导致凤阳县烟叶总产损失92.3%,引起了普遍震惊。1981—1984年作者对来自16个县、市552个病毒材料,经生物测定、血清反应、电镜观察,初步分离出CMV、TMV、PVY和PVX四种病毒。它们分别约占检测总数的82.79%、4.53%、2.54%和0.36%,其中CMV与长期视为优势种的TMV比值为18.3,除此,尚有约占检测总数9.8%的CMV和TMV、CMV和PVY复合侵染,以及不明类型的毒株。通过对田间烟草以及其他植物花叶病株的实际检测,进一步表明:CMV在烟区分布范围极广、出现频次最多,已形成了复杂的循环侵染系统,成为近期内烟草病毒病持续流行危害的首要毒原。  相似文献   

6.
大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导的消减文库构建及初步分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
大豆花叶病毒病是危害大豆产量和品质的主要病害之一 ,通过分子手段研究大豆花叶病毒病基因的抗病相关基因表达可以辅助抗病育种工作。利用SSH技术 ,对抗大豆花叶病毒病的大豆品种 814 3进行分析 ,构建大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导表达的cDNA文库 ,并对文库进行初步分析。  相似文献   

7.
太子参花叶病毒的检测与防治   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
1982年我们在国内外首次发现太子参花叶病毒,并对该病毒的形态结构、症状表现、宿主范围、血清学、生化特性等进行了研究,同时还对太子参病毒病进行了初步防治。在上述工作的基础上,我们又进一步应用ELISA技术,对太子参花叶病毒进行了田间检测,并确认了种子消毒方法,为太子参花叶病毒病的田间诊断与防治提出了科学措施。  相似文献   

8.
CMV和PVY复合感染引起的烟草叶脉坏死病   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
山东烟区烟草在大田生长期中常发生一种叶脉坏死、新生顶叶系统花叶的病害(图1、2)。1950年8月陈瑞泰在临朐城关一带,发现这一病害,1957年周家炽、莽克强也曾作过报道。六十年代以后,山东烟区病毒病渐趋严重。七十年代以来,黄瓜花叶病  相似文献   

9.
CMV和PVY复合感染引起的烟草叶脉坏死病   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
山东烟区烟草在大田生长期中常发生一种叶脉坏死、新生顶叶系统花叶的病害(图1、2)。1950年8月陈瑞泰在临朐城关一带,发现这一病害,1957年周家炽、莽克强也曾作过报道。六十年代以后,山东烟区病毒病渐趋严重。七十年代以来,黄瓜花叶病  相似文献   

10.
在调查陕西、甘肃两省禾谷类三种病毒病:小麦线条花叶病毒病、小麦丛矮病毒病和玉米粗病毒病的发生危害基础上,采用超薄切片和电镜技术对发生在上述两省内的三种病毒进行了病毒粒子的直接观察。  相似文献   

11.
Transgenic tobacco plants expressing the coat protein (CP) gene of tobacco mosaic virus were tested for resistance against infection by five other tobamoviruses sharing 45-82% homology in CP amino acid sequence with the CP of tobacco mosaic virus. The transgenic plants (CP+) showed significant delays in systemic disease development after inoculation with tomato mosaic virus or tobacco mild green mosaic virus compared to the control (CP-) plants, but showed no resistance against infection by ribgrass mosaic virus. On a transgenic local lesion host, the CP+ plants showed greatly reduced numbers of necrotic lesions compared to the CP- plants after inoculation with tomato mosaic virus, pepper mild mottle virus, tobacco mild green mosaic virus, and Odontoglossum ringspot virus but not ribgrass mosaic virus. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism(s) of CP-mediated protection.  相似文献   

12.
13.
张艳华  王罡  季静  杜娟 《遗传》2003,25(5):563-566
本实验构建了含有CaMV35S启动子控制下的Pti5-VP16基因的植物双元表达载体pBI121UCH1。通过根癌农杆菌叶盘转化法,将Pti5-VP16基因导入烟草SRI中,经卡那霉素筛选,获得了抗性植株。经PCR和Southern印迹分析,表明抗性植株中整合了Pti5-VP16基因,经抗病性鉴定转基因烟草植株的抗病性明显提高。 Abstract:The plasmid pBI121UCH1 carrying Pti5-VP16 gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter was constructed.Leaf segments of tobacco SRI were infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 with plasmid pBI121UCH1,from which kanamycin resistant plants were obtained.PCR and Southern analysis proved that the Pti5-VP16 gene was integrated into the genomes of the tobacco plants.The disease resistance assay showed that the disease resistance was enhanced in the transgenic tobacco plants.  相似文献   

14.
A comparison of streak disease of tomatoes, derived from commercial glasshouses, and experimental streak produced by combined inoculation of the viruses of potato mosaic and tobacco mosaic, is given in detail.
The characters employed in comparison are the host range of each virus and its resistance to various temperatures, to different concentrations of alcohol, and to ageing in vitro .
Glasshouse streak and tobacco mosaic show an equal resistance to alcohol, heat and ageing in vitro , and have, in addition, an identical host range. Treatment for 1 hour with 90 per cent, alcohol and for 10 minutes at 850 C. did not destroy the infectivity of either of these viruses.
Glasshouse streak is shown not to contain the virus of potato mosaic, but is of itself able to produce necrosis in tomatoes without the participation of potato mosaic. The factors underlying this have not been determined.
It is concluded that tobacco mosaic and the mosaic of glasshouse streak are probably identical, and that much of the streak occurring in glasshouses is due to a single virus, and not a mixed infection of this with potato mosaic.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus from its constituents, the coat protein and RNA, was investigated by means of ultracentrifugation and circular dichroism measurement. Tobacco mosaic virus protein forms a 20S double-layer disc under conditions favorable for tobacco mosaic virus reconstitution. Dibromination of the tyrosine 139 residue of tobacco mosaic virus protein prevents formation of the 20S disc.Acidification of the tobacco mosaic virus protein solution causes 20S discs to polymerize into long helical rods. Changes in the CD spectra of tobacco mosaic virus protein in the near-ultraviolet region suggest that stacking of the aromatic sidechains of amino acid residues stabilizes the helical rod. The dibrominated tobacco mosaic virus protein also has the ability of rod elongation under acidic condition. CD studies reveal that assembly of tobacco mosaic virus particles from its constituents is stabilized by the stacking effect between the base residues of RNA and the aromatic residues of tobacco mosaic virus protein.Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus protein, which acts as a substituent for tobacco mosaic virus protein in tobacco mosaic virus reconstitution, was also investigated.  相似文献   

17.
研究受侵染程度不同的烤烟花叶病烟株叶中保护酶活性和超微结构的结果表明,病毒伤害烟株的原因之一是不能及时清除活性氧,导致活性氧和丙二醛积累,引起质膜伤害,最终导致超微结构破坏,烟株生长受抑制,生物量积累下降。据此认为,烟草花叶病防治,除了防除病源外,还应注意超微结构的保护和恢复。  相似文献   

18.
Bacillus pumilus strain EN16 and Bacillus subtilis strain SW1 were tested for their systemic resistance and protection abilities against tobacco mosaic virus disease under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that strain EN16 and SW1 treatment significantly reduced mosaic symptoms and disease severity, resulting in 52 and 71% protection at 14 days of inoculation, respectively. A decreased amount of virus was detected in EN16- or SW1-treated tobacco plants by ELISA. Moreover, 5- and 7-day intervals between inducer treatment and pathogen inoculations were respectively required for strain EN16 and SW1 to induce optimal resistance. Further analysis on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in tobacco showed that the amounts of defense enzymes and PR proteins significantly increased in Bacillus-treated plants challenged with pathogen when compared to control.  相似文献   

19.
The poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase was active on synthetic homopolymeric RNA templates as well as on every natural RNA tested. The polymerase copied polyadenylate. oligouridylate [oligo(U)], polycytidylate . oligoinosinate, and polyinosinate. oligocytidylate templates to about the same extent. The observed activity on polyuridylate. oligoadenylate was about fourfold less. Full-length copies of both poliovirion RNA and a wide variety of other polyadenylated RNAs were synthesized by the polymerase in the presence of oligo(U). Polymerase elongation rates on poliovirion RNA and a heterologous RNA (squash mosaic virus RNA) were about the same. Changes in the Mg(2+) concentration affected the elongation rates on both RNAs to the same extent. With two non-polyadenylated RNAs (tobacco mosaic virus RNA and brome mosaic virus RNA3), the results were different. The purified polymerase synthesized a subgenomic-sized product RNA on brome mosaic virus RNA3 in the presence of oligo(U). This product RNA appeared to initiate on oligo(U) hybridized to an internal oligoadenylate sequence in brome mosaic virus RNA3. No oligo(U)-primed product was synthesized on tobacco mosaic virus RNA. When partially purified polymerase was used in place of the completely purified enzyme, some oligo(U)-independent activity was observed on the brome mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus RNAs. The size of the product RNA from these reactions suggested that at least some of the product RNA was full-sized and covalently linked to the template RNA. Thus, the polymerase was found to copy many different types of RNA and to make full-length copies of the RNAs tested.  相似文献   

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