Taxonomie und Phylogenie der paläozoischen OstrakodengattungSemibolbina Jordan

The genusSemibolbina Jordan, 1964 known from the Silurian and Devonian of Central and Southern Europe was considered as synonymous withTetrasacculus (Schallreuter 1974) because the feature differentiating both genera according toBless &Jordan 1971 — the spine-like L 3 — could vary within one species in certain Middle Devonian species (e. g.Parabolbina kroemmelbeini). The discovery ofSemibolbina ordoviciana sp. n. Upper Ordovician öjlemyrflint boulders of the Isle of Gotland indicates now thatSemibolbina originates presumably not, as orginally supposed, from forms with a simple posteroventral lobe and less than three loculi but from Ordovician non-loculate forms exhibiting a spine-like L 3 primarily (Aloculatia Schallreuter, 1976). During the transformation into locular dimorphism the three loculi ofSemibolbina appeared apparently simultaneously. The spine-like L 3 remained as a constant feature up to the Lower Devonian. Then, at the end of the evolution the spine disappeared in some Middle Devonians forms in at least two phylogenetic lines (i. e. the posteroventral lobe is developed as a simple lobe as inTetrasacculus). Furthermore, a forth loculum could be developed in some Middle Devonian species. Tetrasacculus exhibits locular dimorphism of the admarginal type, inSemibolbina it is dolonate (as inParabolbina with which most species of this genus were placed originally). This diagnostic feature was not emphasized enough until now but, however, just by this feature and the spine-like L 3 it is possible to defineSemibolbina as a valid genus.     

The trilobiteProtostygina and the composition of the Styginidae, with two new genera

The Styginidae is regarded as an exclusively Ordovician family of trilobites, separate from the Scutelluidae. The hitherto poorly known genusProtostygina Prantl &P?ibyl, 1949 is revised. It is recorded with certainty only from the Llanvirn of the Czech Republic, and the type species is a senior synonym of“Raymondaspis” rubensi rubensi P?ibyl &VANěK, 1968 and“R.” rubensi lybar ?najdr, 1976. Two new styginid genera are proposed:Cyrtocybe, with type species“Raymondaspis” turgida Whittington, 1965, is known from the upper Arenig and lower Llanvirn of Newfoundland, Maine and Norway; andPromargo, with type speciesP.forteyi n. sp., occurs in the Arenig of Newfoundland and Spitsbergen.Turgicephalus Fortey, 1980 is regarded as a junior synonym ofRaymondaspis P?ibyl inPrantl &P?ibyl, 1949. Three genera are excluded from the Styginidae:Kirkdomina Tripp, 1962,Pseudostygina Zhou inZhou et al., 1982 andStyginella P?ibyl &Vaněk, 1971.     

Taxonomic and biostratigraphic re-evaluation ofPerisphinctes internispinosus Krantz, 1926 (Upper Jurassic, Ammonoidea)

The lectotype ofPerisphinctes internispinosus Krantz, 1926, type species ofWindhauseniceras Leanza, 1945, from the upper Middle Tithonian of Cerro Lotena (Neuquén-Mendoza Basin, Argentina) is designated. The type series, housed in the Paläontologisches Institut der Universität Bonn, was originally illustrated by hand-drawings of two of the eleven specimens. The lectotype is illustrated by a photograph for the first time. The specimen is probably a large microconch; the most likely corresponding macroconch appears to beH. aff.steinmanni (Steuer, 1897) from Cerro Lotena.Windhauseniceras internispinosum is the index and guide species of theInternispinosum Biozone, upper Middle Tithonian, most probablyPonti Zone in age. The occurrence in Arroyo del Yeso (Mendoza) below a succession ofMicracanthoceras species includingM. mirum (Leanza, 1945) which is very close toM. microcanthum, strongly supports this correlation. The species occurs throughout the Neuquén-Mendoza Basin and probably also in the Tarapacá Basin, Northern Chile.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 6.Spadicoides andDiplococcium

Seventeen species belonging toSpadicoides Hughes andDiplococcium Grove collected in Central Europe mostly in Czechoslovakia are described and illustrated. Two new species are described inSpadicoides—S. carpatica Hol.-Jech.,S. penatium Hol.-Jech. and three new species inDiplococcium—D. bicolor Hol.-Jech.,D. insolitum Hol.-Jech. andD. parcum,Hol.-Jech.     

Inoceramids from Kreibitz-Zittauer area (Saxony and northern Bohemia): revision ofAndert’s (1911) descriptions

Andert’s (1911) inoceramids (Bivalvia) from the topmost Turonian and Lower and lowermost Middle Coniacian (Cretaceous) of the Kreibitz-Zittauer area (Saxony and northern Bohemia) are revised, partially redescribed and newly illustrated. Ten species are discussed. Of the forms described as new byAndert,Inoceramus weiset is shown to represent deformed representatives ofCremnoceramus crassus (Petrascheck), andI. winkholdioides Andert should probably be synonymized withC. brongniarti (Mantell).Andert’s interpretation ofFlegel’s (1904) species, i.e.I. frechi andI. glaziae, is not correct; the former should be referred toMytiloides scupini (Heinz), while the latter includesC. inconstans (Woods),I. vistulensis Walaszczyk,C. rotundatus (Tröger nonFiege), andM. cf.turonicus Walaszczyk. The speciesI. subquadratus Andert representsC. rotundatus (Tröger nonFiege), and hisI. cuvieri var.planus is referred toC. inconstans (Woods) and toC. cf.transilvanicus (Simionescu). The speciesI. protractus Scupin is referred toC. waltersdorfensis (Andert). The main source localities toAndert (1911), i. e. Sonnenberg near Waltersdorf and “Dachsloch” quarry near Innozenzidorf (Czech: Lesne), are of latest Late Turonian/Early Coniacian (theMytiloides scupini andCremnoceramus rotundatus Zones) and late Early Coniacian (C. deformis- C. crassus Zone) age respectively. The third locality, i. e. railway cutting at Tannenberg station (Czech: Jedlová), is probably or late Early Coniacian or early Middle Coniacian age.     

Taxonomic status of the belemnite genusBelemnopsis Bayle 1878

The Tethyan genus “Belemnopsis” of authors, notBayle 1878, includes 110–120 Bajocian to Hauterivian belemnite species and subspecies from Europe and the southern hemisphere. Its type species,Belemnites sulcatus Miller 1826 from the Callovian to Oxfordian of England, belongs to the Boreal belemnite genusLagonibelus Gustomesov 1956, since Phillips selected a lectotype for it in 1870. But the subsequent designation of the type species byDouvillé in 1879 is invalid according to Art. 67 (h) ICZN, and consequentlyBelemnopsis Bayle gets a nomen dubium. It is also a homonym ofBelemnopsis Edwards inGray 1849, and has, therefore, to be replaced byPachybelemnopsis Riegraf 1980, a junior subjective synonym, the family Belemnopseidae Naef 1922 by MesohibolitidaeNerodenko 1983, and the suborder BelemnopseinaJeletzky 1965 by PachybelemnopseinaRiegraf inRiegraf et al. 1998.     

A revision of the moss genusCrossidium (Pottiaceae) with the description of the new genusMicrocrossidium

A world revision of the genusCrossidium Jur. recognizes 11 species, which are described and discussed in the context of important taxonomic characters. An identification key is provided.C. asirense Frey & Kürschner is reduced to synonymy withC. davidai Catcheside, and the geographical range ofC. laevipilum Ther. & Trab. is extended to Europe. Phylogenetic trends are interpreted on the basis of two main evolutionary lines associated with the presence or absence of hyaline hair-points on the leaves. A twelfth species is transferred toMicrocrossidium Guerra & Cano, gen. nov., asM. apiculatum (Magill)Guerra & Cano, comb. nova, because of differences in stem anatomy, peristome configuration, and spore morphology.     

The genusMicromeles revisited

Micromeles Decaisne emend.Koehne (Rosaceae, Maloideae) is shown to be generically distinct fromSorbus L. emend.Crantz. Problems in the taxonomy of the genus are reviewed. The genus appears to be most closely related toRaphiolepis Lindl. but is readily distinguished by a constant set of characters. Both genera may be derived fromSorbus L. emend.Crantz subg.Aria Pers. Analysis of morphological characters is provided. A survey for flavonoids revealed the presence of vitexin and/or luteolin 7-O-glucoside in some members of the genus in a pattern similar to that found in certain Asian species ofSorbus. There are also brief taxonomic notes on some of the species which were examined.     

New names inPhanerogamae 3

New nomenclatural combinations are proposed, resulting from the adoption of a narrower concept of the generic classification unit or from necessary changes of the taxonomic rank in several taxa. A new genus—Anemonidium (Spach)Holub—is proposed inRanunculaceae. Four genera are accepted, includingChamaepitys Hill (Ajuga L. p. p.),Cota J. Gay (Anthemis L. p. p.),Euchiton Cass. (Gnaphalium L. p. p.) andRostraria Trin. (Koeleria Pers. p. p.+Trisetum Pers. p. p.).Genistella Ortega is preferred toChamaespartium Adans. In all 95 new combinations are proposed (83 for species, 11 for subspecies, 1 for a variety), including 21 inCota, 13 inRostraria, 11 inChamaepitys and 10 inEuchiton.     

Notes on some African hepatic genera 6–9

The present study deals with African species ofSyzygiella Spruce,Allisoniella Hodgs. andGymnomitriaceae Klinggr. Three species ofSyzygiella Spruce,S. geminifolia (Mitt.) Steph.,S. concreta (Gott.) Spruce and one indeterminable species with orbicular leaves (known only in sterile condition) occur in Africa.Allisoniella nigra (Rodw.) Schust. represents a genus hitherto unreported for the African flora. The present knowledge ofGymnomitriaceae Klinggr. in subsaharan Africa is summarised; five species ofMarsupella Dum., one ofGymnomitrion Corda and five ofHerzogobryum Grolle are reported. Finally, some additions to the generaIsotachis Mitt.,Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph. andLophozia (Dum.) Dum. are presented.     

Verbeitung einiger seltenen und subendemischen Arten der griechischen Flora mit taxonomischen und chorologischen Betrachtungen

The taxa very rare in Greece,Gentianella bulgarica (Velen.)J. Holub andPrimula elatior (L.)Hill subsp.intricata (Gren. etGodron)Lüdi Balkan-South Carpathian and mountain subendemic taxon of South and South-Central Europe also the oreophytesGentiana asclepidaea L. andAndrosace villosa L. rare in Greece at high altitudes endemic species of Central Europe and arcto-alpic element both extending South as far as Central Italy and Central Greece as well as the relatively rare species in Greece,Crocus biflorus Mill. which exists in South Europe from Sicily and eastwards and finally four otherIridaceae, i.e.: the South Balkan Asia-Minor subendemic speciesCrocus olivieri Gay andC. pulchellus Herbert, the South Balkan endemic speciesC. veluchensis Herbert and the Mediterranean and mostly East-para-mediterranean subendemic speciesHermodactylus tuberosus (L.)Miller are reported and investigated. However new habitats and records in the Greek area of the investigated species are given, their distribution is discussed, while the existence of the taxa most rare in GreecePrimula elatior (L.)Hill subsp.intricata (Gren. etGodron)Lüdi inHegi,Gentianella bulgarica (Velen.)J. Holub,Gentiana asclepiadea L.,Androsace villosa L. andCrocus biflorus Mill. are presented in the form of a dot map and thus the southernmost limits of their spreading in the Balkan peninsula or in S.E. Europe are elucidated.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 8.Endophragmiella andPhragmocephala

Thirteen species and one variety ofEndophragmiella Sutton and three species ofPhragmocephala Mason etHughes collected by the author in Czechoslovakia, and occasionally in other regions of Europe are described and illustrated. Four new species and one new variety are described inEndophragmiella—E. aseptata Hol.-Jech.,E. fatrensis Holt.-Jech.,E. ramificata Hol.-Jech.,E. similis Hol.-Jech. andE. uniseptata (Ellis) Hughes var.pusilla Hol.-Jech..     

Redescription of the largest trigonotarbid arachnid —Kreischeria wiedei Geinitz 1882 from the Upper Carboniferous of Zwickau, Germany

Kreischeria wiedei Geinitz 1882 (Arachnida: Trigonotarbida) from the Upper Carboniferous (Westphalian D) of Zwickau, Germany is redescribed. The family KreischeriidaeHaase 1890 is reinstated and rediagnosed to accomodate this species. We provisionally refer the speciesAnzinia thevenini (Pruvost 1919),Gondwanarachne argentinensis Pinto &Hünicken 1980,Hemikreischeria geinitzi (Thévenin 1902),Pseudokreischeria pococki Gill 1924 andPseudokreischeria varia Petrunkevitch 1949 to Kreischeriidae too.     

New internally structured decapod microcoprolites from Germany (Late Triassic/Early Miocene), Southern Spain (Early/Middle Jurassic) and Portugal (Late Jurassic): Taxonomy, palaeoecology and evolutionary implications

Fossil faecal pellets with internal structures are described from non-marine environments for the first time. In the Late Triassic Lehrberg Beds (Middle Keuper, Carnian) of Germany, the oldest stratigraphic record of the form genusHelicerina Brönnimann &Masse,Helicerina keuperina Seegis n. sp., occurs.Favreina kalankyra Ebli from the Norian Hauptdolomit Formation is also attributed to this genus. Another new speciesof Helicerina, H. ruttei Schweigert n. sp., is described from the Early Miocene calcareous freshwater tufas of Southern Germany. It is attributed to the brachyuran freshwater crabProballaya quenstedti (Zittel) which occurs abundantly at the same locality. Hence, the coprolite genusHelicerina is the product of brachyuran decapods or their Triassic ancestors, and not of anomuran decapods as thought before. From younger Early to Middle Jurassic pelagic ferrugineous limestones of the Subbetic area (Southern Spain), the new speciesFavreina belandoi Fels n. sp. is described besidesHelicerina siciliana Senowbari-Daryan, Schäfer &Catalano, and the better known speciesPalaxius salataensis Brönnimann, Cros &Zaninetti. The number of canals withinFavreina belandoi varies but is clearly correlated with different ontogenetic stages of the same producer. From the Late Jurassic of Portugal, the new speciesPetalina hexalunulata Leinfelder n. gen. n. sp. is reported. It co-occurs withFavreina prusensis (Paréjas). The new genusPetalina is distinct fromFavreina by its hemispherical cross sections of the canals. In Portugal, both species are restricted to intrajurassic marine karstic fissures of the reefal Ota Limestone.     

Taxonomic and biochronological significance of specimens of the Triassic dicynodontDinodontosaurus Romer 1943 in the Tübingen collection

Two species of the dicynodontDinodontosaurus from the Middle Triassic interval of the Santa Maria Formation in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil,D. tener (von Huene 1935) andD. turpior (von Huene 1935), are based on undiagnostic lectotypes and thus arenomina dubia. The oldest valid, available name for a species ofDinodontosaurus isD. oliveirai Romer 1943, the type species of the genus. (The unused senior subjective synonymDiodontosaurus pedroanum Caldas, 1936 has been suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature).Chanaria platyceps Cox 1968 andDinodontosaurus brevirostris Cox 1968 are junior subjective synonyms ofD. oliveirai Romer 1943.Dinodontosaurus thus is a monospecific genus known from the Santa Maria Formation and the Ischichuca (= Chañares) Formation of northwestern Argentina. This dicynodont and associated tetrapods characterize the Chanarian land-vertebrate faunachron, which is of Middle Triassic age, probably Ladinian.     

Karyological and taxonomic observations onDracocephalum foetidum Bunge andKoenigia islandica L.

Chromosome numbers are reported for two Mongolian species,Dracocephalum foetidum Bunge (2n=12) andKoenigia islandica L. (2n=14). The relationship ofD. foetidum toD. moldavica L. (2n=10) and some patterns of phenotypic variation inK. islandica are briefly discussed. The following new combinations are proposed:K. cyanadra (Diels) Měsí?ek etSoják,K. forrestii (Diels) Měsí?ek etSoják,K. hubertii (Lingelsh.) Měsí?ek etSoják, andK. nummularifolia (Meisn.) Měsí?ek etSoják.