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不同居群盾叶薯蓣生长、叶形态及皂苷元含量的研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
对引自湖北武当山、湖南南部和西北部的12个居群盾叶薯蓣的生长状况及叶形、叶色、叶长、叶宽、叶基、叶张角等12个形态指标进行了观测和比较分析,并测定了各居群的叶和块茎中的皂苷元含量。结果表明:1)在置信水平λ=8.0340时,11个居群可划分成2大类型:①长叶型:主要形态特征为叶片长度大于宽度,中裂片相对较长;②宽叶型:主要形态特征为叶片宽度大于长度,中裂片相对较短;2)不同居群盾叶薯蓣花序数、叶片总数、开花时间、花期长短、茎干重、叶干重等存在显著的差异;3)不同居群皂苷元含量差异也较显著,居群块茎中薯蓣皂苷元含量最高达3.98%(3号)、最低(7号)仅0.33%,而居群叶中约莫皂苷元含量最高达4.27%(4号)、最低(2号)为0.98%。 相似文献
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盾叶薯蓣叶片形态多样性研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
盾叶薯蓣不同单株、同株不同部位叶片形态变异较大。利用数量分类和统计的方法,以11个居群的82个盾叶薯蓣单株为材料,对各居群叶片的7个形态特征值进行了测量,并以此计算出5个导出值。统计表明,各个特征值变异很大,相对标准误差均超过了0.2;UPGMA法将82份单株聚为3个大类群,第一组为长叶型,第二组为宽叶型,第三组为普通型,大部分叶片属于第三组。同株不同部位叶片形态差异比较结果表明,基部和中部叶片差异较大,而中部和上部叶片形状接近。同一单株不同部位叶斑纹和叶尖类型相同。 相似文献
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为揭示小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)天然居群叶形态性状的变异规律及其生态适应性特征,该研究以10个小叶锦鸡儿天然居群为对象,通过多重比较、巢式方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法,对7个叶形态性状进行分析。结果表明:(1)小叶锦鸡儿叶形态性状在居群内和居群间均存在极显著差异(P < 0.01),平均变异系数为10.13%,不同性状的变异幅度为6.23%~12.78%;平均叶形态性状的表型分化系数为43.62%,居群内变异(30.09%)大于居群间变异(24.91%),说明居群内是其叶形态性状变异的主要来源。(2)相关性分析表明,环境因子对小叶锦鸡儿的叶形态性状变异有很大的影响,在地理空间上主要呈现出沿海拔梯度的变异模式;主成分分析的结果显示,小叶宽、叶柄宽和叶柄长对小叶锦鸡儿叶形态变异起主导作用;利用欧式距离对小叶锦鸡儿居群进行UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,基于叶形态性状和环境因子可分别将小叶锦鸡儿10个居群分为3类和2类,Mantel检验结果表明,小叶锦鸡儿的叶形态性状变异不存在地理连续性。研究结果为小叶锦鸡儿的适应性进化和开发利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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福建省不同居群轮叶蒲桃叶形态与表皮特征比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对福建省16个不同居群轮叶蒲桃叶片形态特征、叶表皮特征的观察及叶片主要性状的测量,探讨不同居群轮叶蒲桃叶型、叶表皮特征多样性,为属下种间鉴定提供依据.对16个居群轮叶蒲桃叶型多样性进行观察,采用直尺测量叶片主要性状如叶长、叶宽等;采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对叶表皮特征进行观察.结果表明,16个居群轮叶蒲桃叶片中,闽西居群叶形为阔椭圆形;闽东、闽北、闽南等各地居群叶形为长椭圆形或近带形.不同居群轮叶蒲桃叶片表皮毛、角质层纹饰、气孔器形态与类型等表现一致,但表皮细胞垂周壁式样差异明显,具波状、浅波状、平直、弓形等几种类型,且在上下表皮间存在式样一致或有多元化现象.由此说明,福建省不同居群轮叶蒲桃叶形与表皮细胞垂周壁式样均处于较强烈分化的状态,表皮细胞垂周壁式样不能作为属种间分类的依据. 相似文献
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半夏的繁殖生物学研究 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
对“泰半夏”(Pinelliaternata(Thunb.)Breit.)的块茎和珠芽栽培观察结果表明:(1)不同繁殖体的叶形和珠芽所发生的变化与实验用的播种材料有关,珠芽发生频率与叶形变化呈正相关;(2)半夏倒苗既是对不利环境条件的一种适应,也是一种有效的无性繁殖方式;(3)半夏有性繁殖是属于同株异花传粉类型,但与无性繁殖相比,有性繁殖在种质繁衍上仅起着次要作用。 相似文献
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中国葱属单生组4种植物的核型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对葱属单生组Allium sect.Haplostemon Boiss.的4种8个地方居群的核型进行了研究,其中3个种的核型属首次报道。研究结果表明:除在棱叶韭内同时具二倍体、三倍体和四倍体居群外,所研究的其余种的居群均为二倍体。以本研究为基础,结合国内外对该组已有的细胞学研究,得出以下结论:(1)单生组的染色体基数为8,在组内存在1A和2A两种核型类型;(2)组内随体染体类型丰富,在该组物种的生存适应方面可能起重要作用;(3)有些种(如薤白A.macrostemohn,棱叶韭A.caeruleum等)表明出现明显的种内核型分化,有的种甚至在外部形态上也有分化;(4)高度不育的三倍体(棱杏韭)和和五倍体(薤白)居群靠小鳞茎和珠芽进行无性繁殖,以此保持群的稳定和扩大。另外,从生境、繁育制度、多倍化以及这三者之间的关系等方面分析,认为 在单生组中不同的生境有利于诱发染色体的结构作数目变异。多倍化和兼性无融合生殖繁殖制度并存,则有利于克服染色色体变异所带来的育性降低这一繁育障碍,同时使居群中所发生的染色体变异得以保存,因此,多倍化和普性无融合生殖繁育制度并存是该组中多倍体类群进化的重要机制之一。 相似文献
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根茎禾草沙鞭的等位酶变异及克隆多样性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
沙鞭(Psammochloavilosa(Trin.)Bor)是禾本科的一种沙生旱生植物,靠根茎进行无性生殖。采用10种酶系统共15个基因位点对中国科学院植物研究所内蒙古伊克昭盟鄂尔多斯沙地草地生态研究站的4个天然居群进行了遗传结构和克隆多样性分析。结果表明,和同类植物相比,沙鞭的遗传变异水平和克隆多样性均较低。沙鞭4个居群的遗传组成明显不同。石龙庙流动沙丘和石灰庙固定沙丘的基株数目多,遗传变异水平较高,而石龙庙固定沙丘和石灰庙半流动沙丘的基株数目少,只有1株或2株,且多样性水平极低。环境差异在沙鞭的等位酶变异上未得到反映。和其它克隆植物相似,沙鞭的大部分变异存在于居群间(GST=62.16%),居群内变异所占比例较少。沙鞭91.67%的基因型属地方型,无广布基因型。 相似文献
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Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m−2 s−1 . It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to Pfr . 相似文献
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通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一. 相似文献
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真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。
Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching. 相似文献
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M. V. Kozlov V. V. Urnysheva L. N. Shishkina 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2008,44(4):470-475
A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids. 相似文献
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Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H2-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H2 with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD+, FMN+, and NAD(P)+ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H2OCO2+2H++2e- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation 相似文献
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Lee JC 《Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica》2008,40(7):663-669
Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)8 barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)8 structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive ET and active ER . These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive ET and active ER represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery. 相似文献
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(鱼句)亚科花(鱼骨)型鱼类骨骼系统的比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。 相似文献
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Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals
E. Santiago 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,78(6):867-872
Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed. 相似文献