麻疯树的二萜成分

从麻疯树（Jatropha curcas L.)的根中分离得到3个二萜,鉴定为麻疯树酚酮A（iatropholone A)。麻疯树酚酮B（jatropholone B)和一个新的二萜,其结构推定为16－羟基麻疯树酚酮（16-hydroxyjatropholonc),定名麻疯树醇（jatrophol),同时还得到麻疯素（jatrophin),β-谷甾醇－β-D－葡萄糖甙（β－D－glucoside-β-sitosterol),tomentin,蒲公英脑（taraxerol)以及β-谷甾醇。     

麻疯树的二萜成分

从麻疯树（Jatropha curcas L.)的根中分离得到3个二萜,鉴定为麻疯树酚酮A（iatropholone A)。麻疯树酚酮B（jatropholone B)和一个新的二萜,其结构推定为16－羟基麻疯树酚酮（16-hydroxyjatropholonc),定名麻疯树醇（jatrophol),同时还得到麻疯素（jatrophin),β-谷甾醇－β-D－葡萄糖甙（β－D－glucoside-β-sitosterol),tomentin,蒲公英脑（taraxerol)以及β-谷甾醇。     

石香薷中化学成分的研究

从石香薷（Ｍｏｓｌａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａｘｉｍ ．）中分离到１０ 个化合物,经光谱分析、化学方法及与已知化合物对照,分别鉴定为：６－甲基三十三烷（１）、β－谷甾醇（２）、熊果酸（３）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基黄酮（４）、５－羟基－６－甲基－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖（３→１）－β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖双氢黄酮甙（５）、５,７－二羟基－４－甲氧基黄酮（６）、洋芹素（７）、山奈素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（８）、桑色素－７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（９）、鼠李柠檬素－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－芹糖（１→５）芹糖－４－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（１０）。其中,化合物５和１０ 为新化合物     

大火草根部的化学成分

大火草（Ａｎｅｍｏｎｅ　ｔｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａａ（Ｍａｘｉｍ．）Ｐｅｉ）根状茎提取物的乙酸乙酯部分对粘虫（ＬｅｕｃａｎｉａｓｅｐａｒａｔａＷａｌｋｅｒ）有较好的非选择性拒食活性。从该部分分离得到１１个化合物,通过ＮＭＲ、ＭＳ等波谱分析确定它们的结构分别为４,５-二甲氧基-７-甲基香豆素（１）、４-甲氧基-５-甲基-６,７-二氧亚甲基香豆素（２）、４,７-二甲氧基-５-甲基香豆素（３）、齐墩果酸（４）、齐墩果酮酸（５）、齐墩果酸-３-Ｏ-β-Ｄ-吡喃木糖甙（６）、β-谷甾醇（７）、豆甾醇（８）、胡萝卜甙（９）、豆甾醇-３-Ｏ-β-Ｄ-吡喃葡萄糖甙（１０）和过氧化麦角甾醇（１１）。这些化学成分均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中１和２为新化合物。     

光叶马鞍树根化学成分研究

从光叶马鞍树（Ｍａａｃｋｉａ ｔｅｎｕｉｆｏｌｉａ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｈａｎｄ－Ｍａｚｚ．）根乙醇浸膏的二氯甲烷捏溶部位分离得到１３个成分,经光谱方法确定了它们的结构,其中化合物１－３为新化合物,分别为（２Ｒ,３Ｒ）－２’,４‘－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｍａａｃｋｉａｆｌａｖａｎｏｎｏｌ（１）,ｍａａｃｋｉａｐｈｅｎｏｎｅ（２）,４－（１,２－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌ－２－ｐｒｏｐｅｎｙｌ）－１,３－ｄｉｈｙｄｒｏ     

中国特有植物白豆杉的化学成分研究

从中国特有植物白豆杉（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉｉ（Ｃｈｅｎｇ） Ｃｈｅｎｇ）的叶中分得１４ 个单体成分,主要以波谱方法确定了它们的化学结构。其中１３ 个为已知化合物,分别为：２－ｇｕａｉａｃｙｌｐｒｏｐａｎｅ－１,３－ｄｉｏｌ（１）、香草酸（２）、３－甲氧基－４－羟基肉桂酸（３）、３,５－二甲氧基苯酚（４）、ｔａｘｉｃａｔｉｎ（５）、５－ｏｘｙｍ ａｌｔｏｌ（６）、槲皮素－３－鼠李糖甙（７）、（±）－儿茶素（８）、蜕皮素（９）、β－谷甾醇（１０）、葡萄糖（１１）、（±）－１０－ｎｏｎａｃｏｓａｎｏｌ（１２）和二十八酸（１３）。除β－谷甾醇外,其余化合物均是首次从该植物中得到。其中,化合物１ 和６ 未曾从植物中直接得到过。另一单体成分经波谱和化学方法鉴定,初步推定为新化合物,命名为白豆杉内酯（ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｌａｃｔｏｎｅ,１４）。     

紫茎泽兰花的化学成分

从紫茎泽兰（ Ｅｕｐａｔｏｒｉｕｍ ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒｕｍ ） 的花中分离得到１２ 个化合物, 其中紫茎泽兰内酯为一新的杜松烯类倍半萜内酯化合物, 其它为２ － 乙酰氧基－ ３ , ４ , ６ , １１ － 四去氢杜松烷－ ７ － 酮, ７ － 羰基泽兰酮, 克拉维醇, 丁香酚－ Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖甙, ５ , ４′－ 二羟基－ ３ ,６ － 二甲氧基－ ７ － Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖基黄酮, ５ , ４′－ 二羟基－ ６ ,７ － 二甲氧基－ ３ － Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖基黄酮,３ , ５ , ４′－ 三羟基－ ６ ,７ － 二甲氧基黄酮等化合物。     

长果升麻的化学成分研究

从长果升麻（Ｓｏｕｌｉｅａ ｖａｇｉｎａｔａ）根茎中分离出６种皂甙,经光谱（ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、１Ｈ－１Ｈ－ＣＯＳＹ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、１Ｈ－１３Ｃ－ＣＯＳＹ）分析,分别鉴定为２７－ｄｅｏｘｙａｃｔｅｉｎ（１）,ａｃｔｅｉｎ（２）,２５－０－乙酰升麻醇木糖甙（３）,２５－甲基升麻醇木糖甙（４）,升麻醇木糖甙（５）,２４－ａｃｅｔｙｌｈｙｄｒｏｓｈｅｎｇｍａｎｏｌ ｘｙｌｏｓｉｄｅ（６）,其中     

仙茅根茎中的配糖体

从仙茅（ Ｃｕｒｃｕｌｉｇｏ ｏｒｃｈｉｏｉｄｅｓＧａｅｒｔｎ） 根茎中分离到７ 个化合物, 经光谱分析推定其化学结构分别为： ２, ６ － 二甲氧基苯甲酸（Ａ） ; 苔黑酚葡萄糖甙（Ｂ） ; 仙茅素Ａ （Ｃ） ; 仙茅甙（Ｄ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３ － Ｏ－ α－ Ｌ－ 鼠李吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｅ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３－ Ｏ－ β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｆ） 和胡萝卜甙（Ｇ） 。Ｆ为一新甙。     

云木香化学成分研究 II

从丽江产云木香（ＳａｕｓｓｒｅａｌａｐｐａＣ．Ｂ．Ｃｌａｒｋｅ）根中分离得到的另外７化合物,它们分别是孕甾炮醇酮（ｐｒｅｇｎｅｎｏｌｏｎｅ）（１）,β－谷甾醇（β－ｓｉｔｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ）（２）葫萝卜甙（ｄａｕｃｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ）（３）,苯丙素甙（ｓｙｒｉｎｇｉｎ）（４）,木质素甙（１－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｐｉｎｏｒｅｓｉｎｏｌ－１－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｉｄｅ）（５）油酸（ｚ,ｚ）－９,１２－ｏ     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.