麦冬的配糖体成分

从川麦冬（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｏｇｏｎ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）根部乙醇提取物中分离得到四个已知化合物,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为：龙脑７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（１）,龙脑７－Ｏ－〔β－Ｄ－呋喃芹糖（１→６）〕－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖甙（２）,４－烯丙基－１,２－苯本酚１－Ｏ－〔α－Ｌ－吡喃鼠李糖（１→６）〕－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（３）,５－烯－１β,３β,１６β,２２Ｓ－胆甾四醇１－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－吡喃鼠李糖１６     

紫茎泽兰花的化学成分

从紫茎泽兰（ Ｅｕｐａｔｏｒｉｕｍ ａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒｕｍ ） 的花中分离得到１２ 个化合物, 其中紫茎泽兰内酯为一新的杜松烯类倍半萜内酯化合物, 其它为２ － 乙酰氧基－ ３ , ４ , ６ , １１ － 四去氢杜松烷－ ７ － 酮, ７ － 羰基泽兰酮, 克拉维醇, 丁香酚－ Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖甙, ５ , ４′－ 二羟基－ ３ ,６ － 二甲氧基－ ７ － Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖基黄酮, ５ , ４′－ 二羟基－ ６ ,７ － 二甲氧基－ ３ － Ｏ－ β－ 吡喃葡萄糖基黄酮,３ , ５ , ４′－ 三羟基－ ６ ,７ － 二甲氧基黄酮等化合物。     

圆穗蓼中的新黄酮甙成分

从圆穗蓼（Ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎｕｍ ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｓｔａｃｈｙｕｍ Ｍｅｉｓｎ．）中分离得到２个新黄酮甙,经光谱分析和化学方法鉴定为：３＇－羟基－５,４＇－二甲氧基－６,７－二氧亚甲基黄酮－３－Ｏ－「β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖基（１→６）」－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙⑴和５,４＇－二甲氧基－３＇－异丙烯基乙酰基－６,７－二氧亚甲基黄酮－３－Ｏ－「β－Ｄ－吡喃木糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙⑵,分别命名为圆穗蓼素Ａ     

大火草根部的化学成分

大火草（Ａｎｅｍｏｎｅ　ｔｏｍｅｎｔｏｓａａ（Ｍａｘｉｍ．）Ｐｅｉ）根状茎提取物的乙酸乙酯部分对粘虫（ＬｅｕｃａｎｉａｓｅｐａｒａｔａＷａｌｋｅｒ）有较好的非选择性拒食活性。从该部分分离得到１１个化合物,通过ＮＭＲ、ＭＳ等波谱分析确定它们的结构分别为４,５-二甲氧基-７-甲基香豆素（１）、４-甲氧基-５-甲基-６,７-二氧亚甲基香豆素（２）、４,７-二甲氧基-５-甲基香豆素（３）、齐墩果酸（４）、齐墩果酮酸（５）、齐墩果酸-３-Ｏ-β-Ｄ-吡喃木糖甙（６）、β-谷甾醇（７）、豆甾醇（８）、胡萝卜甙（９）、豆甾醇-３-Ｏ-β-Ｄ-吡喃葡萄糖甙（１０）和过氧化麦角甾醇（１１）。这些化学成分均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中１和２为新化合物。     

滇黄芩中五个新的黄酮类配糖体

从滇黄芩（Ｓｃｕｔｅｌｌａｒｉａ ａｍｏｅｎａ）根中分离到５个新的黄酮类配糖体。命名为滇黄芩甙甲－戊（ａｍｏｅｎｉｎｓＡ－Ｅ）。经光谱分析,化学结构分别证明为：２’,４’,６’－三羟基二氢查耳酮４’－「Ｏ－β－Ｄ－半乳吡喃糖基（１→２）」－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙,５,７,２’－三羟基－６－甲氧基二氢黄酮７－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖醛酸甙,（顺式）－５,７,２’－三羟基二氢黄酮醇３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄     

紫茎泽兰的化学成分

从紫茎泽兰（ＥｕｐａｔｏｒｉｕｍａｄｅｎｏｐｈｏｒｕｍＳｐｒｅｎｇ）中分离得到８个化合物,其中３－（２′－β－Ｏ－吡喃葡萄糖）－苯基－２－反式丙烯酸为一新化合物,其余为槲皮万寿菊素－７－β－Ｏ－葡萄糖甙,６－甲氧基山奈酚－７－甲基醚－３－β－Ｏ－吡喃葡萄糖甙,槲皮万寿菊素－４′－甲基醚－７－β－Ｏ－葡萄糖甙,６－羟基山奈酚－７－β－Ｏ－葡萄糖甙,６－甲氧基芜花素,伞形花内酯及正三十二醇。     

仙茅根茎中的配糖体

从仙茅（ Ｃｕｒｃｕｌｉｇｏ ｏｒｃｈｉｏｉｄｅｓＧａｅｒｔｎ） 根茎中分离到７ 个化合物, 经光谱分析推定其化学结构分别为： ２, ６ － 二甲氧基苯甲酸（Ａ） ; 苔黑酚葡萄糖甙（Ｂ） ; 仙茅素Ａ （Ｃ） ; 仙茅甙（Ｄ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３ － Ｏ－ α－ Ｌ－ 鼠李吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｅ） ; ２４ｓ, ３β, １１α, １６β, ２４ － 四羟基环阿尔廷醇－ ３－ Ｏ－ β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖基（１ →２） － β－ Ｄ－ 葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｆ） 和胡萝卜甙（Ｇ） 。Ｆ为一新甙。     

滇重楼地上部分的配糖体

从滇重楼ＰａｒｉｓｐｏｌｙｐｈｙｌｌａＳｍ．ｖａｒ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｆｒ．）Ｈ－Ｍ,地上部分,分离出４个微量的配糖体,经光谱分析和化学降解证明其化学结构分别为２５Ｓ－异钮替皂甙元－３－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２）［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃甙（Ａ）,２６－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基－纽替皂甙元－３－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→２）［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１→４）－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ｂ）,山奈酚－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃甙（Ｃ）,７－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基－山奈酚－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→６）－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖甙（Ｄ）。     

慈溪麦冬甙A和B的结构

从浙江慈溪产中药麦冬（Ｏｐｈｉｏｐｏｇｏｎ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｍ）中分离得到２个新的Ｃ２７甾体甙－－慈溪麦冬甙Ａ（２）和Ｂ（３）以及已知甙ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃甙（２）和ｏｐｈｉｏｇｅｎｉｎ ３－氧－α－Ｌ－鼠李糖吡喃基（１→２）「β－Ｄ－木糖吡喃基（１→３）」「β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡喃基（１→４）」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖吡     

鞭打绣球中的苯丙素甙和环烯醚萜甙

从鞭打绣球（ＨｅｍｉｐｈｒａｇｍａｈｅｔｅｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍＷａｌｌ．）（玄参科）的全草中分离到２个新的苯丙素甙,命名为鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ（ｈｅｍｉｐｈｒｏｓｉｄｅＡａｎｄＢ）,２个已知的苯丙素甙,ｐｌａｎｔａｍａｊｏｓｉｄｅ和ｐｌａｎｔａｉｎｏｓｉｄｅＤ,以及３个已知的环烯醚萜甙,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｃｉｓｉｎ,ｇｌｏｂｕｌａｒｉｎ和ｉｓｏ－ｓｃｒｏｐｈｕｌａｒｉｏｓｉｄｅ．通过化学和光谱分析,鞭打绣球甙Ａ和Ｂ的结构分别鉴定为２－（３－羟基－４－甲氧基苯基）乙基０－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）－４－Ｏ－反式阿魏醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖试和２－（３,４－二羟基苯基）乙基Ｏ－［６－Ｏ－乙醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖基（１→３）］－４－Ｏ－反式咖啡醚基－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙．     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.