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1.
基于16S rRNA和ND1基因序列的中国蚌科丽蚌属的系统发育   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周春花  欧阳珊  吴小平  黎敏 《动物学报》2007,53(6):1024-1030
  相似文献   

2.
湘江长沙段的双壳类软体动物   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
报道了湘江长沙段双壳类软体动物的调查结果,计有双壳类24种及3亚种(其中椭圆背角无齿蚌和橄榄蛏蚌为湖南省新记录种),分别隶属于双壳纲3科17属,其中主要是蚌科珠蚌亚科的种类。并对它们的种类组成、区系、分布、种群大小及栖息环境进行了分析,叙述了优势种的经济价值及利用前景。  相似文献   

3.
池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)和三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)的亲缘关系一直存在争议, 为了更深入地对淡水珠蚌进行系统发育分析, 研究对池蝶蚌及其3个近缘物种三角帆蚌、褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)和背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)的转录组进行了比较分析。对它们共有单拷贝同源基因进行多序列联配后计算这4种淡水珠蚌之间的遗传距离, 结果表明池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌的遗传距离只有0.00746(小于1%), 而其他淡水珠蚌之间的遗传距离几乎是它的10倍(平均大于6%)。系统发育分析表明, 小方蚌亚科与无齿蚌亚科大约在5144万年前发生分歧, 而池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌发生分化的时间大约在424万年前。进一步的遗传差异分析鉴定了池蝶蚌转录组中的特有基因, 其中KEGG 通路富集的结果表明这些基因主要富集在免疫细胞膜分子和蛋白消化吸收等通路上。同时, GO注释结果表明有很多特有基因与池蝶蚌的优良性状相关, 如与发育相关的生长发育、系统发育和动物器官发育等生物学过程, 及与免疫相关的免疫系统过程、抗原处理和呈递等生物学过程。以上结果表明, 池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌具有更近的亲缘关系, 它们可能是同一物种的不同亚种或不同种群, 这对淡水珠蚌种质资源的保护和遗传育种具有重要参考意义。此外, 相比于三角帆蚌, 池蝶蚌可能具有一些与生长发育及免疫相关的特有基因, 这为探究相关的分子机制提供了线索。  相似文献   

4.
本文报道圆顶珠蚌、鱼尾楔蚌、中国尖嵴蚌、卵形尖嵴蚌育儿囊的特点和钩介幼虫的形态。应用光镜和扫描电镜对四种蚌的钩介幼虫形态进行了观察和比较。结果表明,四种蚌的育儿囊均为外鳃类的同生型,钩介幼虫为有钩型,幼虫的大小、形状、壳表面、壳钩、棘刺、幼虫丝、感觉毛等在不同种之间存在着差异。文中对这些特征在分类上的意义进行了讨论。  相似文献   

5.
尖塘鳢属鱼类线粒体12SrRNA基因序列分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用PCR技术扩增和测序了线纹尖塘鳢、云斑尖塘鳢和海丰沙塘鳢线粒体12SrRNA基因,结合从GenBank中下载的部分同源序列,共分析了5种鱼类的系统发育关系。在Kimura2-parameter模型构建的邻接树中,原产泰国的云斑尖塘鳢与原产澳州线纹尖塘鳢均为单系类群,二者为亲缘关系最为密切的姐妹群,海丰沙塘鳢与其它群体的亲缘关系较远,支持将尖塘鳢属从塘鳢属中分出的传统分类处理。尖塘鳢属内云斑尖塘鳢和线纹尖塘鳢鱼类种内DNA序列无差异,而种间差异明显,表明线粒体12SrRNA基因可作为塘鳢科鱼类种类鉴定的良好分子标记。  相似文献   

6.
部分双壳贝类的线粒体遗传方式不同于标准的母系遗传(SMI),被称为双单性遗传现象(DUI)。池蝶蚌(Hyriopsis schlegelii)是淡水双壳贝类,是否存在双单性遗传现象?本文采用普通PCR扩增、SHOT-GUN测序及软件拼接获得了雄性池蝶蚌线粒体基因组(以下简称Hs-mtDNA)全序列,并与本实验室已报道的雌性池蝶蚌线粒体基因组全序列进行差异性分析。结果表明,雄性和雌性Hs-mtDNA全长分别为15961 bp和15939 bp,雄性比雌性长22 bp,雌雄线粒体基因组成与排列顺序一致。各蛋白编码基因的碱基数目均一致,碱基转换率为1.01%~7.34%,颠换率为0.00%~0.62%,氨基酸差异率为0.00%~9.35%;其中,COX1基因变异率为2.72%;COX2基因碱基变异率最高,达7.50%,雄性COX2的3'末端没有出现编码延伸区。雄性12S rRNA基因发生5 bp的碱基转换,差异率为0.6%;16S rRNA基因比雌性长9 bp,碱基差异率仅为1.2%。雌雄tRNA-His均位于H链上,介于COX2与ND3之间,没有出现位置的差异性。雌雄Hs-mtDNA的非编码区共有28个1~393 bp的片段,但未见控制区。在tRNA-Glu与tRNA-Tyr间有一段长393 bp的非编码区存在蛋白质翻译功能,但非雄性特异性蛋白。以COX1基因建立系统进化树,池蝶蚌和三角帆蚌(H.cumingii)聚在一起,而含有双单性遗传现象的无齿蚌属的Pyganodon grandis、小方蚌亚科的Venustaconcha ellipsiformis及小方形蚌属的Quadrula quadrula三者雄性聚为一支,雌性聚为一支。因此,雌雄池蝶蚌线粒体存在一定的差异性,但其差异要比其他具有双单性遗传现象的淡水双壳类小得多,且池蝶蚌线粒体遗传可能不存在双单性遗传现象。  相似文献   

7.
本研究从GenBank下载了31种鸡形目鸟类、2种雁形目鸟类、1种戴胜目鸟类、1种佛法僧目鸟类和1种犀鸟目鸟类的线粒体16SrRNA基因的部分序列。经比对后序列长度为1384bp,其中有400个变异位点。A+T平均含量为54.2%,C+G平均含量为45.8%。贝叶斯系统发生分析揭示出鸡形目和雁形目分别形成单系。研究表明:(1)珠鸡科是鸡形目中较为原始的一个类群;(2)传统分类中的雉亚科和鹑亚科并非分别形成单系;(3)吐绶鸡科和松鸡科与雉科的亲缘关系较近;(4)孔雀属、Francolinus和Bambusicola之间的亲缘关系较近;山鹑属与多个雉亚科的亲缘关系较近;(5)雉科内各个属的属内分化主要发生于后中新世-更新世期间。  相似文献   

8.
珠蚌科六种蚌的钩介幼虫形态比较研究   总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9  
本文观察了背角无齿蚌、沼纹冠蚌、剑状矛蚌、圆顶珠蚌、刻裂丽蚌和洞穴丽蚌等6种蚌的育儿囊类型;用光镜和扫描电镜观察和研究了幼虫的形态特征。结果表明,前4种蚌的育儿囊属外鳃类的同生型,后2种的育儿囊属外鳃类的四生型;6种幼虫均为钩介幼虫,其中前4种为有钩型,后2种为无钩型;6种幼虫的大小、形态有别,并证明种间幼虫的壳钧和壳饰的亚显微形态显然有异。本文还就6种蚌在Simpson分类系统中的地位与按它们的育儿囊和钩介幼虫类型得到的归类进行比较。结果表明,Simpson对6种蚌中3种的分类与归类不妥。本文为研究我国淡水贝类的分类提供一条新的途径,并为建立珠蚌类的自然分类系统积累资料。  相似文献   

9.
文章基于线粒体控制区基因序列和微卫星标记比较秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tsinlingensis Li)、黑龙江流域的尖吻细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok Pallas)和钝吻细鳞鲑(Brachymystax tumensis Mori)的分子遗传差异,为澄清其分类地位争议提供分子证据。结果表明:(1)扩增217个样本的mtDNA D-loop区序列,共获得45个单倍型,类群间无共享单倍型;基于单倍型构建的系统进化树显示三个细鳞鲑类群呈独立的支系;(2)基于14个呈多态性位点的遗传分化结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑与尖吻或钝吻细鳞鲑之间的遗传距离均大于尖吻细鳞鲑和钝吻细鳞鲑之间的遗传距离;(3)基于线粒体D-loop和多态性微卫星位点计算出的遗传分化系数(FST)都远高于0.25表明三个类群间的遗传分化程度极高。这些结果表明,秦岭细鳞鲑与黑龙江流域细鳞鲑之间遗传分化程度高,结合前期发现秦岭细鳞鲑与黑龙江细鳞鲑类群有明显形态分化的研究结果及它们之间地理隔离已久的现状,研究初步判定秦岭细鳞鲑为独立物种,并建议以Brachymystax tsinlinge...  相似文献   

10.
鼬科动物线粒体DNA控制区结构分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张洪海  徐纯柱  马建章 《生态学报》2009,29(7):3585-3592
利用PCR技术获得紫貂(Martes zibellina)和黄喉貂(Martes flavigula)线粒体DNA控制区全序列,并结合从GenBank中下载的9种鼬科动物相应序列,用ClustalX排序后对控制区结构进行分析,识别出延长终止序列区、中央区和保守序列区3个区域,指出了一个终止相关序列ETAS1及8个保守序列(CSB-F、E、D、C、B、1、2和3),并给出了序列通式,在CSB1和CSB2之间发现不同形式的短重复序列.此外,以狼为外类群,应用邻接法构建鼬科线粒体控制区全序列的系统进化树,结果表明:臭鼬亚科最先从鼬科中分化出来,随后剩余类群分为两大支系,即貂属种类与貂熊聚为一支,并与獾亚科的狗獾形成姐妹群;另一支为水獭亚科的物种与鼬属的林鼬形成姐妹群,再与虎鼬聚在一起,狗獾与貂属的紫貂亲缘关系最近,水獭亚科与鼬属亲缘关系最近.  相似文献   

11.
青藏高原东南缘一直被认为是高原隆升造成物质逃逸的主要场所,很好地记录了反映高原隆升的沉积、构造和生物演化事件。剑川盆地是青藏高原东南缘的一个拉分盆地。作为剑川盆地最主要的沉积地层,双河组内仅有少量双壳类化石的报道,缺少详细的化石对比研究。本文系统描述双河组最新发现的双壳类共4属9种,分别为Unio,Acuticosta,Cuneopsis和Anodonta 4属,Acuticosta huoerguosica,Acuticosta sp.,Acuticosta subimmutata,Acuticostacf.chinensis,Acuticostacf.cuspidata,Acuticostacf.semiretiaria,Unio cf.subparallelus,Cuneopsis cf.subceltiformis和Anodonta cf.subpiscinalis 9种,均属于古异齿目珠蚌科。其中Acuticosta和Cuneopsis为现代东亚的特征属,Acuticosta chinensis和Cuneopsis subceltiformis为长江以南的现生种,而Acuticosta chinensis以往只在新疆有过化石记录。结合双河组的侵入脉体的年龄和介形虫标准化石的研究确定双河组的时代为晚始新世,故本次研究不仅为相关双壳类的产出时代可以延伸至晚始新世提供了有力的证据和新材料,而且反映出剑川盆地双河组在晚始新世为亚热带的淡水三角洲前缘-前三角洲的沉积环境。  相似文献   

12.
蚌科钩介幼虫的比较形态学研究Ⅱ.六个种幼虫的形态   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
研究了真柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌,洞穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌、三解帆蚌、褶纹完蚌等六种蚌的育作囊的类型和钩介幼虫的形态,应用光镜及扫描电僮对钩介幼虫的形态结构进行了观察和比较。结果表明 柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌、三角帆蚌、褶纹冠的育儿囊为外鳃类同生型,洞穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌的育儿囊为外鳃类四生型、钩介幼虫可为二类:真柱矛蚌、剑状矛蚌、褶 纹冠蚌为有钩型,三角帆蚌、油穴丽蚌、角月丽蚌为无钩型。一些细微结构在不同种之间也存在着差  相似文献   

13.
Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) is an exception to the typical maternal inheritance of mitochondrial (mt) DNA in Metazoa, and found only in some bivalves. In species with DUI, there are two highly divergent gender-associated mt genomes: maternal (F) and paternal (M), which transmit independently and show different tissue localization. Solenaia carinatus is an endangered freshwater mussel species exclusive to Poyang Lake basin, China. Anthropogenic events in the watershed greatly threaten the survival of this species. Nevertheless, the taxonomy of S. carinatus based on shell morphology is confusing, and the subfamilial placement of the genus Solenaia remains unclear. In order to clarify the taxonomic status and discuss the phylogenetic implications of family Unionidae, the entire F and M mt genomes of S. carinatus were sequenced and compared with the mt genomes of diverse freshwater mussel species. The complete F and M mt genomes of S. carinatus are 16716 bp and 17102 bp in size, respectively. The F and M mt genomes of S. carinatus diverge by about 40% in nucleotide sequence and 48% in amino acid sequence. Compared to F counterparts, the M genome shows a more compact structure. Different gene arrangements are found in these two gender-associated mt genomes. Among these, the F genome cox2-rrnS gene order is considered to be a genome-level synapomorphy for female lineage of the subfamily Gonideinae. From maternal and paternal mtDNA perspectives, the phylogenetic analyses of Unionoida indicate that S. carinatus belongs to Gonideinae. The F and M clades in freshwater mussels are reciprocal monophyly. The phylogenetic trees advocate the classification of sampled Unionidae species into four subfamilies: Gonideinae, Ambleminae, Anodontinae, and Unioninae, which is supported by the morphological characteristics of glochidia.  相似文献   

14.
Savazzi, E. & Yao, P. 1992 04 15: Some morphological adaptations in freshwater bivalves. Lethaia , Vol. 25, pp. 195–209. Oslo. ISSN 0024–1164.
Several freshwater bivalves possess peculiar shell morphologies. An extension of the postero-dorsal shell margins above the hinge line evolved convergently in several unionids. This extension supplements the opening momentum of the ligament, but must be broken off periodically in order to allow further shell growth. Arconaia and Cuneopsis have evolved twisted commissure planes, comparable to those found in unrelated marine bivalves. In marine forms, byssus is believed to have played a fundamental role in the evolution of shell torsion. However, the twisted Unionidae do not possess a byssus in the adult stage, thus forcing us to re-evaluate our ideas on the adaptive value and evolution of shell torsion. Solenaia oleivora is apparently incapable of reburrowing and of retracting its foot within the shell. The foot may be functional as an anchor, and is perhaps involved in chemosynthesis by storing sulphur extracted as sulphide from the surrounding sediment. Other adaptations of freshwater bivalves include selective thickening of portions of the shell that enhance its stability, permanent anterior and posterior gapes, and oyster-like morphologies and shell structures. * Functional morphology, constructional morphology, burrowing, shell torsion, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Unionacea, Recent, Quaternary, People's Republic of China .  相似文献   

15.
Bitterling fishes deposit their eggs on the gills of living mussels using a long ovipositor. We examined whether ovipositor length (OL) and egg shape correlated with differences in host mussel species in the family Unionidae among populations of the tabira bitterling (Acheilognathus tabira) in Japan. Bitterling populations that use mussels in the sub-family Anodontinae possessed longer ovipositors and more elongated eggs than those using mussels of Unioninae, as expected from the difference in host size between the sub-families (anodontine mussels are larger than unionine mussels). Based on a robust phylogeny of A. tabira populations, we demonstrated that the evolution of both OL and egg shape were correlated with host differences, but not with each other, suggesting that these traits have been selected for independently. Our study demonstrates how adaptive traits for brood parasitism may diverge with host shift due to different host availability and/or interspecific competition for hosts.  相似文献   

16.
Specific and high titer antisera against 4-O-methylglucuronic acid-containing glycosphingolipid (Lipid IV) from spermatozoa of the fresh-water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii, were raised in rabbits. The antisera were found to agglutinate spermatozoa of three fresh-water bivalves, H. schlegelii, Anodonta woodiana, and Cristaria plicata (Palaeoheterodonta), but they did not agglutinate those of Corbicula sandai (Heterodonta). The specificity of the agglutination was examined by an inhibition test using various carbohydrates, from which it was concluded that an antigenic determinant is GlcA4Me-Fuc. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that Lipid IV exists on the cell surface of the spermatozoa.  相似文献   

17.
Mitochondrial inheritance in the Unionidae is complex since mitochondria can be inherited from both parents. An increased rate of recombination could lead to erroneous homology assessments, which could cause problems for phylogenetic reconstruction. For this reason we investigated the possibility of using a nuclear marker, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, for phylogenetic studies in the Unionidae, as a complement and comparison to two of the most widely used mitochondrial genes today. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region ( ITS1 , 5.8S , ITS2 ) was sequenced from 72 specimens representing six of the seven species of Unionidae mussels occurring in NW Europe: Unio pictorum , U. tumidus , U. crassus , Anodonta anatina , A. cygnea and Pseudanodonta complanata. Sequences from Margaritifera margaritifera were used as an outgroup . The ITS sequences of all species were found to have low intragenomic and infraspecific variation. Compared to mitochondrial genes ( 16S and COI ) they show an intermediate genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analyses produce tree topologies that are congruent with those resulting from analyses of the mitochondrial sequences. Likewise, an incongruence length difference (ILD) test showed no significant incongruence between data sets, indicating that if recombination has occurred it has not produced any conflicting patterns. Best-resolved and supported trees are obtained when gaps are treated as a fifth character state. A combined analysis of the three gene regions shows that Unio crassus and U. pictorum are more closely related than either to U. tumidus . Pseudanodonta is nested within Anodonta as sister taxon to A. cygnea . Advice on how to best preserve mussel material for DNA studies is provided.  相似文献   

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