永安竹类植物及其区系研究

经调查,永安天然分布的竹类植物有11属63种(含变种、变型),属种分别占中国总数的28.2%和11.4%,占全省的64.7%和48.8%。其中红舌唐竹、湖南箬竹、毛箨茶秆竹、黄槽毛竹等4种为福建省竹类分布新记录。经类群分析表明,永安竹类植物以单轴散生和复轴混生类型为主,具明显的由丛生竹向散生竹过渡特性,是散生竹类和混生竹类的分布中心。区系地理分析表明,永安竹类植物有5个分布区类型(含亚型),其中东亚成分占首位。     

福建漳州竹类资源分布与开发利用

漳州位于福建省南部,气候温和,雨量充沛,竹类资源较为丰富,共有8属30种5变种2栽培类型,其中有许多经济竹类。竹类资源的开发利用具有广阔的前景,可持续发展尤为重要。     

福建漳州竹类资源分布与开发利用

漳州位于福建省南部,气候温和,雨量充沛,竹类资源较为丰富,共有８属３０种５变种２栽培类型,其中有许多经济竹类,竹类资源的开发利用具有广阔的前景,可持续发展万为重要。     

云南德宏傣族景颇族自治州竹亚科(禾本科)植物区系地理研究

云南南部和西南部是中国竹类资源最为丰富的地区 ,与其邻近地区一起构成了世界木本竹类的多样性中心。德宏正处于这个中心位置 ,竹子种类丰富 ,有 16属 5 6种及变种 ,其中中国特有种 2 1种 (云南特有 15种 ) ,占其竹亚科全部区系成分 (45种 )的 4 6 6 7%。热带亚洲分布类型占绝对优势 ,本地区的竹亚科区系与热带亚洲特别是缅甸 (有 18种共有种 )及云南南部和东南部有非常密切的联系     

竹花叶病毒卫星RNA及其编码卫星蛋白的结构与功能

竹花叶病毒(Bamboo mosaic virus,BaMV)是目前为止被发现感染竹类惟一的病毒,除了巴西、夏威夷及琉球有过零星报道外,台湾对此病毒有较深入的研究[1~13]。BaMV在台湾地区的竹类栽培区普遍发生,可危害4个属、14个种、3个变种和3个栽培种[14,15],其中麻竹(Dendrocalamuslatifloru     

丹霞山竹类一新变种及小麻竹补充描述

描述了产自丹霞山国家级自然保护区竹类一新变种——丹霞单枝竹(Bonia saxatilis var. danxiaensis X. Li, J. B. Ni & Y. H. Tong),该变种与单枝竹原变种(B. saxatilis var. saxatilis)的区别在于箨舌和叶舌的边缘不具长纤毛。本文编制了单枝竹及其变种的检索表,还对新近描述的产自丹霞山的另外一种竹类——小麻竹(Dendrocalamus pulverulentoides N. H. Xia, J. B. Ni, Y. H. Tong & Z. Y. Niu)的部分营养体特征进行了修正,并补充描述了其花部形态。     

竹花叶病毒卫星RNA及其编码卫星蛋白的结构与功能

竹花叶病毒(Bamboo mosaic virus,BaMV)是目前为止被发现感染竹类惟一的病毒,除了巴西、夏威夷及琉球有过零星报道外,台湾对此病毒有较深入的研究[1～13].BaMV在台湾地区的竹类栽培区普遍发生,可危害4个属、14个种、3个变种和3个栽培种[14,15],其中麻竹(Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro)和绿竹(Bambusa oldhamii Munro)遭受危害最为严重,主要竹产地染病率可高达90%以上,给台湾的竹产业造成了严重危害[16].     

福建九阜山自然保护区竹类资源及其开发利用

福建省尤溪县九阜山自然保护区竹类植物资源共有9属23种,主要的竹林有毛竹林、福建酸竹林、箬竹林、苦竹林。报道了九阜山自然保护区竹类植物资源种类、分类群组成、分布区类型等,并提出竹类资源的合理开发利用建议。     

巴西竹类生物多样性

巴西是全球生物多样性最丰富的地区,其竹类多样性也极为丰富。结合现存资料及野外调查,对巴西全境的竹类分布格局进行了讨论。巴西全国有原生竹亚科植物256种(含2亚种及3变种),北部地区草本竹类(莪莉竹族)最丰富,有61种,而东南部地区木本竹类(箣竹族)最丰富,有96种。偏穗竹属(Merostachys)(43种)和丘斯夸竹属(Chusquea)(45种)是最常见的属,并是最具潜在经济利用的竹类。属种的特有性分别高达32.4%和68.8%。特有属有11个,分别为莪莉竹族的双药莪利草竹属(Diandrolyra)、独焰草竹属(Eremitis)、小百瑞草竹属(Parianella)、赖茨草竹属(Reitzia)、苏克蕾草竹属(Sucrea)和箣竹族的南美梨藤竹属(Alvimia)、离枝竹属(Apoclada)、密穗竹属(Athroostachys)、卡姆巴珠瓦竹属(Cambajuva)、菲尔盖拉斯竹属(Filgueirasia)、无枝竹属(Glaziophyton)。     

美国在华采集竹类植物标本的历史(1840-2010年)

植物标本采集是植物学研究的重要内容, 与植物引种密切相关。自19世纪以来, 美国植物采集者在全球尤其是中国进行了广泛的植物采集。在众多的植物类群中, 中国的竹类植物引起了美国采集者的极大关注, 并开展了大量调查研究和标本采集工作。研究美国植物采集者在中国采集竹类植物标本的历史, 对了解竹类植物从中国引种到美国的历史具有重要意义。本文基于国内外有关美国在华采集的竹类植物标本数据, 对其学名、采集地、采集人以及采集时间进行整理校对, 分析了美国采集者在华采集竹类植物标本的历史。结果表明: 1840-2010年, 美国在华共采集竹类植物标本960号2,238份, 隶属于25属120种(含变种和变型), 分别占中国竹类属和种数的73.5%和22.5%; 有45位(支)采集者(采集队), 在这些采集者中莫古礼最为重要; 采集地涉及20个省级行政区; 采集时间前后跨度约170年, 主要集中在20世纪上半叶。     

辽宁省高等植物多样性编目

为给辽宁植物多样性保护提供本底数据, 更准确地评价植物濒危及保护等级, 以及更好地给农学、林学、生态学、系统学等研究提供可靠的基础性数据, 本文首次将几代人在辽宁境内发现的高等植物进行汇总、编目, 包括苔藓植物和维管束植物。苔藓植物根据正式发表的文献和中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所东北生物标本馆(IFP)馆藏采自辽宁省全域的苔藓植物标本编制。维管束植物主要根据5个方面的信息整理: 作者多年野外调查的一手资料、文献、同行交流、公众提供信息、标本等。编目内容包括辽宁省高等植物总名录、辽宁省栽培植物名录、辽宁省外来植物名录、辽宁省仅有栽培植物的科属目录、辽宁省仅有外来植物的科属目录; 编目中涉及的物种均有科属地位、中文名、拉丁名、生境、产地(县级), 总名录中附有每个物种的信息凭证, 包括标本信息、文献信息或照片依据。本编目共计收录植物254科1,176属3,241种73亚种447变种119变型。其中, 苔藓植物为辽宁地区首次披露名录信息, 计83科205属491种4亚种7变种(含藓类52科156属373种1亚种5变种, 苔类29科46属114种3亚种2变种, 角苔类2科3属4种)。维管束植物虽非首次披露名录信息, 但与以往发布的维管束植物名录相比, 本次收录的种类数最多, 计171科971属2,750种69亚种440变种119变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物5科19属47种1亚种13变种2变型, 被子植物147科910属2,607种66亚种420变种117变型)。经统计, 辽宁省所有苔藓植物均为本土野生植物。维管束植物中, 野生植物计149科741属2,077种62亚种378变种93变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物4科8属12种6变种1变型, 被子植物145科133属1,969种60亚种365变种92变型), 栽培植物计104科390属673种7亚种62变种26变型(含裸子植物5科17属35种1亚种7变种1变型, 被子植物99科373属638种6亚种55变种25变型); 本土植物计158科796属2,235种65亚种421变种116变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物5科14属29种12变种2变型, 被子植物134科740属2,110种63亚种402变种114变型), 外来植物计88科316属515种4亚种19变种3变型(含裸子植物3科10属18种1亚种1变种, 被子植物85科306属497种3亚种18变种3变型)。本编目仅是辽宁省高等植物的阶段性汇总, 尚需要根据野外工作的拓展和研究工作的深入不断完善。     

Identification and genetic variation among Hibiscus species (Malvaceae) using RAPD markers

Germplasm identification and characterization is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Traditionally, species or cultivars identification has relied on morphological characters like growth habit or floral morphology like flower colour and other characteristics of the plant. Studies were undertaken for identification and determination of genetic variation within the two species of Hibiscus and 16 varieties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. through random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) markers. Primer screening was made by using the DNA of variety "Prolific". Genetic analysis was made by using ten selected decamer primers. A total of 79 distinct DNA fragments ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 kb were amplified by using ten selected random decamer primers. The genetic similarity was evaluated on the basis of presence or absence of bands. The cluster analysis indicated that the 16 varieties and two species formed one cluster. The first major cluster consisted of three varieties and a second major cluster consisted of two species and 13 varieties. The genetic distance was very close within the varieties and also among the species. Thus, these RAPD markers have the potential for identification of species/varieties and characterization of genetic variation within the varieties. This is also helpful in Hibiscus breeding programs and provides a major input into conservation biology.     

河南省水生种子植物的生物多样性及区系特征

论述了河南省水生种子植物的生物多样性及区系组成。结果表明,河南水生种子植物有30科、61属、125种、1亚种、9变种及2变型,其中以挺水植物为主,有75种、1亚种、5变种、2变型;浮水植物次之,有33种2变种;沉水植物较少,有17种2变种。河南省水生植物的区系成分中,以泛热带、北温带和旧世界热带3种成分为主,其次是东亚和东亚北美间断成分和旧世界温带成分,植物区系中热带成分和温带成分几乎并重。     

广东省药用植物的种类、分布特点及药材生产中值得注意的若干问题

<正> 广东位于祖国的中南部,地处亚热带与热带地区,疆域辽阔,地形复杂,气候温和,雨量充沛,在不同的地域含不同的植被类型和繁多的植物种类,药用植物的种类与资源也极丰富。。本省民间应用植物药(药材)防病、治病及人工种植药材等都有着悠久的历史。早在晋·嵇含《南方草木状》中就记述了本省不少的药用植物种类。近年来,随着四化建设的需要,我省植物药的应用与生产也不断发展和提高,成为我国药材,特别是“南药”的主要产地之一。著名药材,如巴戟天、砂仁、益智、何首乌、桔红、广藿香、广防己、金钱草等,行销     

The occurrence of nitro-toxins in North American astragalus (Fabaceae)

Leaves from herbarium specimens of 505 species and varieties of North AmericanAstragalus were examined for the presence of organic nitro-toxins. The relative concentration of these nitro compounds was determined for the 263 nitro-containing species and varieties. Chemotaxonomic relationships existed among many species so that the presence, molecular configuration, and concentration of the nitro-toxins in the species examined could be used to predict the occurrence of these toxins in other taxa. Geographic differences were also noted for varieties of one species,A. robbinsii (Oakes) A. Gray.     

X-ray irradiation of excised embryos of mesta (Hibiscus cannabinus L. and H. sabdariffa L.)

Summary Excised embryos of Hibiscus spp. were treated with 1 kR to 6 kR of X-ray. Results indicate that germination was unaffected at this level of employed doses in both species, which in turn implies that the factors responsible for inhibition of germination are not present in the embryo. LD₅₀ values differed between varieties and species. Early varieties of both species were more sensitive to radiation than late varieties. Strikingly similar effects were observed for the varieties with smaller embryos over those with larger ones. Allopolyploid H. sabdariffa (2n=72) was more susceptible than diploid H. cannabinus (2n=36).Differences in mutation frequency exist between species with different levels of ploidy and between varieties within the same species. Most of the HC mesta varieties yielded higher mutation frequencies than those of HS mesta. Optimal dose for triggering mutations in all varieties (except the chlorophyll mutation variety of HC mesta) of the two species lies within a narrow range of 1 kR to 2 kR. Cent per cent seedling abnormalities is concomitant to LD₅₀; nevertheless, optimum dose for mutation frequency is independent of LD₅₀. Hence, the response should be viewed in terms of respective genotype. The advantages of the embryo irradiation technique are mentioned.     

Rhizosphere and rhizoplane fungi of Triticum vulgare cultivated in Saudi Arabia

131 species in addition to 7 varieties which belong to 40 genera were collected from the rhizosphere (36 genera and 120 species + 7 varieties) and rhizoplane (27 genera and 56 species + 2 varieties) of Triticum vulgare. More than 22 species and 3 varieties were not encountered previously from soils or other sources in Saudi Arabia.In the rhizosphere, Aspergillus and Penicillium contributed the broadest spectrum of species (26 species + 5 varieties; and 24 species, respectively). The most frequent fungi were Aspergillus niger, A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. carneus, Penicillium citrinum, P. notatum, P. chrysogenum and Fusarium solani. In the rhizoplane which is a more selective substratum for fungi than the rhizosphere, the picture of dominance became different and the most common fungi were Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Drechslera spicifera, Cephalosporium roseo-griseum, Stemphylium botryosum, Acremonium strictum and Rhizoctonia solani.     

秦岭黄耆属植物小志

研究了秦岭黄耆属植物,报道该地区共有黄耆属植物３０种、１亚种和２变种,其中有９种、１变种为该地区新记录。     

Contribution to the fungal flora of cereal grains in Egypt

30 genera and 77 species, in addition to 4 varieties were isolated from 25 samples of each of barley, wheat, maize and sorghum grains collected from different places in Egypt. The broadest spectrum of genera and species was recorded in wheat (25 genera and 59 species + 4 varieties) followed by barley (21 genera and 52 species + 2 varieties), sorghum (14 genera and 33 species + 2 varieties) and maize grains (11 genera and 29 species + 2 varieties). Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Rhizopus were the most common genera in the four grains, except maize where Penicillium emerged in low frequency. Aspergillus was the main component of the fungal flora of the four grains and contributed 79–94.4% of the gross total count of fungi. From the preceding genera A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, F. oxysporum, P. chrysogenum, P. corylophilum, P. notatum and R. stolonifer were the most frequent.     

外来害虫蔗扁蛾的寄主范围

综述了我国近年传入的害虫蔗扁蛾的寄主植物范围 :到目前为止 ,蔗扁蛾Opogonasacchari(Bo jer)的寄主植物已达 2 8科 87种 8变种 ;其中国外已报导的为 2 4科 4 6种 4变种 ,中国已查到 1 4科 5 5种 2变种 ,且不断发现新的寄主植物 ,有蔓延到多种行道绿化树木和园林花卉植物上的趋势 ,须引起充分关注。