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1.
《植物生态学报》2014,38(9):905
为探究典型草原植物长期共存的生理生态机制, 以典型草原的优势物种克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)和冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)为材料, 采用基质培养方法, 通过比较不同供磷浓度对二者生物量、根系形态、质子分泌、酸性磷酸酶和有机酸分泌以及磷吸收利用效率的影响, 探讨克氏针茅和冷蒿对土壤磷缺乏的适应策略。研究结果表明: 冷蒿主要通过根系分泌酸性磷酸酶和酸化根际来适应低磷环境; 而克氏针茅主要是通过根系分泌有机酸(主要是苹果酸)来适应土壤磷缺乏。在低磷条件下, 克氏针茅和冷蒿的磷吸收效率没有显著差异, 但克氏针茅的磷利用效率显著高于冷蒿。随着供磷浓度增加, 二者的磷吸收速率增加, 磷利用效率降低。在生物量、地上部分性状以及根系生长方面, 克氏针茅和冷蒿对磷供给的响应都表现先增长后降低的趋势; 克氏针茅的生物量在外源供0.25 mmol·L-1磷时达到最大, 而冷蒿的生物量在外源供0.50 mmol·L-1磷时达到最大, 表明冷蒿对磷的生理需求高于克氏针茅。因此, 克氏针茅和冷蒿具备各自不同的适应土壤有效磷缺乏的生理策略, 这可能是它们在土壤贫瘠的温带典型草原长期共存的重要机制。  相似文献   

2.
《植物生态学报》2014,38(8):888
选择华南海岸典型沙地, 采用全挖法, 对4种典型沙生植物木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)、厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae)、老鼠艻(Spinifex littoreus)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)的根系构型进行了研究。结果表明: 1)狗牙根和老鼠艻的根系总体分支率显著高于木麻黄, 厚藤最小, 说明大部分草本植物在生长过程中通过增加根系分支率, 提高物质传输效率, 除木麻黄外, 其他3个物种枝系均平卧伸展, 易于受到沙埋生出不定根, 进一步提高其物质传输效率; 2) 4种沙生植物根系平均连接长度最大的为木麻黄, 平均连接长度为19.25 cm, 且相对其他3个物种传导根所占的比例最大, 说明木麻黄通过增加平均连接长度以减少根系内部对土壤资源的竞争, 并提高传导根的比例, 以增加资源传输效率; 3) 4种沙生植物根系构型均倾向于叉状分支, 其中草本植物的根系构型更为接近, 说明草本植物受到的资源胁迫相对较小, 有利于在海岸沙地恢复中快速定居; 与内陆地区沙生植物相比, 海岸沙生植物在土壤资源的获取及空间拓展方面表现出显著的差异, 反映出不同生境条件下物种对生境胁迫的适应策略。因此, 海岸沙地前缘植被恢复应以草本植物为主, 尤其是具有不定根的物种, 乔木则不适合。  相似文献   

3.
印度梨形孢促进蒺藜苜蓿生长及其提高耐盐性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
【目的】研究盐胁迫下印度梨形孢定殖对豆科模式植物蒺藜苜蓿生长发育的影响。【方法】通过分析不同生境下植物的根长、根鲜重和茎鲜重,以及体内抗氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸含量、甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因(BADH)的表达,确定印度梨形孢对蒺藜苜蓿生长的促进作用,并初步阐释印度梨形孢诱导植物耐盐性的机制。【结果】印度梨形孢能在蒺藜苜蓿根部定殖并能促进植物的生长发育,有效缓解盐胁迫造成的生长抑制。印度梨形孢能提高植物体内抗氧化物酶活性,增加游离脯氨酸含量并诱导BADH基因的表达。【结论】印度梨形孢作为植物生长促进因子可以用来提高植物耐盐性,实现盐碱土壤的间接改良。  相似文献   

4.
Aims   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
 利用两种不同土壤研究了水分胁迫和接种AM真菌(摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)和油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)根际土著AM真菌)对毛乌素沙地重要演替物种油蒿生长和抗旱性的影响。结果表明, 两种土壤中水分胁迫没有显著影响油蒿的植株形态和含水量, 但严重抑制了菌根侵染率。水分胁迫促使油蒿提高叶片保水能力, 抑制N、P在地上部的分配。在胁迫前期SOD活性较高, 而POD活性在后期较高。同一水分条件下接种AM真菌显著提高了AM真菌侵染率, 土壤中孢子数显著增多, 提高了植株分枝数并促进侧根发育, 显著提高根冠比和植株保水能力, 加强了根系对全磷、全氮的吸收。接种AM真菌的植株可溶性糖和丙二醛含量较低, 可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化, SOD和POD活性提高, 油蒿抗旱性加强。水分胁迫下在不同土壤中接种不同AM真菌对油蒿的促进效应差异较大, 接种土著AM真菌的效果优于摩西球囊霉单一接种。干旱导致菌根侵染率下降是宿主植物吸水能力下降的原因之一, 在植物生长前期接种AM真菌可以增强植物抵抗生长中后期环境干旱的能力。  相似文献   

5.
《植物生态学报》1958,44(6):677
为研究水通道蛋白PtPIP2;8基因功能, 了解其不同表达水平的转基因84K杨(Populus alba × P. glandulossa)应对干旱胁迫的响应, 该文以转PtPIP2;8 84K杨抑制表达株系(抑制表达)、野生型(WT)和转PtPIP2;8 84K杨超表达株系(超表达)为试验材料, 测定PtPIP2;8表达水平、根系导度、光响应曲线、气体交换参数、生长及根系形态指标。结果显示: (1) WT植株PtPIP2;8仅在根系表达; 超表达植株PtPIP2;8除在根部显著表达外, 在茎和叶片中也显著表达; 抑制表达植株PtPIP2;8仅在根部有微量表达, 表达量分别是WT和超表达植株的1/20和1/80。(2)根系结构分析发现, 超表达植株总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、总根尖数显著低于WT和抑制表达植株, 根系导水率显著高于WT和抑制表达植株, 表明PtPIP2;8参与了植物根系水分运输, 提高了水分运输效率。(3)正常水分条件下, 抑制表达植株苗高、叶面积显著低于WT和超表达植株, 根冠比显著高于WT和超表达植株。干旱胁迫后, 抑制表达植株净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)下降幅度小, 仍能维持较高的Pn。气体交换参数显示抑制表达植株PnGs日变化为“单峰”型, 属气孔因素引起的净光合速率下降;WT和超表达植株PnGs日变化为“双峰”型, 干旱胁迫后, 抑制表达植株Pn略微下降, WT和超表达植株Pn均下降, 尤其是13:00、15:00下降显著, 表明WT和超表达植株对干旱胁迫更加敏感, 干旱对其影响更大。(4)干旱胁迫后, 抑制表达植株相对生长速率、总生物量降低的最少, 根冠比最高; 总根表面积、总根体积、总根尖数显著高于WT植株。表明PtPIP2;8直接参与水分运输并提高水分运输效率, 其转化影响了植株根系发育和生长。超表达植株根系发育的下降和叶面积的增大减弱了它的抗旱性, 而抑制表达植株矮小, 降低的叶面积, 增加的根系生长和根冠比提高了它的抗旱能力。从研究结果来看, 水通道蛋白提高了水分跨膜运输效率, 而非水通道蛋白导水机制对干旱有较强的耐受性。  相似文献   

6.
卫星  王政权  张国珍 《植物生态学报》2010,34(12):1454-1462
根系依赖根细胞内线粒体呼吸代谢产生的能量, 不断从土壤中获取养分。在胁迫条件下, 线粒体的结构和功能会发生一定的变化, 从而影响根系的功能。土壤干旱是最容易引起苗木细根衰老死亡的非生物胁迫因子之一。为了更好地认识干旱胁迫下细根线粒体的结构和功能变化, 对土壤干旱胁迫下水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)不同颜色细根皮层薄壁细胞内线粒体的超微结构(线粒体数量、形态)、线粒体的呼吸功能、线粒体膜脂质氧化(膜透性变化、过氧化氢含量等)情况进行了研究。结果表明: (1)干旱胁迫下, 水曲柳白色及黄色根皮层薄壁细胞内线粒体形状、结构及分布数量与对照相似, 无显著差异。干旱胁迫下产生的褐色根皮层薄壁细胞线粒体数量减少, 分布密度也变小。线粒体内、外膜先后发生不同程度的解体, 最后消失。(2)干旱胁迫显著干扰了线粒体膜的正常呼吸耦联作用, 细根线粒体呼吸控制率(RCR)与磷氧比(无机磷酸/分子氧, P/O)均显著低于对照(p < 0.05)。随着细根颜色加深, 线粒体RCR和P/O值逐渐下降, 白色根﹥黄色根﹥褐色根。褐色根线粒体RCR值最低, 接近极值1。说明褐色根线粒体结构完整性最差, 能量转化效率最低。(3)干旱胁迫下, 不同颜色细根线粒体内的H2O2含量、线粒体膜透性、膜脂氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著高于对照(p < 0.05)。且随着细根颜色加深, 各个值增加明显。分析可能是由于干旱胁迫导致线粒体内H2O2含量升高, 线粒体膜脂质过氧化(MDA含量升高), 膜结构受到破坏(膜透性增加) (电镜下可见部分线粒体内膜电子密度下降及外膜解体)。线粒体膜结构完整性的破坏, 直接影响了线粒体呼吸代谢反应, 使线粒体呼吸功能下降。  相似文献   

7.
Aims          下载免费PDF全文
解析植物木质部导水率对逆境的响应和适应对促进植物抗逆性机理研究和受损植被恢复具有重要意义。该文以荒漠河岸林建群种胡杨(Populus euphratica)为研究对象,系统分析了胡杨幼株根、茎、叶水分传输通道对不同浓度盐胁迫的响应和适应。结果表明:(1)胡杨幼株根系对盐胁迫的敏感性高于茎和叶,盐胁迫下根系生长和根尖数显著受到抑制,根木质部易于发生栓塞,导水率明显降低。(2)胡杨幼株茎木质部导水率对盐胁迫的响应依盐浓度而定,轻度(0.05 mol·L–1 Na Cl)和中度(0.15 mol·L–1 Na Cl)盐胁迫下,胡杨可以通过协调导管输水的有效性和安全性来调节木质部的导水率,维持植物正常生长;重度(0.30 mol·L–1 Na Cl)盐胁迫下,胡杨茎木质部导管输水有效性和安全性均明显降低,木质部导水率显著下降,并伴随叶片气孔导度的显著降低,从而严重抑制了胡杨的光合和生长。  相似文献   

8.
《植物生态学报》2018,42(7):764
丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)能够和大多数陆地植物形成共生体系, 对于植物生长发育和适应各种逆境胁迫具有重要作用。很多研究表明干旱胁迫下AMF能够促进宿主植物对水分的吸收从而增强植物抗旱能力, 但目前针对AMF根外菌丝响应水分胁迫的生理变化以及AMF与宿主植物逆境信号交流的研究并不多。该研究利用AMF Rhizophagus irregularis和胡萝卜(Daucus carota var. sativa)毛状根双重无菌培养体系获得纯净根外菌丝, 向培养基添加聚乙二醇(PEG)模拟干旱胁迫, 运用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM-EDS)观察干旱胁迫对AMF根外菌丝形态的影响, 同时采用非损伤微测技术(NMT)观测根外菌丝跨膜H +和Ca 2+离子流变化。结果发现, PEG处理1 h后菌丝尖端和侧面发生H +外流和强烈的Ca 2+内流, 荧光探针分析也显示菌丝胞内pH值显著上升、Ca 2+浓度增加; PEG处理24 h后菌丝形态发生明显变化, 培养基pH值降低, P、Ca、Fe等元素在菌丝际积累。这些试验结果表明, 干旱胁迫下AMF根外菌丝跨膜H +和Ca 2+流发生变化, 促进了菌丝与环境之间的物质交换。菌丝酸化生长环境有利于养分吸收, 并促进AMF与宿主植物之间的信号交流以增强植物的耐旱性。  相似文献   

9.
《植物生态学报》2021,44(11):1184
水淹和土壤养分是影响三峡库区消落带植物生长的主要环境因子。消落带不同高程的植物长期经历不同的淹水强度和土壤养分条件。该研究假设同一物种来自于消落带不同高程的植株可能产生性状分化, 从而对根部淹水和土壤养分变化具有不同的生长和繁殖响应策略。为了验证以上假设, 选取在三峡库区消落带高低高程均广泛分布的物种水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)为研究对象, 采集自然种群的种子。在温室同质园条件下, 研究了根部水淹和土壤养分提升对高低高程水蓼植株生长和繁殖特性的影响。研究结果表明根部水淹显著或趋于显著降低了水蓼植株功能叶的叶长、叶宽、总分枝数、叶生物量、花生物量和总生物量; 低养分处理显著或趋于显著降低了水蓼植株的总节数、总分枝数、根生物量、花生物量和总生物量, 表明根部水淹和低土壤养分对水蓼的生长和繁殖能力具有抑制作用。同时, 根部水淹和土壤养分的交互作用显著影响植株的根生物量, 表明根部水淹条件下高土壤养分更有利于植株根生物量的积累。高高程植株的根生物量和叶生物量显著或趋于显著高于低高程植株, 而低高程植株的始花时间早于高高程植株, 且繁殖分配也显著高于高高程植株, 表明高低高程水蓼植株对资源的分配策略不同。该研究结果表明水蓼的生长和繁殖特性受根部水淹和土壤养分共同限制, 但对根部水淹条件下高土壤养分生境具有较好的适应性; 同时, 低高程植株可以通过调整其生长和繁殖特性以提高对所处生境胁迫的适应性。  相似文献   

10.
Aims   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
为了研究中国陆地植物细根碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的空间变化模式,揭示细根在"温度-植物生理假说"及"生长速率假说"等方面的规律,该文收集已发表的有关中国陆地植物细根研究的文献,从中提取细根C、N、P元素含量及其相关数据,分析了细根C、N、P含量及其比例与经纬度之间的关系。结果表明:细根N、P元素含量均随纬度增加而增加,P含量随经度增加而降低,N:P随经度增加而增加。细根N、P含量与年平均气温、年降水量均呈负相关关系,与土壤养分呈正相关关系。在土壤养分、温度、降水量3个非生物因素中,土壤养分对细根N、P含量的影响最大。该文中细根和粗根的C:P、N:P差异变化不完全支持"生长速率假说"。根系和叶片一样,N、P含量与纬度呈正相关关系,支持"温度-植物生理假说",反映了植物对自然环境的适应策略。  相似文献   

11.
Aluminum resistance of cowpea as affected by phosphorus-deficiency stress   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Plants growing in acid soils suffer both phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity stresses. Selection of genotypes for adaptation to either P deficiency or Al toxicity has sometimes been unsuccessful because these two soil factors often interact. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate eight cowpea genotypes for Al resistance and to study the combined effect of P deficiency and Al toxicity stress on growth, P uptake, and organic acid anion exudation of two genotypes of contrasting Al resistance selected from the first experiment. Relative root inhibition by 30 μM Al ranged from 14% to 60% and differed significantly among the genotypes. Al significantly induced callose formation, particularly in Al-sensitive genotypes. P accumulation was significantly reduced (28% and 95%) by Al application for both the Al-resistant and the Al-sensitive genotypes. Al supply significantly enhanced malate release of root apices of both genotypes. However, the exudation rate was significantly higher in the Al-resistant genotype. P deprivation induced an enhanced malate exudation in the presence of Al only in the Al-resistant genotype IT89KD-391. Citrate exudation rate of the root apices was lower than malate exudation by a factor of about 10, and was primarily enhanced by P deficiency in both genotypes. Al treatment further enhanced citrate exudation in P-sufficient, but not in P-deficient plants. The level of citrate exudation was consistently higher in the Al-resistant genotype IT89KD-391 particularly in presence of Al.It is concluded that the Al-resistant genotype is better adapted to acid Al-toxic and P-deficient soils than the Al-sensitive genotype since both malate and citrate exudation were more enhanced by combined Al and P-deficiency stresses.  相似文献   

12.
Exudation of organic anions is believed to be a common tolerance mechanism for both aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency. Nevertheless, which of these stresses that actually elicit the exudation of organic anions from rape ( Brassica napus L) remains unknown, and the combined effects of Al toxicity and P deficiency on rape have not been reported before. Therefore, in the current study, Brassica napus var. Natane nourin plants grown with or without 0.25 m M P were exposed to 0 or 50 µ M AlCl3 and several parameters related to the exudation of organic anions from the roots were investigated. Eight days of P deficiency resulted in a significant growth reduction, but P deficiency alone did not induce exudation of organic anions. In contrast, Al strongly induced organic acid exudation, while simultaneously inhibiting root growth. Increased in-vitro activity of citrate synthase (CS, EC 4.1.3.7), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31), together with reduced root respiration, indicated that the Al-induced accumulation and subsequent exudation of citrate and malate were associated with both increased biosynthesis and reduced metabolism of citric and malic acid. Phosphorus-sufficient plants showed more pronounced aluminium-induced accumulation and exudation of organic anions than P-deficient plants. A divided root chamber experiment showed the necessity of direct contact between Al and roots to elicit exudation of organic anions. Prolonged exposure (10 days) to Al resulted in a decrease in the net exudation of citrate and malate, and the rate of decrease was much more rapid in P-deficient plants than in P-sufficient plants. It is concluded that P nutrition affects the level of Al-induced synthesis and exudation of organic anions. However, the mechanism needs further investigation.  相似文献   

13.
The internal concentration of isoflavonoids in white lupin (Lupinus albus) cluster roots and the exudation of isoflavonoids by these roots were investigated with respect to the effects of phosphorus (P) supply, root type and cluster-root developmental stage.To identify and quantify the major isoflavonoids exuded by white lupin roots, we used high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) in mass spectrometry (MS).The major exuded isoflavonoids were identified as genistein and hydroxygenistein and their corresponding mono- and diglucoside conjugates. Exudation of isoflavonoids during the incubation period used was higher in P-deficient than in P-sufficient plants and higher in cluster roots than in noncluster roots. The peak of exudation occurred in juvenile and immature cluster roots, while exudation decreased in mature cluster roots.Cluster-root exudation activity was characterized by a burst of isoflavonoids at the stage preceding the peak of organic acid exudation. The potential involvement of ATP-citrate lyase in controlling citrate and isoflavonoid exudation is discussed, as well as the possible impact of phenolics in repelling rhizosphere microbial citrate consumers.  相似文献   

14.
Plants have developed numerous strategies to cope with phosphorus (P) deficiency resulting from low availability in soils. Evolution of ethylene and up-regulation of root secreted acid phosphatase activity are common for plants in response to P deficiency. To determine the role of ethylene in response of plants to P deficiency, we investigated the effects of ethylene precursor (1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) and ethylene synthesis antagonists (aminoethoxyvinylglycine AVG, cobalt, Co2+) on P concentrations in roots and shoots of Medicago falcata seedlings grown in P-sufficient (500 μM H2PO4) and P-deficient (5 μM H2PO4) solution. After transferring M. falcata seedlings from P-sufficient to P-deficient solution for 2 days, root P concentration was significantly reduced. The reduction in root P concentration was reversed by AVG and Co2+, and a similar reduction in root P concentration of seedlings exposed to P-sufficient solution was observed by ACC. Expression of high-affinity phosphate transporters (MfPT1, MfPT5) was enhanced by P-deficiency and this process was reversed by AVG and Co2+. There was a marked increase in activity of root acid phosphatase (APase) and expression of gene encoding APase (MfPAP1) under P-deficient conditions, and the increase in APAse activity and expression of MfPAP1 was inhibited by AVG and Co2+. APase activity and expression of MfPAP1 expression in seedlings grown in P-sufficient solution were enhanced by ACC. Root and shoot P concentrations were increased when organic phosphorus was added to the P-deficient solution, and the increase in P concentration was significantly inhibited by AVG and Co2+. These results indicate that ethylene plays an important role in modulation of P acquisition by possibly mobilizing organic P via up-regulating root APase activity and high-affinity phosphate transporters.  相似文献   

15.
16.
根分泌的有机酸对土壤磷和微量元素的活化作用   总被引:47,自引:12,他引:35  
在养分胁迫下,尤其是缺磷条件下,许多植物可通过增加有机酸的分泌,作为其适应机制.讨论了营养胁迫条件下不同生态型植物根系分泌有机酸的种类,分析了不同生态型植物分泌的有机酸种类和数量之间的差异.结果表明,在缺磷条件下植物根系所分泌有机酸的种类和数量与它们所处的土壤环境关系密切.在营养胁迫条件下植物根系分泌的有机酸具有活化土壤磷、微量元素和缓解Al毒的功能;对有机酸活化土壤养分,解Al毒可能的作用机制进行了论述  相似文献   

17.
Plants grown in phosphorus-deficient solutions often exhibit disruption of water transport due to reduction in root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and enhanced ethylene production. To uncover the relationship between the reduction in Lpr and increase in ethylene production, we investigated effect of phosphorus (P) deficiency on ethylene production and Lpr in legume plants of Medicago falcata L. There was an increase in ethylene production and a reduction of Lpr of M. falcata roots when M. falcata seedlings grown in P sufficient solutions (0.5 mM H2PO42?) were transferred to P-deficient solutions (5 μM H2PO42?). Antagonists of ethylene biosynthesis, CoCl2 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), abolished the P deficiency-induced ethylene production. Root hydraulic conductivity of M. falcata seedlings grown in P-sufficient solutions was insensitive to CoCl2 and AVG, while the two chemicals enhanced Lpr for those grown in P-deficient solutions, suggesting that P deficiency-induced decrease in Lpr can be reversed by inhibiting ethylene production. Ethylene precursor 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene donor ethephon had greater inhibitory effect on Lpr of P-sufficient seedlings than that of P-deficient seedlings. Root hydraulic conductivity of P-sufficient seedlings was more sensitive to HgCl2 than that of P-deficient seedlings. Taken together, these findings suggest that ethylene induced by P deficiency may play an important role in modulation of root hydraulic conductivity by affecting aquaporins in plants.  相似文献   

18.
de Bakker  N.V.J.  Hemminga  M. A.  Van Soelen  J. 《Plant and Soil》1999,215(1):19-27
Incorporation of cover crops into cropping systems may contribute to a more efficient utilization of soil and fertilizer P by less P-efficient crops through exudation of P-mobilizing compounds by the roots of P-efficient plant species. The main objective of the present work was to test this hypothesis. First a method has been developed which allows the quantification of organic anion exudation from individual cluster roots formed by P-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). Lupin plants were grown in nutrient solution at 1 μM P and in a low P loess in small rhizotrons. Organic anions exuded from intact plants grown in nutrient solution were collected from individual cluster roots and root tips sealed in small compartments by an anion-exchange resin placed in nylon bags (resin-bags). Succinate was the dominant organic anion exuded followed by citrate and malate. The mean of citrate exudation-rate was 0.06 pmol mm−1 s−1 with exudation highly dependent on the citrate concentration and on the age of the cluster roots. Exudates from cluster roots and root tips grown at the soil surface (rhizotron-grown plants) were collected using overlayered resin–agar (resin mixed with agar). Citrate exudation from cluster roots was 10 times higher than that from root tips. Fractionation of P in the cluster root rhizosphere-soil indicates that white lupin can mobilize P not only from the available and acid-soluble P, but also from the stable residual soil P fractions. In pot experiments with an acid luvisol derived from loess low in available P, growth of wheat was significantly improved when mixed-cropped with white lupin due to improved P uptake. Both in mixed culture and in rotation wheat could benefit from the P mobilization capacity of white lupin, supporting the hypothesis above. Nine tropical leguminous cover crops and maize were grown in a pot experiment using a luvisol from Northern Nigeria low in available P. All plant species derived most of their P from the resin and bicarbonate-extractable inorganic P. Organic P (Po) accumulated particularly in the rhizosphere of all plant species. There was a significant negative correlation between the species-specific rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity and Po accumulation. Growth and P uptake of maize grown in rotation after legumes were enhanced indicating that improved P nutrition was a contributing factor. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Gaume  Alain  Mächler  Felix  De León  Carlos  Narro  Luis  Frossard  Emmanuel 《Plant and Soil》2001,228(2):253-264
We investigated some mechanisms, which allow maize genotypes to adapt to soils which are low in available P. Dry matter production, root/shoot-ratio, root length and root exudation of organic acids and acid phosphatase were investigated in four maize genotypes grown under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions in sterile hydroponic culture. A low-P tolerant, an acid-tolerant and a low-P susceptible genotype of maize were compared with a Swiss commercial cultivar. The study found increased root development and increased exudation of acid phosphatase under P-deficient conditions in all maize genotypes, except for the Swiss cultivar. Effects on root formation and acid phosphatase were greater for the low-P tolerant than for the low-P susceptible, and the acid soil tolerant genotypes. Organic acid contents in root tissues were increased under P deficiency and related to increased PEPC activity. However, the increase in contents was associated with an increase in exudation for the low-P tolerant genotype only. The low-P susceptible genotype was characterized by high organic acid content in roots and low organic acid exudation. The organic acids content in the phloem exudates of shoots was related to root exudation under different P supply, to the difference between lines in organic acids root content, but not to the low-P tolerance or susceptibility of maize genotypes.  相似文献   

20.
不同磷效率小麦品种对缺磷胁迫反应的比较   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
在营养液培养条件下,以根据相对产量为指标筛选出的6个不同磷效率的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种为材料,对其苗期在缺磷条件下生长、根冠磷含量及其分配,以及叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度等进行了比较研究。结果表明,缺磷抑制植株地上部生长,但刺激根系生长,导致植株根/冠比增加。无论在供磷或缺磷条件下,磷高效品种的根冠生长速率都低于磷低效品种。缺磷导致植株体内的磷含量下降与根系相比,地上部磷含量的下降速率更快。但在缺磷条件下,不同磷效率的小麦品种根冠间的磷分配变化没有差异。研究发现,在正常供磷条件下,磷高效小麦品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度较低,而磷低效品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度较高。但开始缺磷后,磷高效品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度下降较慢,使其相对磷浓度较高。缺磷后10天,磷低效品种叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度为供磷对照的35.9%,而磷高效品种叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度为供磷对照的59%。  相似文献   

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