固定化青霉素G酰化酶水解头孢菌素G制备7—ADCA的研究

用聚丙烯腈纤维固定化青霉素酰化酶水解头孢菌素G制备7-ADCA,固定化酶对头孢菌素G的最适pH为9.0,最适温度50℃。在37℃、pH8.0固定化酶对头孢菌素G的表观米氏常数为1.67×10~(-2)mol/L。最大反应速度为3.01mmol·g~(-1)·min~(-1)。头孢菌素G溶液浓度在2％以上时,对固定化酶有明显的抑制作用。固定化酶水解头孢菌素G的最佳投料浓度为5％～6％,水解时用酶量以每克头孢菌素G投300U以上为好。按上述条件水解头孢菌素G,操作25批后固定化酶保留活力77.8％,7-ADCA平均收率92.68％。     

颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌 (Bacillusmegaterium)胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键结合到聚合物载体EupergitC颗粒环氧基团上 ,制成的颗粒状固定化青霉素酰化酶表现活力达 1 40 0 μ/g左右。固定化酶水解青霉素的最适 pH8 0 ,最适温度为 55℃。在pH6 0～ 8 5、温度低于 40℃时固定化酶活力稳定。在 pH8 0、温度 37℃时 ,固定化酶对青霉素的表现米氏常数Ka为 2×1 0 - 2 mol/L ;苯乙酸为竞争性抑制剂 ,抑制常数Kip为 2 8× 1 0 - 2 mol/L ;6 APA为非竞争性抑制剂 ,抑制常数Kia为 0 1 2 5mol/L。固定化酶水解青霉素 ,投料浓度为 8% ,在使用 2 0 0批后 ,保留活力 80 %左右 ,6 APA收率平均达 89 48%。     

固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌胞外青霉素酰化酶通过共价键连接到醋酸纤维素载体上,制成的固定化青霉素酰化酶的表观活力达2000 u／g左右(PDAB法)。水解lO％(w／v)的青霉素G钾盐落液,使用30批,保留活力70％以上。6-氨基青毒烷酸(6-APA)总收率平均达88．37％。固定化青霉素酰化酶水解青霉素G的最适pH为9．95,最适温度为55℃,表观米氏常数为1.093×10-2mol／L,在pH 5．8-10．7,温度45℃以下酶的活力稳定。     

聚丙烯腈纤维固定化青霉素酰化酶性质的研究

将巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillusmegaterium）青霉素酞化酶连接到聚丙烯腈纤维载体上,制成固定化青霉素酰化酶。其表现活力约为2000u／g。水解青霉素G的最适温度为50℃;最适PH为9．0;在PHS．5～10．3、温度50℃以下酶的活力稳定;表观米氏常数Ka为1．33×10-8mol／L;最大反应速度Vm为2．564mmol·min-1;苯乙酸为竞争性抑制剂,抑制常数为0．16mol／L。水解10％的青霉素G钾盐溶液,使用20批,保留酶活力80％。     

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶在新型环氧载体ZH-HA上的固定化

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶共价结合在新型环氧-氨基型载体ZH-HA 上,通过对酶浓度、固定化时间、pH以及缓冲液浓度等条件的考察,确定了最优固定化条件:50 mg比活力6000 U/g的巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶蛋白和1g ZH-HA悬浮于pH 9.01 mol/L磷酸缓冲液,室温搅拌6 h,制得固定化巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶,活力2126 U/g湿载体,活力回收率7.67%.比较研究了固定化酶与原酶性质,原酶最适温度45℃,最适pH为8.0.固定化酶则分别是50℃和9.0,分别比溶液酶偏移5℃、1.0个pH单位.经过40批连续水解青霉素G钾盐,固定化巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素酰化酶仍保持80%的活力,显示出良好的工作稳定性.     

活性炭吸附固定化粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶

目的：以活性炭为载体固定化粪产碱杆菌来源的青霉素G酰化酶,考察固定化酶的性质。方法：对影响酶固定化的因素优化筛选,确定有显著影响的因素：pH、离子强度、酶量、固定化时间进行L934的正交实验,获得最佳固定化条件,并对固定化酶的最适反应温度、pH及批次稳定性进行研究。结果：最佳固定化条件为：载体0.3g,酶量5mL,总反应体系为12mL,离子强度1mol/L,温度4℃,pH 7.0,固定化40h;最高固定化酶活性为135.9U/g湿载体。固定化酶性最适反应温度为55℃,最适pH为10,重复使用12次后没有活性损失。结论：活性炭吸附固定化青霉素G酰化酶的活性高,批次反应稳定,具有工业应用潜力。     

固定化诺卡氏菌细胞生产L(+)酒石酸的研究

用明胶包埋酒石酸诺卡氏菌(Nocardia tartaricans SWl3—57)得到顺式环氧琥珀酸开环水解酶活力较高的固定化细胞。固定化细胞的最适温度为30～45℃,而游离细胞的最适温度为35～45℃。两者的最适pH均为8．0～9．0,固定化细胞的表观米氏常数Km为0．256mol／L,而游离细胞有底物抑制作用,在底物浓度小于0．45mol／L时Km为0．246mol／L。用固定化细胞装柱(y=100ml),pH8．S,温度37℃,稀释速率D=0．25h^-1,以0．5mol／L浓度顺式环氧琥珀酸钠溶液为底物,连续运转53d,平均产L(+)酒石酸66．95g／L,克分子转化率为92．09％,反应器生产能力达到16．58g／L·h。     

链霉菌Strz-2胞外木聚糖酶的纯化和固定化研究

为探讨木聚糖酶被固定化后的酶活力变化 ,采用盐析、离子交换和分子筛层析方法对链霉菌胞外木聚糖酶进行了纯化 ,并采用DNS方法对固定化酶的性质进行了研究。结果如下 :粗酶液被纯化了 30 .5倍 ,比活力达 4 5 7.5 ,活力回收 4 2 .6 %。纯化后的酶固定在戊二醛交联的壳聚糖上 ,残活力为 4 1.8%。固定化酶的最适pH为 6 .0 ,最适温度为 5 5℃ ,且固定化酶在 6 5 -75℃活力都较高。该酶的耐热性比较强 ,固定化酶热稳定性优于原酶 ;以木聚糖为底物 ,固定化酶的表观米氏常数为 0 .83× 10 -2g/L。因此 ,固定化的木聚糖酶优于原酶     

固定化青霉素V酰化酶的制备及性质

尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)FP941青霉素V酰化酶经γ氧化铝吸附洗脱、硫酸铵沉淀和脱盐处理后,固定在环氧丙烯聚合物载体上,湿固定化酶表现活力为217 IU/g,固定化产率为53%。固定化酶作用最适温度为55℃,最适pH为80;在pH50～110及50℃以下稳定;37℃使用25次后,酶活力保留90%。     

固定化多核苷酸磷酸化酶的研究——Ⅰ.固定化多核苷酸磷酸化酶的制备及其基本性质

对-重氮基苯磺酰乙基琼脂糖是制备固定化多核苷酸磷酸化酶的较好材料,与具有同样活性基团的纤维素和葡聚糖凝胶G200相比,活力回收高、稳定性好。固定化酶的最适pH 向偏碱的方向转移,最适温度较自然酶为宽,表观米氏常数与自然酶基本一致。57℃保温30分钟尚保留70%以上的活力,而自然酶仅剩余22%的活力,说明稳定性有所提高。     

酶法合成头孢环己二烯

以环己二烯甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐为酰基供体,7-氨基脱乙酰氧基头孢烷酸为酰基受体,γ－氧化铝为载体的固定化巨大芽孢杆菌胞外青霉素G酰化酶为酰化剂,合成了头孢环己二烯。5％酰基供体,2％酰基受体,每毫升反应物加44IU固定化酶,pH7．5,25℃振荡反应5h,头孢环己二烯产率为81％。苯乙酸、苯氧乙酸和头孢霉素G对酶法合成有不同程度的抑制作用。     

氨基酸酯水解酶产生菌的筛选及其合成头孢立新的研究

From ten genera and 146 bacterial strains, 22 strains producing alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase were selected. Among them, AS 1.586 and 41-2 were the best. The optimal conditions for synthesis of cephalexin by pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.204 were investigated. The optimal pH and temperature for enzymatic synthesis reaction was pH 6.8 and 25 degrees C, respectively. By using 1% 7-ADCA, 3% PGME and 4% biomass, about 70% of 7-ADCA was converted to cephalexin under the mentioned conditions.     

Advantages of using non-isothermal bioreactors for the enzymatic synthesis of antibiotics: the penicillin G acylase as enzyme model

A new hydrophobic and catalytic membrane was prepared by immobilizing Penicillin G acylase (PGA, EC.3.5.1.11) from E. coli on a nylon membrane, chemically grafted with butylmethacrylate (BMA). Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and glutaraldehyde (Glu) were used as a spacer and coupling agent, respectively. PGA was used for the enzymatic synthesis of cephalexin, using D(-)-phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) and 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) as substrates. Several factors affecting this reaction, such as pH, temperature, and concentrations of substrates were investigated. The results indicated good enzyme-binding efficiency of the pre-treated membrane, and an increased stability of the immobilized PGA towards pH and temperature. Calculation of the activation energies showed that cephalexin production by the immobilized biocatalyst was limited by diffusion, resulting in a decrease of enzyme activity and substrate affinity. Temperature gradients were employed as a way to reduce the effects of diffusion limitation. Cephalexin was found to linearly increase with the applied temperature gradient. A temperature difference of about 3 degrees C across the catalytic membrane resulted into a cephalexin synthesis increase of 100% with a 50% reduction of the production times. The advantage of using non-isothermal bioreactors in biotechnological processes, including pharmaceutical applications, is also discussed.     

Improved specific productivity in cephalexin synthesis by immobilized PGA in silica magnetic micro‐particles

There is a marked trend in pharmaceutical industry towards the replacement of classical organic methods by “green” alternatives that minimize or eliminate the generation of waste and avoid, where possible, the use of toxic and/or hazardous reagents and solvents. In this work the kinetically controlled synthesis of cephalexin by soluble and penicillin G acylase immobilized in sol–gel micro‐particles with magnetic properties was performed in aqueous media with PGME and 7‐ADCA as substrates, at different concentrations of substrate, temperature, pH, enzyme to substrate ratio and acyl donor to nucleophile ratio. Excess acyl donor had a strong effect on cephalexin productivity. A PGME/7‐ADCA ratio of 3 was considered optimum. A maximum specific productivity of at 160 mM 7‐ADCA, 480 mM PGME and low enzyme to substrate ratio at 32.5 U mmol^?1 7‐ADCA was obtained with immobilized PGA in full aqueous medium, suggesting that diffusional limitations were minimized when compared with other commercial biocatalysts. A half‐life of 133 h for the immobilized biocatalyst was estimated during cephalexin synthesis in the presence of 100 mM 7‐ADCA and 300 mM PGME, in 50 mM Tris/HCl at pH 7.2 and 14°C. These results compare quite favorably with those previously reported for the kinetically controlled synthesis of cephalexin. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 753–762. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Enzymatic splitting of penicillin V for the production of 6-APA using immobilized penicillin V acylase

Penicillin V acylase from Fusarium sp. SKF 235 was immobilized on several cation-exchange resins, of which Amberlite CG-50 was preferred. Maximum activity of the immobilized penicillin V acylase was 250 to 280 IU/g dry beads. The pH and temperature optima of the enzyme shifted from 6.5 to 6.8 and 55°C to 60°C, respectively, as a result of immobilization. However, the K _m for penicillin V remained at 10mm. Parameters for producing 6-aminopenicillanic acid were investigated and the immobilized penicillin V acylase was used for 68 cycles in a stirred tank reactor.     

Evaluation of the performance of immobilized penicillin G acylase using active-site titration

Penicillin G acylase from Escherichia coli was immobilized on Eupergit C with different enzyme loading. The activity of the immobilized preparations was assayed in the hydrolysis of penicillin G and was found to be much lower than would be expected on the basis of the residual enzyme activity in the immobilization supernatant. Active-site titration demonstrated that the immobilized enzyme molecules on average had turnover rates much lower than that of the dissolved enzyme. This was attributed to diffusion limitations of substrate and product inhibition. Indeed, when the immobilized preparations were crushed, the activity increased from 587 U g-1 to up to 974 U g-1. The immobilized preparations exhibited up to 15% lower turnover rates than the dissolved enzyme in cephalexin synthesis from 7-ADCA and D-(-)-phenylglycine amide. The synthesis over hydrolysis ratios of the immobilized preparations were also much lower than that of the dissolved enzyme. This was partly due to diffusion limitations but also to an intrinsic property of the immobilized enzyme because the synthesis over hydrolysis ratio of the crushed preparations was much lower than that of the dissolved enzyme.     

Biosynthesis of penicillin V acylase by Fusarium sp.: effect of culture conditions

Penicillin V acylase was produced, both intracellularly and extracellularly, by Fusarium sp. SKF 235 grown in submerged fermentation. When neopeptone was added to the medium, >95% of the penicillin V acylase was extracellular. In the absence of a complex organic nitrogen source, the fungus produced low levels of totally intracellular penicillin V acylase. MgSO₄ was essential for synthesis of the enzyme, which was induced by phenoxyacetic acid and penicillin V. The maximum yield of penicillin V acylase was 430 IU/g dry cell wt. The optimum pH value and temperature for the penicillin V acylase were 6.5 and 55°C, respectively.