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1.
板栗扦插生根过程的解剖结构和生理变化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以5年生和30年生板栗插穗以及30年生板栗母树不同月份(5、6、7月)插穗为材料,进行不同浓度(0、200和500mg/L)吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理,观测各类处理材料的生根情况,并对扦插前插穗(初始茎)和扦插后插穗愈伤组织的碳氮代谢物质、褐化相关物质和解剖学结构进行分析观察,探讨不同年龄母树及不同月份插穗扦插生根能力,为板栗扦插生根技术体系奠定理论基础。结果表明:(1)5年生板栗的初始茎和愈伤组织中碳氮代谢相关物质淀粉和可溶性糖含量明显高于30年生板栗,而其可溶性蛋白含量30年生高于5年生板栗,但其γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量在不同年龄母树间无明显变化;30年生板栗插穗初始茎中可溶性蛋白、GABA和可溶性糖含量均随着月份的增加而逐渐降低,但是在愈伤组织中GABA、可溶性糖和淀粉含量随着月份增加而逐渐升高。(2)板栗插穗初始茎和愈伤组织的褐化相关物质单宁、酚类和类黄酮含量均表现为30年生不同程度低于5年生;除类黄酮含量在7月份的愈伤组织中有显著升高外,不同月份板栗的单宁、酚类、类黄酮含量均没有明显变化。(3)生根状况及解剖学观察结果显示,5年生板栗插穗的愈伤率和生根率高于30年生的插穗,且30年生插穗6月份扦插的愈伤率最高;板栗插穗属于诱导生根类型,皮层中存在环状厚壁组织;5年生板栗插穗的木质素含量低于30年生板栗,但形成层细胞层数高于30年生。研究认为,板栗扦插生根过程中插穗褐化现象严重,生根率较低;不同年龄母树和不同月份的板栗插穗在扦插过程中的碳氮代谢相关化合物含量都有明显的差异,而褐化相关物质含量仅在不同年龄母树间有较大的差异,不同月份间大部分无明显差异。  相似文献   

2.
长白落叶松插穗的内源激素水平及其与扦插生根的关系   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
敖红  王崑  冯玉龙 《植物研究》2002,22(2):190-195
长白落叶松 (Larixolgensis)扦插繁殖的试验结果表明 ,嫩枝扦插效果好于硬枝扦插 ,并且母树年龄是影响其扦插生根的重要因子。母树年龄为 2年生时 ,生根率达 95 %以上。本文在此试验的基础上 ,对嫩枝和硬枝插穗中内源植物激素水平进行了测定。结果发现嫩枝插穗中IAA、CTKs的含量要高于硬枝插穗中IAA、CTKs的含量 ,并且随母树年龄的增加而降低 ;相反 ,嫩枝插穗中ABA含量要低于硬枝插穗中ABA的含量 ,并且随着母树年龄的增加而增加。实验结果表明 :IAA、ABA的含量和扦插生根有密切关系。IAA促进生根 ,ABA抑制生根。IAA/ABA比值可以用来衡量长白落叶松的生根能力  相似文献   

3.
沙生柽柳扦插生根过程插穗相关理化特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
选取沙生柽柳半木质化枝条进行苗床扦插,通过实验测定插穗生根过程中内源激素(IAA、GA3、ZR、ABA)含量、可溶性营养物质(糖、蛋白质)含量及相关氧化酶(PPO、POD、SOD、IAAO)活性的动态变化特征,探讨沙生柽柳插穗扦插生根机理。结果表明:(1)沙生柽柳插穗内源激素含量随生根进程而发生变化,其中,IAA含量在扦插35d最大,并出现较大的波动变化;ZR含量在扦插55d前后变化明显,呈现低水平向高水平转化趋势;ABA、GA3含量依次呈先升高后降低再升高的变化过程,并在扦插15d和55d(80d)呈现变化的峰值和谷值。(2)沙生柽柳扦插生根与相关氧化酶活性密切相关,其中,POD、IAAO活性在插穗扦插35d后长时间保持较高水平,直至插穗生根后POD活性明显降低,IAAO活性有所增加;PPO、SOD活性则在插穗扦插15d保持较高活性,且PPO活性的变化均匀,SOD活性的高低交替变化明显。(3)在沙生柽柳扦插生根期间,插穗可溶性糖含量呈现生根前消耗减少与生根后积累增加两大变化过程,可溶性蛋白质含量表现为扦插后逐步积累增加的变化趋势。研究表明,高水平的IAA、ZR和低水平的GA3、ABA共同调控着沙生柽柳插穗生根;IAA能够通过促进插穗POD、PPO、IAAO活性变化来影响生根,较高的POD、IAAO活性可调节插穗IAA水平,高水平的PPO活性则催化插穗IAA-酚酸复合物的形成,进而诱导插穗生根。  相似文献   

4.
为探讨NAA对艾纳香(Blumea balsamifera)扦插生根的影响,4 a生艾纳香健康枝条用500 mg/L NAA处理,对生根过程中的生理生化特征进行了研究。结果表明,艾纳香扦插生根率与内源IAA、GA含量和IAA/ABA呈正相关,而与ABA含量呈负相关。NAA处理能提高插穗的IAA含量,降低ABA含量,有助于不定根的产生。插穗生根率与多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性正相关,与吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAAO)活性负相关。NAA处理能够提高插穗PPO活性,降低IAAO活性,对插穗生根有利。可溶性蛋白、可溶性总糖含量与生根率均呈正相关关系。NAA处理可促进插穗的可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白的积累,提高插穗的细胞分化和代谢能力。因此,500 mg/L NAA处理插穗可促进不定根的生长发育。  相似文献   

5.
取四倍体刺槐3年生采穗圃中1年生硬枝插条为材料,研究扦插过程中插壤温度对插穗内源激素含量、酶活性和营养物质含量的影响,揭示四倍体刺槐扦插生根机制。结果表明:四倍体刺槐硬枝扦插过程中,插壤经加热处理,插穗内源IAA含量降低,ABA和ZR含量升高;根原基诱导期插穗内源IAA含量的变化趋势与未加热插穗相反,ABA和ZR含量的变化趋势与未加热插穗相同。插壤经加热处理,插穗IAAO、PPO和POD活性的变化趋势与未加热插穗相同,两处理间插穗IAAO、PPO和POD活性差异不显著。插壤经加热处理,可显著提高插穗可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,而对淀粉和植物总氮含量的影响差异不显著。因此,插壤加热处理,主要是通过降低四倍体刺槐硬枝插穗内源IAA含量,提高插穗可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量来促进插条不定根发生。  相似文献   

6.
在3月5日至9月5日期间,以蝟实( Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn.)顶端枝条作为插穗,每隔10 d扦插1次,对扦插10 d后插穗的生根率,内源吲哚乙酸( IAA)、脱落酸( ABA)和赤霉素( GA3)含量,超氧化物歧化酶( SOD)、过氧化物酶( POD)和过氧化氢酶( CAT)活性以及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量进行比较,对生根率与上述8项指标进行相关性分析和回归分析,并对这8项指标进行主成分分析;在此基础上,对不同扦插时间插穗的生根效应进行隶属函数值分析和综合评价。结果显示:随扦插时间推移,蝟实插穗的生根率总体上呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,5月下旬至7月中旬期间扦插的插穗生根率相对较高,并以6月中旬至7月中旬期间扦插的插穗为最高,总体在70%以上。随扦插时间推移,插穗中IAA和可溶性糖含量均呈波动变化趋势;而插穗中的ABA含量、POD活性和可溶性蛋白质含量总体呈先逐渐升高后逐渐降低的趋势,GA3含量和CAT活性变化不明显,SOD活性总体上呈缓慢升高的趋势。相关性分析结果表明:蝟实插穗的生根率与IAA含量、POD活性和可溶性蛋白质含量呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与CAT活性呈极显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示:前2个主成分的累计贡献率为84.383%,说明前2个主成分能够基本反映蝟实扦插生根的主要影响因子,其中第1主成分中可溶性蛋白质和IAA含量为主要因子,第2主成分中CAT活性为主要因子。综合评价结果显示:5月下旬至7月中旬期间扦插的蝟实插穗的综合评价指数(D)较高,为0.747~0.983,与插穗生根率的实测值基本吻合。研究结果表明:在中国西北地区,蝟实插穗的适宜扦插时间为5月下旬至7月中旬,并以6月中旬至7月中旬为最佳;扦插过程中喷施适当浓度IAA溶液可以提高插穗的生根率。  相似文献   

7.
红皮云杉扦插繁殖中的年龄效应及其生理机制   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
王秋玉  王福来 《植物研究》1997,17(3):338-343
通过对不同年龄红皮云杉进行扦插繁殖,插穗中内源植物激素及营养元素测定结果表明:①红皮云杉插穗在生根能力上存在着明显的年龄效应,即随着采穗母株年龄的增加,扦插生根率下降。②不同年龄插穗中内源植物激素含量与其生根率之间有显著的相关关系,其中IAA、GA4含量随着母株年龄增加而降低,ABA含量相反。③红皮云杉插穗的生根率受其穗条内营养水平的影响,特别是N、K的含量,随着母株年龄的增加,其插穗中N、K含量有降低的趋势,从而导致插穗生根率下降。  相似文献   

8.
以自毒性较强的菊花品种 '高压太子' 插穗为材料,调查了菊花枯落物、叶、茎、根系和根际土壤水浸液处理对其扦插苗生长和生理指标的影响,以探讨菊花自毒作用机制.结果表明,菊花不同部位水浸液处理对其扦插生根的根长、鲜重及根数均有抑制作用,并以叶和枯落物水浸液对根长的抑制作用最强,且均达到极显著水平;随水浸液浓度的升高,其对扦插苗根长、鲜重及根数的抑制作用越明显.水浸液处理导致扦插苗叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量显著下降,显著抑制根系脱氢酶与叶片硝酸还原酶活性.可见,菊花地上部和根际土水浸液可能通过抑制其扦插苗根系脱氢酶与叶片硝酸还原酶活性,降低叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量,在营养水平上抑制不定根的形成而产生明显的自毒效应,且该自毒作用表现出明显的浓度梯度效应和部位差异.  相似文献   

9.
以生根能力差异较大的4个日本落叶松无性系为材料,对插穗生根过程中插穗内源激素含量和比值,以及总酚酸和营养物质含量的变化进行分析,以明确插穗不定根形成的主要内源性影响因素,为日本落叶松扦插繁殖技术提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)4个日本落叶松无性系扦插生根能力存在显著差异,‘日宽17-3-1'和‘日抚273 1,较易生根,其生根率达90%,而‘日草103-3-1’和‘日草82 4-3’难生根,其生根率低于20%.(2)在扦插生根过程中,插穗内源脱落酸(ABA)含量随扦插时间的延长而不断升高,并且较易生根和难生根无性系差异明显,与插穗的生根能力有较强的相关性;玉米素(Z)和总酚酸含量随扦插时间的延长而不断降低,并且对插穗生根具有明显的抑制作用;总氮含量表现出不断降低至逐渐稳定的趋势,但与插穗生根能力大小并无较强的相关性.(3)(IAA+Z)/ABA随扦插时间的延长而不断降低,且较易生根型小于难生根型.因此,在生产中以(IAA+ Z)/ABA的比值和总酚酸含量大小可判断日本落叶松插穗的生根能力.  相似文献   

10.
福建柏扦插繁育技术研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对福建柏扦插穗条培育技术(插条选择、扦插基质、生根剂处理、环境调控)进行试验,结果表明,母树修剪促萌应在2月底至3月初进行,以6月萌芽枝扦插最为适宜;福建柏插穗质量与母树株龄有关,株龄小于5年较佳;树冠不同部位的穗条对扦插生根影响不明显,但树冠中上部适宜扦插的穗条较多;生根促进剂能加快穗条伤口愈合并促进生根和增加根的数量,生根粉(ABT 1号)和吲哚丁酸的生根效果较理想,其中100mg/L吲哚丁酸浸泡0.5h生根效果尤佳;混有砂质的黄心土作为扦插基质较为适宜;扦插季节应依当地气候条件适时调整,福建地区以6月和10月左右较适宜。  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the role of nitrogen- and storage-affected carbohydrate availability in rooting of pelargonium cuttings, focusing on the environmental conditions of stock plant cultivation at low latitudes, transport of cuttings, and rooting under the low light that prevails during the winter rooting period in Central European greenhouses. METHODS: Carbohydrate partitioning in high-light-adapted cuttings of the cultivar 'Isabell' was studied in relation to survival and adventitious root formation under low light. Effects of a graduated supply of mineral nitrogen to stock plants and of cutting storage were examined. KEY RESULTS: Nitrogen deficiency raised starch levels in excised cuttings, whereas the concentrations of glucose and total sugars in leaves and the basal stem were positively correlated with internal total nitrogen (Nt). Storage reduced starch to trace levels in all leaves, but sugar levels were only reduced in tissues of non-nitrogen deficient cuttings. Sugars accumulated in the leaf lamina of stored cuttings during the rooting period, whereas carbohydrates were simultaneously exhausted in all other cutting parts including the petioles, thereby promoting leaf senescence. The positive correlation between initial Nt and root number disappeared after storage. Irrespectively of storage, higher pre-rooting leaf glucose promoted subsequent sugar accumulation in the basal stem and final root number. The positive relationships between initial sugar levels in the stems with cutting survival and in leaves with root formation under low light were confirmed in a sample survey with 21 cultivars provided from different sources at low latitudes. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that adventitious rooting of pelargonium cuttings can be limited by the initial amount of nitrogen reserves. However, this relationship reveals only small plasticity and is superimposed by a predominant effect of carbohydrate availability that depends on the initial leaf sugar levels, when high-light adaptation and low current light conditions impair net carbon assimilation.  相似文献   

12.
This study investigated the relationship between internal nitrogenand carbohydrate distribution in chrysanthemum cuttings of twocultivars (‘Puma’, ‘Cassa’) when affectedby nitrogen supply to stock plants (0.6, 1.5, or 4.0 g N m-2week-1)and different periods (2, 3, or 4 weeks) of dark cold-storage(0.5 or 5°C), and adventitious rooting. Concentrations oftotal nitrogen (Nt) and nitrate in cuttings and the levels ofsugars, starch and fructan in different cutting parts (leaves,upper stem, and basal stem) were studied in relation to subsequentadventitious rooting at natural radiation in a greenhouse. Increasingnitrogen supply resulted in substantially lower starch levelsand higher sucrose concentrations in leaves when cuttings wereexcised. Fructan concentrations were low and decreased withincreasing nitrogen levels. Starch completely disappeared fromleaves and to a large extent from stems within the shorteststorage period. A less pronounced decrease in sugar concentrationwas observed, particularly in low-nitrogen cuttings and thecuttings of ‘Puma’. The number and length of adventitiousroots subsequently formed by unstored and stored cuttings waspositively correlated with initial Nt, and to a lesser extentwith initial nitrate concentrations in cuttings. Whereas rootingwas not limited by pre-rooting concentrations of carbohydratesin the different cutting parts, the generally higher rootingcapability of nitrogen-rich cuttings, a stronger nitrogen responseof ‘Cassa’, and increased rooting at a particularharvest date, were associated with higher sucrose:starch ratiosin leaves at harvest. This reflected an increased assimilateexport. By using this characteristic in a linear regressionmodel, total variability of root numbers, ranging from three–35per cutting, could be predicted to 57% for the unstored andto 40% for all cuttings. Increased basipetal transport of carbohydrates,of nitrogen compounds, and of auxins may be causally involvedin these associations. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company Adventitious rooting, nitrogen, sugars, carbohydrates, source-sink, partitioning, quality, storage, cuttings, stock plants, chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflorum  相似文献   

13.
中国东北落叶松属植物rbcL基因的序列分析及系统演化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
长白落叶松的分类位置及与兴安落叶松的种间关系,长期以来未有定论。本研究从大兴安岭、小兴安岭及张广才岭等6个地点采集实验材料,对其叶绿体DNA的rbcL基因进行PCR-RFLP分析并测序。结果显示它们的rbcL基因序列均没有差异,表明东北地区落叶松属植物有共同起源。在系统演化上,长白落叶松来自兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr.),应作为兴安落叶松的变种即L.gmelinii Rupr.var.olgensis Ostenfeld etS.Larsen。  相似文献   

14.
Untreated and indole-3-butyrie acid-treated (IBA) cuttings from 90-day-old Pinus banksiana Lamb, stock plants were propagated under normal greenhouse irradiance (max. 900 $$mol m-2 s-1) and shade (max. 120 $$mol m-2 s-1) to determine effects on adventitious rooting and on reducing sugar and starch concentrations in needles and basal stems. In one experiment, cuttings were assessed at days 15 and 25 of propagation for basal 1-cm stem fresh weight, proportion rooted, number of roots and longest root length. In a second experiment with cuttings, basal 1-cm stem fresh weight and concentrations of reducing sugar and starch in needles and basal stems were measured each day for the first 10 days of propagation. Carbohydrate measurements were also made for seedling stock plants as controls for the second experiment. Carbohydrate data for cuttings were primarily evaluated based on net (cutting minus seedling) concentrations, to correct for changes in cuttings not related to adventitious rooting. Increase of basal stem fresh weight and rooting of cuttings, based on all measured variables, occurred in the order: light + IBA > light > shade + IBA > shade. The best rooting required the greater irradiance. Compared to results from cuttings in the light, shading resulted in lesser accumulations of reducing sugars and starch in needles and basal stems. Reducing sugar: starch concentration ratios were significantly greater in shade- vs light-propagated cuttings, IBA treatment did not offset the effects of shade on rooting or on reducing sugar and starch concentrations or ratios. Overall, the results suggested that decreased reducing sugar and starch concentrations and/or their increased ratios are associated with shade-induced poor rooting of P. banksiana cuttings.  相似文献   

15.
巢林  刘艳艳  吴承祯  洪滔  林卓  洪伟 《广西植物》2017,37(11):1406-1417
采用径级结构替代年龄结构与建立种群年龄结构模型相结合的方法,研究沼泽交错带白桦—长白落叶松优势种群的年龄结构特征。结果表明:白桦、长白落叶松和辽东桤木种群的年龄结构呈纺锤型,龄级—个体数间的关系可用Lognormal函数表征;种群动态量化指数V'_(pi)为辽东桤木(9.57%)白桦(4.02%)长白落叶松(1.83%),均趋近于0,说明种群处于稳定型向衰退型过渡阶段;白桦、长白落叶松及辽东桤木种群幼龄个体严重不足,白桦和辽东桤木种群的存活曲线趋于Odum-B3型,而长白落叶松种群趋于Deevey-I型。白桦、长白落叶松及辽东桤木种群具有前期增长、中后期衰退的特征;白桦、长白落叶松和辽东桤木种群数量受基波影响显著,种群整个生活史阶段未显现小周期波动,种群发展较稳定;随着时间的推移,在未来2、4和6个龄级后,白桦、长白落叶松和辽东桤木种群老龄个体数均有增加,但由于更新幼苗个体稀少,未来必然呈衰退趋势。森林—沼泽交错带的白桦、长白落叶松及辽东桤木种群对外界环境变化有强烈的敏感性和脆弱性,人类活动扰动会影响其发育与演变,从而提高了森林—沼泽交错带地区沼泽化的风险。因此,应减少人类活动对森林—沼泽交错带的干扰,加强对这一地区植被群落的保护与管理。  相似文献   

16.
研究了日本落叶松母株年龄、插穗内源激素含量与生根之间的关系,以及外源IBA对插穗内源激素含量的影响及其对插穗生根的促进作用。结果表明:不同株龄插穗生根性状及插穗茎和叶中激素含量差异均达极显著水平,叶中激素含量对插穗生根力没有直接影响;插穗茎中生根抑制激素(ABA)含量随株龄增长而增加,生根促进激素与抑制激素的比值(IAA+GA+ZR)/ABA却随株龄的增长而递减,与生根力随株龄的变化趋势一致,且该比值与生根性状紧密相关,因此可作为评价母株(无性系)生根力的指标;插后13~32d是插穗愈伤组织形成和不定根诱导的关键期,此期生根促进激素消耗量大,茎中含量大幅度降低,进入根伸长生长阶段,含量上升;外源IBA促进插穗生根的机制在于通过外源激素的刺激,在不定根诱导期,插穗茎中ABA含量大幅度降低,从而有利于不定根的发生和发育。  相似文献   

17.
In this paper, we provide evidence that the rooting performance of cuttings can be improved by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis of donor plants. Poinsettia stock plants were inoculated with the Glomus intraradices isolate H510 and grown in three different cultivation systems (two organic and one conventional). AM colonization was not related to P availability in the substrate. Decay of the excised cuttings in response to unfavorable postharvest storage conditions was significantly reduced by AM colonization of the stock plants. In most cases, AM significantly promoted the formation of adventitious roots in the stored cuttings. The strongest effect of AM was found when donor plants were grown in a modified organic substrate; then AM-conditioned cuttings showed higher leaf sugar levels and a changed kinetic of carbohydrates during storage. Analyses of N, P, and K in cuttings did not indicate a nutritional effect. The results support the idea that an altered carbohydrate metabolism and plant hormones can contribute to improved rooting performance of cuttings excised from mycorrhizal donor plants.  相似文献   

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