重组人胰岛素的纯化及其性质的初步研究

构建含有人胰岛素原基因的重组载体,并在大肠杆菌表达系统中进行高效表达。表达产物经变性、复性、凝胶过滤纯化后,再经胰蛋白酶和羧肽酶B酶切作用,产物经离子交换层析纯化得到重组人胰岛素,且具有天然生物学活性。     

PTK重组质粒的构建与表达

目的构建并表达出PTK重组蛋白,以鉴定酪氨酸蛋白激酶(PTK)的活性,筛选酪氨酸激酶的抑制剂。方法从PTK重组克隆载体上切下目的基因片段Abl-PTK使其连接到表达载体pGEX4T-2上,转化大肠杆菌DH5a,筛选鉴定出正确的转化子。转化菌株经IPTG诱导后进行表达并进行SDS-PAGE分析。结果经酶切和诱导表达鉴定,重组质粒pGEX4T-2-PTK构建成功,并高效表达了58KD的GST-PTK融合蛋白。结论PTK基因被成功地重组至融合蛋白表达载体中,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达。该研究为进一步纯化、鉴定PTK的活性,筛选PTK的抑制剂奠定了基础。     

牛γ-干扰素在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗原性鉴定

目的在大肠杆菌中高效表达牛γ-干扰素（bovine interferon-γ,BovIFN-γ）,并对其生物活性进行初步鉴定。方法依据GenBank上基因序列人工合成BovIFN-γ基因,PCR方法扩增该基因,将其插入PET-28a载体构建原核表达质粒,转化大肠杆菌BL21中,在IPTG诱导下表达BovIFN-γ,并进行Western blot鉴定。Ni-NTA亲和层析法和电洗脱方法纯化表达的重组蛋白,用Western blot和商品化的BovIFN-γ检测试剂盒进行重组蛋白的抗原性检测。结果成功构建了BovIFN-γ原核表达载体PET-28a-BIFN-γ,并在大肠杆菌中高效表达,表达蛋白约占菌体总蛋白的32%,表达产物主要以可溶性形式存在于菌体裂解液上清中;重组蛋白可与BovIFN-γ单克隆抗体反应,Ni-NTA亲和层析法纯化的重组蛋白抗原活性比电洗脱方法纯化的抗原活性高。结论在大肠杆菌中成功表达了可溶性的BovIFN-γ蛋白,可与BovIFN-γ单抗发生反应,纯化的重组蛋白具有良好的反应原性。     

新型抗2-型糖尿病基因重组RMBAY的克隆、表达及生产环节优化

利用基因重组方法构建RMBAY的原核表达载体pKY-BAY,并研究其生产的优化条件。选用大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,用PCR方法合成全长RMBAY多肽基因,并定向插入到高效表达载体pKYB-mcs中,用大肠杆菌ER2566进行表达,融合蛋白经Chitin-Beads柱纯化后,结合在柱上的融合蛋白用β-巯基乙醇诱导蛋白内含肽的N端自动切割,释放目的肽,目的肽由质谱鉴定。 实验结果表明：利用载体pKY-B在大肠杆菌ER2566中,RMBAY能够实现高效表达;在优化的生产条件下,RMBAY的产量可达到6.7mg/L发酵产物,纯度大于98%,质谱鉴定RMBAY的分子量为3.887kDa. 与理论值相符合。     

小鼠β-防御素30的原核表达和纯化

目的:在原核细胞中表达小鼠β-防御素30(DEFB30),并对表达产物进行鉴定和纯化。方法:用RT-PCR方法扩增小鼠Defb30的cDNA序列,将2个拷贝的cDNA序列串联连入原核表达载体pET28(a),构建重组表达载体pET28(a)-Defb30,并将重组表达载体转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,以Western印迹分析表达产物His-DEFB30,用Ni-NTA亲和柱纯化融合蛋白。结果:构建了Defb30基因的原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导,相对分子质量约15×103的融合蛋白获得表达,Western印迹分析证实此蛋白即为目的蛋白,经Ni-NTA柱亲和纯化,获得了高纯度的融合蛋白His-DEFB30。结论:获得了在大肠杆菌中表达的DEFB30,为研究该蛋白的免疫避孕效果、抗菌活性奠定了基础。     

白念珠菌天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因SAP2在大肠杆菌中的表达及产物纯化

目的构建SAP 2重组原核表达载体并表达、纯化出可溶性的蛋白,为抗体制备及Sap2抗原检测奠定基础。方法提取白念珠菌基因组DNA为模板,经PCR方法获取SAP 2目的基因。双酶切SAP 2基因与原核表达载体pMAL-c2x(+),连接酶切产物,转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细菌,筛选菌落和测序鉴定。将pMAL-c2x/SAP2重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达出可溶性的融合蛋白,经直链淀粉树脂亲和层析、蛋白酶Factor Xa切割标签获得纯化的Sap2蛋白。结果经PCR扩增获得正确的SAP 2序列并定向插入原核表达载体pMAL-c2x(+)中。重组原核表达载体pMAL-c2x/SAP2经IPTG诱导14 h后表达出可溶性的融合蛋白,并经纯化、切除标签后得到目的蛋白。结论成功构建了白念珠菌天冬氨酸蛋白酶原核表达质粒pMAL-c2x/SAP2,该质粒在BL21(DE3)中可获得高效融合表达,通过亲和层析纯化及标签切割得到了氨基酸序列同天然蛋白一致的目的蛋白。     

pGEX-4T-3-MFGF21表达载体的构建、表达与纯化

目的:构建小鼠FGF21(fibroblast growth factor 21,FGF21)重组表达载体pGEX-4T-3-MFGF21,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,纯化后获得小鼠FGF21融合蛋白。方法:提取小鼠肝脏总RNA后,经RT-PCR扩增获得目的片段,将其克隆至pMD19-T进行保存。以T载体为模板,扩增MFGF21 mat-peptide,构建重组原核表达载体pGEX-4T-3-MFGF21。将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)中,在不同IPTG浓度、温度及转速下对表达载体进行诱导表达,优化表达条件,表达产物经SDS-PAGE电泳以鉴定是否为可溶性表达,采用亲和层析法纯化各表达产物后,进行Western blotting鉴定。结果:成功构建重组表达载体pGEX-4T-3-MFGF21,对其进行可溶性表达后成功纯化出GST-MFGF21,经Western-blotting鉴定为目的蛋白。结论:成功构建pGEX-4T-3-MFGF21,得到纯化的GST-MFGF21蛋白。     

hGH-双精氨酸C肽人胰岛素原基因的克隆表达及纯化研究

旨在提高基因重组人胰岛素在大肠杆菌中表达的稳定性及表达包涵体蛋白的复性水平.在人胰岛素原N端前融合人生长素N端的一段序列来充当前导肽,同时将C肽设计为两个精氨酸,分10段合成长链寡核苷酸链,利用重叠延伸PCR技术(SOE PCR)扩增得到该基因片段.与表达载体PET-30a连接,转化E.coli BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达.表达的融合蛋白采用Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化,纯化后的蛋白经复性、冻干等步骤后用胰蛋白酶,羧肽酶B双酶切再过DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换柱,收集洗脱峰.对制备所得的胰岛素用SDS-PAGE,Western blot进行性质鉴定,及皮下注射小鼠测定生物活性.结果显示,目的蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中得到了表达,表达产物以不溶性包涵体形式纯在,约占大肠杆菌总蛋白的30%.经Ni-NTA亲和层析得到的重组蛋白纯度为85%,DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换纯化得到单组分胰岛素.Western Blot显示制备所得的胰岛素具有胰岛素免疫原性,皮下给药注射小鼠活性测定表明具有明显的降血糖活性.获得了一种高效生产基因重组人胰岛素的方法,为研究胰岛素类似物奠定了前期基础同时也为今后探索胰岛素的非注射给药途径提供了原料.     

雪莲类PEBP基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及鉴定

本实验旨在构建雪莲类PEBP基因原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化类PEBP基因所编码的蛋白,为进一步研究奠定基础.将雪莲类PEBP基因开放阅读框序列克隆到原核表达载体pET30( )上,转化感受态表达菌株BL21(DE3),低浓度IPTG低温诱导融合蛋白的表达,纯化产物,Western blotting鉴定目的蛋白.IFTG低诱导PEBP,经SDS-PAGE分析,其相对分子量约为28 kD,与预期相符,表达量约占菌体蛋白的26.8%,并且通过亲和层析纯化了重组融合蛋白,Western blotting鉴定为阳性.成功构建了原核表达载体pET-PEBP,获得了高效表达产物,并为进一步研究雪莲类PEBP基因的抗冻功能打下基础.     

重组虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅺ用pMAL-p2X载体的表达和纯化

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅺ基因通过PCR扩增 ,插入pMAL p2X载体 ,基因 5′端插入凝血酶切割位点 .在大肠杆菌中经IPTG诱导高效分泌表达 .表达产物N端含麦芽糖结合蛋白 ,融合蛋白被分泌到大肠杆菌的胞间质 .经冷渗透休克后 ,透析脱盐 ,用凝血酶切割融合蛋白 ,再经SuperdexTM75分子筛柱层析、高效液相色谱反相C18柱纯化 ,得到重组虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素Ⅺ .质谱分析表明 ,rHWTX Ⅺ系正确表达产物 ,重组HWTX Ⅺ表现出与天然HWTX Ⅺ一致的生物学活性 .     

Exendin-4 对糖尿病脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑组织中MMP-9 表达的影响

目的:通过观察Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑梗死体积百分比及脑组织中金属基质蛋白酶-9及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1的变化,探讨Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用机制。方法:选用SD大鼠,给予链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型后,随机分为A组:糖尿病对照组(n=6);B组:模型组(n=6);C组:Exendin-4低剂量组(n=6);D组:Exendin-4中剂量组(n=6);E组:Exendin-4高剂量组(n=6)。常规喂养6周后,A组给予假手术处理,B、C、D及E组采用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血90 min再灌注模型,24 h后处死大鼠取脑组织,采用2,3,5一氯化三苯四唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色测算脑梗死体积百分比;同时分别采用Western Blot法及RT-PCR测量脑组织中的MMP-9及TIMP-1表达量。结果:脑缺血再灌注能致脑组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1表达量增高,各组与A组比较,有显著差异(P<0.05);给予Exendin-4处理后脑组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1表达增高程度及脑梗死体积百分比明显降低,与B组比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:Exendin-4对糖尿病大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达有关。     

Exendin-4类似物的克隆、表达与体内生物活性检测

为研究Exendin-4类似物的克隆,融合表达及在体内的生物活性,在pED载体融合伴侣序列中插入利于下游分离纯化的序列成为5#载体,将Exendin-4类似物基因与5#载体中的融合伴侣基因通过酸水解位点连接,转化至E.coli BL21中并诱导表达融合蛋白,酸水解将目的肽与融合伴侣分开后,经阴离子交换树脂分离得到目的肽。6周～8周正常雄性ICR小鼠皮下注射Exendin-4类似物后,口服糖耐量实验检测在不同时间段小鼠血液中葡萄糖及胰岛素含量的变化。结果表明:融合蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的40%,Exendin-4类似物纯度达91.8%。Exendin-4类似物的活性与对照组相比,具有显著的降低血糖和显著促进胰岛素分泌的活性(P<0.01)。     

Expression and purification of exendin-4 dimer in Escherichia coli and its interaction with GLP-1 receptor in vitro

Exendin-4 is a 39 amino acid peptide isolated from the Gila monster salivary gland. It is 53% homologous to GLP-1 and exhibits similar glucoregulatory activities. In this study, exendin-4 dimer (D-Ex4) was constructed, cloned into plasmid pET32a(+) and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The fusion protein with His-tag at the N-terminus was purified with a Ni-NTA-agarose column. After proteolytic cleavage, D-Ex4 peptide with high purity was obtained by HPLC. The results obtained by chemical cross-linking showed that D-Ex4 maintained affinity to GLP-1 receptor.     

调控蛋白CRP和FNR对青霉素G酰化酶基因表达的影响

青霉素G酰化酶的表达受多种因素的调控。利用crp和fnr基因缺陷型菌株研究了葡萄糖阻遏和氧调控的机制。结果表明：FNR对pac表达不起调控作用,CRP对pac基因表达有正调控作用．并且CRP的结合位点位于结构基因上游的DNA序列上。随后,测定结构基因上游调控区的DNA序列,发现可能的CRP蛋白结合位点的同源保守序列为TGTGA。     

利用BglBrick方法进行HSA/Exendin-4长效融合蛋白的快速组装

目的：通过合成生物学的BglBrick方法快速构建不同种类HSA/ Exendin-4长效融合蛋白,为进行各HSA/Exendin-4融合蛋白生物学活性的筛选比较奠定基础。方法：选用酵母表达载体pPICZαA质粒,构建pPICZαA-E4和pPICZαA-HSA两种基础Brick表达载体,运用BglBrick方法,实现了不同数目Exendin-4分子在HSA的不同末端的快速组装。将构建出的10种HSA/Exendin-4融合蛋白,转入毕赤酵母菌KM71H中,用甲醇诱导目的蛋白的表达。结果：用BglBrick方法构建的HSA/Exendin-4融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中都成功诱导表达出相应的目的蛋白。结论：利用BglBrick方法能够实现HSA长效融合蛋白的快速组装。     

The effect of NADP-dependent malic enzyme expression and anaerobic C4 metabolism in Escherichia coli compared with other anaplerotic enzymes

AIMS: To understand the modification of C4-metabolism under anaerobic glycolysis condition by overexpressing anaplerotic enzymes, which mediating carboxylation of C3 into C4 metabolites, in Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS: Anaplerotic NADP-dependent malic enzyme (MaeB), as well as the other anaplerotic enzymes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck) and NAD-dependent malic enzyme (MaeA), were artificially expressed and their C4 metabolism was compared in E. coli. Increasing MaeB expression enhanced the production of C4 metabolites by 2.4 times compared to the wild-type strain in anaerobic glucose medium with bicarbonate supplementation. In MaeB expression, C4 metabolism by supplementing 10 g l(-1) of NaHCO(3) was three times than that by no supplementation, which showed the greatest response to increased CO(2) availability among the tested anaplerotic enzyme expressions. CONCLUSIONS: The higher C4 metabolism was achieved in E. coli expressing increased levels of the NADPH-dependent MaeB. The greatest increase in the C4 metabolite ratio compared to the other tested enzymes were also found in E. coli with enhanced MaeB expression as CO(2) availability increased. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The higher C4 metabolites and related biomolecule productions can be accomplished by MaeB overexpression in metabolically engineered E. coli.     

Exendin-4 Reduces Ischemic Brain Injury in Normal and Aged Type 2 Diabetic Mice and Promotes Microglial M2 Polarization

Exendin-4 is a glucagon-like receptor 1 agonist clinically used against type 2 diabetes that has also shown neuroprotective effects in experimental stroke models. However, while the neuroprotective efficacy of Exendin-4 has been thoroughly investigated if the pharmacological treatment starts before stroke, the therapeutic potential of the Exendin-4 if the treatment starts acutely after stroke has not been clearly determined. Further, a comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy in normal and aged diabetic mice has not been performed. Finally, the cellular mechanisms behind the efficacy of Exendin-4 have been only partially studied. The main objective of this study was to determine the neuroprotective efficacy of Exendin-4 in normal and aged type 2 diabetic mice if the treatment started after stroke in a clinically relevant setting. Furthermore we characterized the Exendin-4 effects on stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Two-month-old healthy and 14-month-old type 2 diabetic/obese mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. 5 or 50 µg/kg Exendin-4 was administered intraperitoneally at 1.5, 3 or 4.5 hours thereafter. The treatment was continued (0.2 µg/kg/day) for 1 week. The neuroprotective efficacy was assessed by stroke volume measurement and stereological counting of NeuN-positive neurons. Neuroinflammation was determined by gene expression analysis of M1/M2 microglia subtypes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We show neuroprotective efficacy of 50 µg/kg Exendin-4 at 1.5 and 3 hours after stroke in both young healthy and aged diabetic/obese mice. The 5 µg/kg dose was neuroprotective at 1.5 hour only. Proinflammatory markers and M1 phenotype were not impacted by Exendin-4 treatment while M2 markers were significantly up regulated. Our results support the use of Exendin-4 to reduce stroke-damage in the prehospital/early hospitalization setting irrespectively of age/diabetes. The results indicate the polarization of microglia/macrophages towards the M2 reparative phenotype as a potential mechanism of neuroprotection.     

Expression and purification of exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in Escherichia coli

Exendin-4 is a 39 amino acid peptide isolated from salivary secretions of Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). It shows 53% sequence similarity to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is evaluated for the regulation of plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. Exendin-4 is a potent and long-acting agonist of GLP-1 receptor. In the present study, the exendin-4 gene obtained by PCR with an enterokinase site at N-terminus and a termination codon at C-terminus was expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) harboring pET32a(+). The fusion protein was purified by chromatography on Ni-NTA-agarose column. Recombinant exendin-4 was obtained by enterokinase cleavage of the fusion protein and subsequent purification. The yield of recombinant exendin-4 was 3.15mg/10g bacteria. The obtained recombinant exendin-4 shows glucose-lowering action in vivo.     

人结合珠蛋白cDNA 克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达和鉴定

目的：克隆人结合珠蛋白（haptoglobin,Hp）cDNA ,并在大肠杆菌中表达和鉴定。方法：从Hela 细胞中分离总RNA,采用RT-PCR 方法获得人Hp cDNA,分别克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a和PGEX-4T-1,转化至大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG 诱导表达,并进行SDS-PAGE 及Western blot 鉴定。结果: 成功构建了高效原核表达质粒PET-32a-Hp 和PGEX-4T1-Hp;Western 印迹结果表明,经IPTG 诱导,在大肠杆菌中表达了分子量约30 kD和37 kD 的目的蛋白;表达产物经Ni2+-NTA 离子交换树脂纯化, 纯度>90%。结 论：在E.coli成功表达和纯化了人Hp 融合蛋白,为进一步开发人Hp 诊断试剂打下基础。     

Detect of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef samples using piezoelectric excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors

Piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors consisting of a piezoelectric and a borosilicate glass layer with a sensing area of 4 mm2 were fabricated. An antibody specific to Escherichia coli (anti-E. coli) O157:H7 was immobilized on PEMC sensors, and exposed to samples containing E. coli O157:H7 (EC) prepared in various matrices: (1) broth, broth plus raw ground beef, and broth plus sterile ground beef without inoculation of E. coli O157:H7 served as controls, (2) 100 mL of broth inoculated with 25 EC cells, (3) 100 mL of broth containing 25 g of raw ground beef and (4) 100 mL of broth with 25 g of sterile ground beef inoculated with 25 EC cells. The total resonant frequency change obtained for the broth plus EC samples were 16+/-2 Hz (n=2), 30 Hz (n=1), and 54+/-2 Hz (n=2) corresponding to 2, 4, and 6h growth at 37 degrees C, respectively. The response to the broth plus 25 g of sterile ground beef plus EC cells were 21+/-2 Hz (n=2), 37 Hz (n=1), and 70+/-2 Hz (n=2) corresponding to 2, 4, and 6 h, respectively. In all cases, the three different control samples yielded a frequency change of 0+/-2 Hz (n=6). The E. coli O157:H7 concentration in each broth and beef samples was determined by both plating and by pathogen modeling program. The results indicate that the PEMC sensor detects E. coli O157:H7 reliably at 50-100 cells/mL with a 3 mL sample.