共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是工业乙醇生产广泛使用的微生物,构建能同时发酵戊糖以及具有优良抑制物耐受能力的高产菌株,在燃料乙醇生产技术开发中具有十分重要的地位。基因组学、蛋白组学、转录组学、代谢组学和流量组学等"组学"技术可从基因型到表现型不同层次揭示生命活动规律,在燃料乙醇生产用酵母菌株的构建中具有广阔的应用前景,特别是目标基因的识别、代谢途径的优化、代谢机理的揭示等。运用"组学"技术可使菌株构建工作更具靶向性和明确性,更加易于获得目标性状,并大大缩短育种周期。综述了"组学"技术在燃料乙醇生产用酿酒酵母菌株构建中的应用及相关研究进展。 相似文献
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马林龙曹丹刘艳丽金孝芳 《生物技术通报》2018,(3):39-42
高氨基酸茶树因其所制绿茶滋味鲜爽、香气馥郁且集观赏、健康于一体,在市场上取得了良好的社会和经济效益,对其研究已然成为当前茶学领域的热点之一。随着对生命科学的研究进入多组学时代,以转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学为基础的组学技术得到了迅猛发展,被广泛应用在茶学领域的各项研究中,并成为研究高氨基酸茶树不可或缺的重要手段。综述了近年来转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组等组学技术在高氨基酸茶树中的相关应用研究进展,分析了组学技术在高氨基酸茶树研究中的应用仍存在着很多的不足和亟待突破的难题,并对组学技术在高氨基酸茶树上的深入研究与应用进行了展望,以期为今后高氨基酸茶树的进一步研究提供参考和方向,同时也为高氨基酸茶树品种选育与高效栽培技术提供理论依据。 相似文献
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通过脂质组学分析方法从细胞膜磷脂分布方面探究适应进化酿酒酵母酚酸耐受性机制。主要利用高效液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)对酚酸胁迫下适应进化菌株和原始菌株脂质成分检测并进行统计学比较分析。检测出565种脂质代谢物,包含细胞膜磷脂185种。相比初始菌株,适应进化菌株细胞膜中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)类磷脂分子相对含量增加,含有长链(C32-C36)和双不饱和脂酰链的磷脂分子含量增加。统计学分析表明显著性差异磷脂分子主要为含有长链不饱和脂酰链的PC和PE类磷脂分子。推测适应进化菌株通过膜磷脂重塑提高细胞膜完整性,对酚类抑制物起到选择性屏障作用,从而保持细胞活性。 相似文献
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刘怡晨;程明;蔡瑞 《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2025,(2):201-209
脂肪组织由多种亚细胞类群构成,其增殖潜力与分化命运均不同,并执行着不同的功能,因此,解析脂肪组织的亚细胞类型对阐明机体重要性状形成的分子机制具有重要意义。近年来,随着生命科学领域多组学技术的快速发展,针对脂肪生物学领域细胞异质性的问题,开展了大量的单细胞多组学技术应用工作,特别是单细胞基因组学、转录物组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等及各组学的联合应用,实现了能够在不同层面,在单细胞分辨率水平揭示脂肪细胞异质性,并发现新脂肪细胞亚型及探索脂肪细胞分化轨迹等生物学过程,在生命与医药领域取得了巨大突破性进展,成为许多生物学过程解析与疾病治疗的切入口,并加速了基因编辑与干细胞育种等关键新兴技术的发展。本文总结了单细胞多组学技术种类及其特点,综述了该技术在肌内、肌间、皮下及内脏脂肪沉积中的应用研究进展,并探讨了其前景与挑战,以期充分认识该技术在脂肪沉积研究中的重要作用,为性状形成机制解析与人类肥胖等代谢性疾病治疗提供理论依据。 相似文献
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地中海贫血是全球最大的单基因病之一,其携带率超过5%.我国长江以南各省(区,市)携带率较高,是出生缺陷防治工作的一大挑战.地中海贫血及血红蛋白调控相关的分子机制、生物标志物及治疗靶点的研究能为地中海贫血的防治工作提供新的思路.近年来逐渐兴起并且不断完善的组学研究是地中海贫血研究中的热门方法及热点课题,在基因组、转录组、... 相似文献
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随着分子生物技术的不断进步,转录组学技术已广泛应用于生物基因表达水平的研究。近年来,针对微生物转录组学的研究技术也在不断发展。在基因层面上,由片段RNA与微生物样本进行互补验证,发展到直接对全长RNA进行测序得到序列信息;在空间上,由传统群体转录组发展到空间、单细胞以及表观等层面的研究。随着转录组学技术在微生物研究领域中的应用,相应的缺陷也逐渐显现并不断被完善。本文主要是对微生物研究方面传统的和新型的转录组学技术进行了总结归纳,为微生物转录组学研究提供参考。 相似文献
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In a foregoing paper we have shown the presence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, but apparently distinct from gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The cellular level of this enzyme was not regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source supplied to the yeast cell. Purification was attempted, using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A 50, salt precipitations and successive chromatographies on DEAE Sephadex 6B and Sephadex G 100. The apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 14,800 as determined by gel filtration. As shown by kinetic studies and thin layer chromatography, the enzyme preparation exhibited only hydrolytic activity against gamma-glutamylarylamide and L-glutamine with an optimal pH of about seven. Various gamma-glutamylaminoacids, amides, dipeptides and glutathione were inactive as substrates and no transferase activity was detected. The yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase was activated by SH protective agents, dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione. Oxidized glutathione, ophtalmic acid and various gamma-glutamylaminoacids inhibited competitively the enzyme. The activity was also inhibited by L-gamma-glutamyl-o-(carboxy)phenylhydrazide and the couple serine-borate, both transition-state analogs of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Diazooxonorleucine, reactive analog of glutamine, inactivated the enzyme. The physiological role of yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase-glutaminase is still undefined but is most probably unrelated to the bulk assimilation of glutamine by yeast cells. 相似文献
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基因组重排作为一种实用高效的育种技术,在缺乏遗传背景认知和可操作遗传体系等条件下,可以突破微生物种属间的限制,经过多轮递推的原生质体融合来加速其人工定向进化,在微生物菌种改良及代谢产物开发和产业化等研究领域得到了广泛应用。步入后基因组时代,快速发展的组学和生物信息学使基因组重排成为连接各种微生物育种方法的重要纽带,为我们深入探索微生物复杂的代谢网络和全局调控机制,更为精准地实施对微生物的人工调控和定向进化提供了契机。本文系统性地回顾了近年来基因组重排在微生物菌种选育中的应用研究,尤其针对围绕其开展的组学研究进行了详细阐述,并对基因组重排与组学、生物信息学和合成生物学等新兴技术的联合应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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采用Interdelta指纹图谱分析, 对分离自宁夏地区赤霞珠葡萄自然发酵过程中的45个酿酒酵母单菌落进行菌株区分, 研究发酵过程中酿酒酵母菌株的变化, 为发酵的有效控制及选育优良酿酒酵母菌株提供依据。结果发现, 本研究分离到的45个酿酒酵母单菌落中, 产生5种指纹图谱, 代表5种不同的基因型, 基因型I-V分别占所分离单菌落的71%、13%、9%、5.0%、2.0%, 基因型I是发酵过程中的优势菌株。本研究中, 二氧化硫处理影响自然发酵过程中酿酒酵母菌株的类型、数目及比例, 但其影响不是很大。 相似文献
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酿酒酵母作为最简单的真核生物,是研究真核生物基本生命规律的重要模式系统,也是生物产业领域非常重要的微生物细胞工厂。在《微生物学通报》创刊40周年之际,本文综述了国内40年来在酿酒酵母分子遗传学与育种研究的重要进展,如分子遗传学研究手段的建立、重要功能基因的分析、重要生命过程的遗传基础和调控机制,以及酵母菌育种技术的建立与应用等。 相似文献
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Accumulation and secretion of beta-glucanases have been studied in vivo by using a thermosensitive secretory mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae blocked at the endoplasmic reticulum level (sec 18-1). When incubated at the restrictive temperature no accumulation of active glucanases was observed. Following a shift to permissive conditions in the presence of cycloheximide a rise in the internal activity took place. The increase in total glucanase activity was partially due to the activation of an exo-glucanase that hydrolyzes PNPG. It is concluded that glucanases are synthesized in inactive precursor forms and are converted to the active forms in their secretory pathway. 相似文献
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Xiaochu Lou Yaru Zhang Rui Bao Cong‐Zhao Zhou Yuxing Chen 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2009,65(1):39-41
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a family of small redox‐active proteins that are found in all living organisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two cytosolic Trxs (Trx1 and Trx2) and one mitochondrial Trx (Trx3) have previously been identified. In this work, cytosolic Trx1 containing a C33S mutant was overexpressed, purified, glutathionylated and crystallized using the hanging‐drop vapour‐diffusion method. A set of X‐ray diffraction data was collected to 1.80 Å resolution. The crystal belonged to space group P1, with unit‐cell parameters a = 38.53, b = 38.81, c = 41.70 Å, α = 72.91, β = 87.51, γ = 60.58°. 相似文献
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Gharbi I Ricard B Rolin D Maucourt M Andrieu MH Bizid E Smiti S Brouquisse R 《Plant, cell & environment》2007,30(4):508-517
Hypoxically induced tolerance to anoxia in roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was previously shown to depend on sucrose and the induction of sucrose synthase. In contrast to maize, root hexokinase (HXK) activities did not increase during hypoxia and glucose was unable to sustain glycolytic flux under anoxia. In this paper, we asked whether hypoxic metabolism in roots would be altered in transgenic tomato plants overexpressing either a plant (Arabidopsis) or a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) HXK and whether such modifications could be related to improved energy metabolism and consequently root tolerance under anoxia. Tomato plants grown hydroponically with shoots always maintained in air were submitted to a 7 d hypoxic treatment applied by stopping air bubbling. A combination of techniques including (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, RT-PCR and enzyme analyses was used to obtain a broad picture of hypoxic root metabolism. In normoxic conditions, HXK overexpression resulted in higher ADP and AMP levels only in roots of AtHXK1 transgenic plants. During hypoxic treatment, oxygen levels in the hydroponic tank decreased rapidly to 5 kPa within the first 2 d and then remained at 5 kPa throughout the 7 d experiment. Oxygen levels were similar at 5 and 20 cm below the water surface. A decline of the adenylate energy status was observed after 2 d of hypoxic treatment, with a further decrease by 7 d in roots of non-transgenic (WT) and ScHXK2, but not in AtHXK1 transgenic plants. Sucrose synthase activity increased to comparably higher levels at 7 d of hypoxic treatment in WT and ScHXK2 compared with AtHXK1 roots. Differences between WT and the transgenic plants are discussed with respect to the metabolic response to low (hypoxia) but not zero (anoxia) oxygen. 相似文献
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Hridayabhiranjan Shukla Lakshmikanthrao Viswanathan Niranjan Prasad Shukla 《Enzyme and microbial technology》1984,6(12):560-564
Data obtained on the conversion of d-glucose to alcohol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch culture has been analysed kinetically. The effects of different kinetic parameters, e.g. rates of ethanol and biomass formation, rate of d-glucose utilization and variation of pH have been studied. Analysis of data was made on the basis of Michaelis-Menten, Leudeking-Piret and simple kinetics. Unsteady rate behaviour in the lag phase was observed and explained. 相似文献