甘肃岷县当归不同药用部位挥发油的提取及其成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取产于甘肃岷县道地产区当归的当归身、当归尾、当归头中的挥发油,使用气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析其挥发油的化学组分.在相同提取测定条件下,当归不同部位提取的挥发油中各化学成分含量存在差异性,当归身、当归尾、当归头在保持较多藁本内酯的同时,均含有其他有效成分,且这些有效成分种类与含量不尽相同.提示当归不同药用部位的挥发油化学成分含量具有一定的差异,药理作用的物质基础不同,探寻当归不同部位的挥发油的化学成分变化规律,为中药当归的加工及临床应用提供科学依据.     

当归及其炮制品水提物体外抗脂质过氧化作用

为了研究当归及其不同炮制品水提物抗脂质过氧化的作用。采用体外小鼠肝组织自发性脂质过氧化、H2O2诱导的红细胞膜脂质过氧化和溶血反应,评价了当归及其炮制品水提物对脂质过氧化的抑制作用。结果表明当归及其不同炮制品水提物体外对肝组织自发性脂质过氧化的抑制能力为当归碳酒当归生当归油当归土当归;对H2O2诱导的红细胞膜脂质过氧化的抑制能力为当归碳土当归生当归酒当归油当归;对H2O2诱导的溶血作用的抑制能力为酒当归当归碳土当归油当归生当归,且抑制效果均呈现良好的剂量依赖关系。说明当归及其不同炮制品水提物体外都具有一定的抗脂质过氧化的作用,其中抗肝组织自发性脂质过氧化和H2O2诱导的红细胞膜脂质过氧化的能力以当归碳最好,而抗H2O2诱导的溶血作用以酒当归最好。     

独脚当归阿魏酸和多糖含量的测定

首次对独脚当归中阿魏酸和多糖的含量进行了研究。用70%甲醇回流提取独脚当归中的阿魏酸,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对其含量进行测定;用水提醇沉的方法提取独脚当归中的多糖,使用紫外分光光度计(UV spectrophotometry),采用苯酚-硫酸法对其含量进行测定。结果表明:独脚当归中阿魏酸和多糖的含量分别为86.10μg/g、34.60 mg/g。该测定方法简单、快速、准确,为独脚当归药材的质量控制提供了一个定量方法和参考依据。从独脚当归阿魏酸和多糖含量方面,说明了独脚当归代替当归使用,其药效会明显弱于当归。     

当归栽培的研究现状

当归为我国常用大宗药材,目前商品当归大多是栽培品。根据近年来有关栽培当归的研究报道,我们归纳、总结了当归种子质量、种苗大小及不同栽培方式与当归药材产量和质量的相关性,阐述了当归栽培过程中难以彻底解决的有关早期抽薹问题和麻口病问题的研究现状及生产实践中采取的主要防控措施。本综述可为当归的可持续开发利用提供科学依据。     

当归抗抑郁作用及配伍应用

旨在探讨当归在抑郁症治疗中发挥的作用。通过分析相关文献,结合当归的临床功效和抑郁症的疾病特点,概括当归抗抑郁作用规律。当归在抑郁症治疗中具有补血以养肝体、活血以通心脉、通便以利肠腑的作用,以其为主药的抗抑郁复方临床应用广泛。当归的抗抑郁作用值得进一步深入研究。     

当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外鉴别

为寻找当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归的紫外吸收光谱鉴别特征，采用紫外谱线组法对三者在不同极性溶剂中的紫外吸收光谱图进行比较。结果表明，当归和独活在四种极性溶剂中均存在明显差异，而当归和欧当归仅在无水乙醇和蒸馏水溶剂中鉴别差异显著。紫外谱线组法可以鉴别当归及其混淆品独活、欧当归。     

种植模式对当归根际细菌群落多样性及代谢通路的影响

连作障碍严重限制了当归产业的可持续发展。为了探索当归(Angelica sinensis)高效栽培技术,本研究在当归主产区甘肃省渭源县设置5种种植模式(A: 豌豆-当归-当归,对照;B: 豌豆-小麦-当归;C: 豌豆-蒙古黄芪-当归;D: 豌豆-马铃薯-当归;E: 豌豆-休耕-当归),于采挖期分别测定不同种植模式下,当归根际土壤理化特性和细菌基因组DNA相对丰度,分析不同种植模式对当归根际土壤理化特性、细菌群落多样性和代谢通路的影响。结果表明: 1) 5种种植模式下当归根际土壤理化特性差异较大。与对照相比,C模式根际土壤的电导率显著增加,B、D和E模式的电导率略有下降,B、C、D和E模式的土壤CO₂呼吸速率显著提高。2) 5种种植模式的当归根际土壤细菌隶属于26门368属,其中,芽单胞菌门的芽单胞菌属、变形菌门的鞘脂单胞菌属和酸杆菌门的Subgroup_6属为优势菌属。与对照相比,B、C模式变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度显著增加,D模式酸杆菌门的相对丰度显著降低;E模式变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度显著增加。3) 5种种植模式下,当归根际土壤的pH值、电导率、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量与变形菌门细菌的相对丰度呈显著负相关。4) 5种种植模式下,当归根际土壤中6种代谢通路细菌的相对丰度差异显著。C模式对当归根际土壤理化特性和细菌群落有较好的调节作用,是克服当归连作障碍的主要种植模式。     

中国药用当归属植物研究进展及质量标志物的预测分析*

中国药用当归属植物资源丰富,包括当归、白芷、独活等34种药材,临床使用广且药用价值极高,富含香豆素类、多糖类、有机酸类、苯酚类、挥发油类等成分,除补血活血、调经止痛、润肠通便的传统功效,还具有抗氧化、抗衰老、保护神经元、抗肿瘤等药理作用,应用前景广阔。综述了中国药用当归属植物的分布及其药用功效、化学成分和药理作用的研究进展,为当归属植物的开发利用提供参考。并且根据质量标志物(Q-marker)概念,把影响中国药用当归属植物质量的因素概括为当归属药用植物品种、植物产区、化学成分、炮制方法,以及传统功效和网络药理学的预测分析等。从不同方面对中国药用当归属植物进行分析和论述,为建立和完善中国药用当归属植物的质量控制及评价方法提供参考。     

超声波提取的当归多糖化学修饰及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声波辅助法从当归中提取水溶性当归粗多糖(ASP),经过4种化学修饰分别得到硫酸化当归多糖(S-ASP)、磷酸化当归多糖(P-ASP)、乙酰化当归多糖(Ac-ASP)、羧甲基化当归多糖(C-ASP)。通过红外光谱对化学修饰前后ASP的结构进行表征,并进行抗氧化活性和清除自由基能力的测定,以获得一种抗氧化活性较强的当归多糖。结果显示:经化学修饰后的ASP分别具有相应的特征吸收峰,表明当归多糖的4种化学修饰均已成功;经化学修饰的4种当归多糖总还原能力均弱于未修饰多糖,且清除羟基自由基(·OH)的能力无明显变化,但清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼(DPPH·)自由基和抑制Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应的能力有所增强,其中P-ASP清除超氧阴离子(O2·-)自由基的能力最强;Ac-ASP抑制Fe2+诱发的脂质过氧化反应的能力最强,且均呈现出一定的量效关系。本实验结果为当归多糖的进一步研究与开发利用提供了一定的科学依据。     

生物有机肥对连作当归根际土壤细菌群落结构和根腐病的影响

研究生物有机肥料DZF-363对当归生长、根腐病的发病情况及土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响,可为其对连作当归根际土壤环境的调节和改善提供理论依据.本研究以连作2年的当归及其根际土壤为对象,设置对照(不施农药和微生物肥料,CK)、农药(15%的阿维毒死蜱乳油+50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂,N)和生物有机肥DZF-363(DZF)处理,利用高通量测序和比色的方法,研究施用DZF-363对当归根际土壤微生物群落结构和土壤脲酶、磷酸酶活性的影响.结果表明:施用DZF-363比对照和农药处理分别增产18.8%和6.8%.施用DZF-363使当归根腐病病情指数显著降低,对根腐病防效达52.0%;整个生育期当归根际土壤的脲酶、中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高,苗期、生长中期及收获期脲酶活性分别提高52.4%、13.9%、10.3%,中性磷酸酶活性分别提高15.5%、10.2%、10.3%,碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高10.3%、4.4%、4.0%,酸性磷酸酶活性在当归生长中期及收获期分别提高15.6%、8.2%.放线菌门在CK、N和DZF处理中的占比分别为11.3%、10%和20%,未知的放线菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲在DZF处理中的占比显著高于CK和N处理.施用DZF-363能显著增加当归根际土壤Shannon指数,且Shannon指数和Simpson指数与当归产量呈正相关,与根腐病呈负相关.表明施用DZF-363能显著增加当归根际土壤细菌多样性,改变当归根际土壤细菌群落结构,提高根际土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性,减轻当归根腐病的发生,显著提高当归产量.     

Angelica sinensis down-regulates hydroxyproline and Tgfb1 and provides protection in mice with radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is a common delayed side effect of radiation therapy, and it has a poor prognosis. Tgfb1 is a potent chemoattractant for fibroblasts and stimulates the production of collagen, the protein that contains hydroxyproline. Since collagen is by far the most abundant protein in the lung, comprising 60-70% of the tissue mass, analysis of the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues provides a reliable quantitative index for pulmonary fibrosis. Thus hydroxyproline and Tgfb1 may be involved in the development of fibrosis. In this study, we investigated radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were assigned into four groups: no treatment, treated with Angelica sinensis treated only, X-irradiated only (a single fraction of 12 Gy to the thorax), and Angelica sinensis treatment plus radiation. We assayed expression of hydroxyproline and the mRNA and protein of Tgfb1 in the four groups. We found that Angelica sinensis down-regulated the production of Tgfb1 and hydroxyproline in mice with radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This study has demonstrated for the first time that Angelica sinensis inhibits the progress of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, possibly by down-regulating the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine Tgfb1. These data suggest that Angelica sinensis may be useful in preventing and/or treating radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the clinic.     

Protective effect of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis on endothelial cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide

Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat some pathological settings such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. We determined the protective effect of the extract of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis (ELCAS) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304) damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. ECV304 cells were pre-treated with ELCAS and exposed to 5 mM hydrogen peroxide. The results show that ELCAS dose- and time-dependently protected ECV304 cells against hydrogen peroxide damage and suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The decrement of ROS may be associated with increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Western blot analysis revealed that ELCAS significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK and promoted eNOS expression. These observations indicate that ELCAS protected ECV304 cells against hydrogen peroxide damage by enhancing the antioxidative ability, activating ERK and eNOS signaling pathway. Our data also provide new evidence of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis in preventing both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.     

基于ITS序列的东亚当归属植物的分类学研究

采用PCR直接测序法,测定了东亚地区狭义当归属Angelica s.s.及其近缘共7属40种代表植物的核糖体DNA ITS序列,并结合GenBank中相关植物的ITS序列(含外类群3种),应用遗传距离与系统树分析法对东亚地区狭义当归属植物内部以及当归属与其近缘属植物之间的亲缘关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)广义当归属中的狭义当归属、柳叶芹属Czernaevia和高山芹属Coelopleurum之间的亲缘关系较近,山芹属Ostericum与它们的亲缘关系较远,这与果实形态、化学分析的结果一致,建议将山芹属作为一个相对独立的分类群处理。(2)ITS序列分析结果支持狭义当归属不是单起源的自然分类群,而应该被分成若干组的观点。(3)ITS序列以及化学成分分析结果表明,前胡属Peucedanum与狭义当归属之间的亲缘关系很近。(4)形态、化学成分以及ITS等多方面分析结果显示,当归A.sinensis与狭义当归属的多数植物之间均有一定的差距,其归属问题值得商榷。(5)ITS序列与化学成分的分析结果均显示藁本属Ligusticum不是一个自然类群。     

前胡族花粉外壁超微结构及其系统学意义(英文)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of pollen grains of 18 species belongingto 18 respective genera of the tribe Peucedaneae Drude revealed distinct ultrastructural difference in thepollen exine, including the thickness and features of rectum, columnar layer, foot layer and endexine. Thesystematic position of those 18 species are re-evaluated based on their ultrastructural characteristics ofpollen exine observed in this study. Seven genera related to Angelica L. in Angelicinae Drude have beendeduced to genus Angelica L. For example, Osterfcum grosseserratum (Maxim.) Kitagawa was changed toAngelica L. by some authors, but it differs from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels in having well developedtectum which is thicker than the columnar layer and foot layer. Its columnar layer is quite well-developedwith long and branched columellae. Besides its surface is tuberculated. Evidently, its development exceedsthat of Angelica sinensis. However, it is only a moderate evolutional species in its genus, and the Angelicasinensis accounts as the most advanced species in Angelica Diels, thus, placing genus Ostencum Hoffm.in Angelica L is not suitable, it may be more appropriate to keep its original position. In addition, Ferulaakitschkensis B. Fedtsch. ex K.-Pol. differs greatly from those of Talassia transiliensis (Herd.) Korov. andSchumannia turcomnnia Kuntze, because of its very well-developed columnar layer, being about four tofive times thicker than the total of tectum and foot layer, tuberculated tectum surface and complicatedstructure of columnellae. As another species Heracleum forrestJ‘iWolff also differs from Semenovia rubtzovii(Schischk.) Monden. in having an even thickness of exine and well-developed columnar layer, it seemssuitable that they should also be treated as two independent genera.     

Initiation of Early Bolting by Pre-Enhancing Anthocyanin and Catalase Activity in Angelica sinensis Tender Leaf during Medicine Formation Cultivation Year

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - To explore physiological roles associated with early bolting (EB) of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, 48 re-green plants transplanted by two sources of...     

不同剂量当归口服对硫化钠致小鼠斑秃模型的影响

目的:探讨当归口服对硫化钠致小鼠斑秃模型的影响及其可能机制。方法:将50只雄性KM小鼠随机均分为空白对照组、模型组和当归高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。模型组和当归高、中、低剂量组均以8%硫化钠酒精溶液局部外涂建立斑秃模型,当归高、中、低剂量组予以不同剂量当归煎剂灌胃,空白对照组和模型组予以等体积生理盐水灌胃,每天1次,连续7 d。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)和苏木-伊红素(HE)染色法分别检测小鼠血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平和单位视野毛囊数,同时对小鼠背部脱毛区毛发生长情况进行评分。结果:模型组毛发生长评分、单位视野毛囊数及血清IL-10水平均显著低于空白对照组(P0.05)。与模型组比较,高、中、低剂量组毛发生长评分、单位视野毛囊数及血清IL-10水平均显著高于模型组(P0.05)。中剂量组组毛发生长评分明显高于高、低剂量组(P0.05),低剂量组评分与高剂量组毛发生长评分、单位视野毛囊数及血清IL-10水平比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:口服当归对硫化钠致斑秃小鼠模型有生发作用,且以中剂量效果最佳,其生发作用可能与提高血清IL-10水平有关。     

当归种子的生态学特性

 当归种子在自然条件下,存放一年后,即失去发芽力,这一问题成为推广“立秋直播”新技术的严重障碍。为查明导致发芽力迅速下降的主要原因,探讨保持发芽力的有效措施,特对当归种子在自然条件下,发芽力的年变化,以及种子含水量(4—20%)、贮种温度(-10一33℃)和发芽温度(5—35℃)等对种子发芽力的影响进行了比较系统的试验分析。结果表明,当归种子属于“耐干藏种子类型”,高温和高湿是降低发芽力的主要因素。若将种子含水量降低到5—8%,并配合以较低的温度(15℃以下),发芽力则可长达三年以上。在当归产区,若能改“常温堆藏法”为“低温、干燥、密闭贮存法”,便可达到妥善保存当归种子的目的。     

当归及其不同炮制品的挥发油提取及成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取生当归及其不同炮制品中的挥发油,应用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定和分析其化学组分.在相同提取方法和测定条件下,从生当归及其不同炮制品饮片中得到的挥发油组分存在一定的差异,主要表现在E-藁本内酯、Z-藁本内酯和Z-丁烯基酞内酯等化合物的含量差异较大.当归经过炮制后其所含挥发油的化学成分组成发生了较大变化,说明不同炮制方法对当归挥发油成分的影响是显著的,表明根据临床应用目的不同对当归进行炮制有一定的物质基础.     

High-performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of Angelica sinensis

An HPLC-PAD-API/MS method for analysing the chemical constituents of Angelica sinensis (A. sinensis) has been developed. ESI and APCI spectra, in both positive ion (PI) and negative ion (NI) modes, provided very useful information concerning the molecular weights of detected compounds. By comparing the retention times, UV spectra, mass spectra and molecular weights of detected compounds with those published in literature, 15 constituents of A. sinensis could be tentatively identified. This technique involving combined MS information may provide an objective, reliable and rapid analytical method for the quality control and database research of traditional Chinese medicines.