幽门螺杆菌感染和服用阿司匹林对消化性溃疡协同致病的研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染与服用阿司匹林对消化性溃疡的分别的作用以及是否存在协同致病或者拮抗作用,了解消化性溃疡发病的致病因素的相互关系。方法选择在2017年6月至2018年6月进入医院进行治疗的250例消化性溃疡患者与250例非消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,探究两组患者在服用相同的药物情况下,幽门螺杆菌感染与使用阿司匹林是否会具有协同致病作用。结果幽门螺杆菌感染合并服用阿司匹林患者胃溃疡OR值明显高于单纯幽门螺杆菌感染者以及单独服用阿司匹林患者之和(P0.05)。服用阿司匹林合并幽门螺杆菌感染十二指肠溃疡的OR值低于单纯幽门螺杆菌感染者以及单纯服用阿司匹林患者之和(P0.05)。胃溃疡合并上消化道出血的患者其服用阿司匹林的OR值为3.30,而十二指肠溃疡合并上消化道出血的患者服用阿司匹林的OR值为3.09,说明服用阿司匹林药物可引发十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡合并出血,幽门螺杆菌感染合并服用阿司匹林胃溃疡并发上消化道出血、十二指肠溃疡并发上消化道出血OR值分别为1.17、3.05。结论幽门螺杆菌感染、服用阿司匹林药物均可增加消化性溃疡发病的风险,对胃溃疡发病具有协同作用,对十二指肠溃疡无协同作用,对消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血无协同致病作用。     

载体介导的幽门螺杆菌NAP疫苗研制现状

幽门螺杆菌感染可引起胃炎、胃和十二指肠溃疡、胃黏膜相关淋巴瘤及胃癌等疾病,采用疫苗防治该菌是当前研究的热点领域之一。中性粒细胞激活蛋白(NAP)是一种有效的疫苗候选分子,我们简要综述了鼠伤寒沙门菌、乳酸乳球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和麻疹病毒等载体介导的幽门螺杆菌NAP疫苗的研制现状。     

抗幽门螺杆菌药物的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)是引起胃炎、胃和十二指肠溃疡乃至胃癌的主要致病菌。近年来,随着大量广谱抗生素的广泛应用使得耐药的幽门螺杆菌菌株呈不断上升趋势,开发高效和高选择性的抗幽门螺杆菌药物已经成为全球关注的课题。本文对近五年来文献报道的抗幽门螺杆菌药物和先导化合物分类进行简要综述,为研究开发幽门螺杆菌感染性疾病的治疗新药提供参考。     

幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗进展

幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,H.pylori,HP)感染是一个世界性问题。人类感染Hp可导致慢性胃炎、胃和十二指肠溃疡、消化性胃黏膜相关的淋巴样组织淋巴瘤和胃腺癌。根除幽门螺杆菌对胃肠疾病的转归和预防有着重要作用。但是由于抗茵药物的滥用,使得对幽门螺杆茵的治疗变得棘手。本文就Hp的致病机制、耐药性问题及治疗方法等的研究进展作一综述。     

端粒酶活性与幽门螺杆菌相关性胃疾病

端粒酶在胃肿瘤的发生发展中可能具有重要作用,幽门螺杆菌感染与胃肠道疾病的关系密切,且幽门螺杆菌已被列为第一类致癌因子,近年来,一些研究显示了幽门螺杆菌感染与端粒酶活性之间存在一定关系,本文就端粒酶与幽门螺杆菌相关性胃疾病予以综述。     

幽门螺杆菌及其疫苗研究现状及前景

幽门螺杆菌与引起慢性胃炎,消化性溃疡,胃癌等密切相关,但在其预防和治疗方面有和是一步探索。本文对幽门螺杆菌疫苗研究的进展进行了综述。今后疫苗可能将有效地预防和治疗幽门螺杆菌所致胃,十二指肠疾病。     

幽门螺杆菌的致病机理研究进展

本文从幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）的流行病学、胃内定居及定居相关因子、胃内生长代谢及代谢产物（包括多种酶和毒素）以及免疫病理等方面综述了近年来对该菌在胃、十二指肠疾病致病机理的研究进展,并提出今后研究方向。     

白介素-1和肿瘤坏死因子-α基因多态性与幽门螺杆菌相关性胃十二指肠疾病的关系

目的探讨汉族人群中IL-1和TNF-α基因多态性与H.pylori相关性胃十二指肠疾病之间的关系。方法选取H.pylori阳性的142例胃十二指肠疾病患者和140例健康对照者,采用PCR-限制性长度片段多态方法检测该人群中IL-1B-511、TNF-A-308、TNF-A-857位点多态性和IL-1受体拮抗剂基因的多态性。结果 IL-1B-511和IL-1RN各基因型的频率在疾病组和对照组中的分布差异无统计学意义。在疾病组中TNF-A-308和TNF-A-857各基因型的频率与对照组比较,分布有差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Logistic回归分析,与携带TNF-A-308G/G者比较,携带TNF-A-308 A/A者发生胃十二指肠疾病的危险性为OR=15.37(95%CI:3.50-67.50);携带TNF-A-308 A/G者发生胃十二指肠疾病的危险性为OR=5.12(95%CI:2.54-10.34);与携带TNF-A-857 C/C者相比较,携带TNF-A-857 T/T者发生胃十二指肠疾病的危险性为OR=3.20(95%CI:1.35-7.60)。结论 IL-1B-511和IL-1RN各基因型与幽门螺杆菌相关性胃十二指肠疾病的发生不相关。TNF-α基因多态性与幽门螺杆菌相关性胃十二指肠疾病的发生相关。     

中西医结合治疗消化性溃疡研究进展

<正>消化性溃疡是一种常见的慢性疾病,包括胃和十二指肠溃疡。主要原因为幽门螺杆菌和非甾体抗炎药损害胃十二指肠黏膜屏障而导致溃疡形成。根据消化性溃疡的主要临床症状如上腹痛、上腹胀闷不适、嗳气反酸等,可将消化性溃疡归属中医胃痛、痞满、吐酸、嘈杂等证范畴。近年来,我国对消化性溃疡的研究不断深入,中西医结合治疗消化性溃疡也取得了较好的治疗效果。现就其治疗研究进展综述如下。1病因病机     

幽门螺杆菌

幽门螺杆菌是一种呈螺旋状或S形、微需氧的革兰阴性杆菌,专一性定居于人胃,是人类慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌和胃MALT淋巴瘤的主要病因。幽门螺杆菌在人群中的感染率非常高,达40%~90%,通常在儿童期感染,而且一经感染,若不根除治疗,将终生携带,携带者是幽门螺杆菌的传染源。幽门螺杆菌感染的诊断有侵入性方法如细菌培养、快速脲酶试验等,亦有非侵入性方法如脲呼吸试验、抗体检测等。幽门螺杆菌感染引起胃-十二指肠疾病的机制涉及细菌本身毒力因子、细菌黏附与定植、宿主炎症/免疫反应、氧化应激、细胞的增殖与凋亡等,情况复杂。迄今,幽门螺杆菌的确切致病机制未有定论。幽门螺杆菌相关疾病的治疗普遍采用根除细菌的抗菌疗法。预防幽门螺杆菌感染以及治疗幽门螺杆菌相关疾病的疫苗正在研究中。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.