共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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中国是世界上薯类生产大国,马铃薯、甘薯和木薯等在农业产业发展中发挥着重要作用。薯类主粮化已成为保障我国粮食安全的新措施,但其基础研究相对于"大作物"如水稻、玉米等还存在较大距离。开展三大薯类(木薯、甘薯和马铃薯)种质创新和新品种培育对推动薯类产业化意义重大,其中分子育种是其遗传改良的生长点和动力。从深化利用种质资源和基于基因组信息的基因挖掘,以及薯类共性和个性生物学问题的联合攻关等重要方面进行综述,阐明了薯类研究现状和趋势,旨为促进薯类分子育种技术的提升提供参考。 相似文献
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我国薯类基础研究的动态与展望 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
《生物技术通报》2015,(4)
中国是世界上薯类生产大国,马铃薯、甘薯和木薯等在农业产业发展中发挥着重要作用。薯类主粮化已成为保障我国粮食安全的新措施,但其基础研究相对于"大作物"如水稻、玉米等还存在较大距离。开展三大薯类(木薯、甘薯和马铃薯)种质创新和新品种培育对推动薯类产业化意义重大,其中分子育种是其遗传改良的生长点和动力。从深化利用种质资源和基于基因组信息的基因挖掘,以及薯类共性和个性生物学问题的联合攻关等重要方面进行综述,阐明了薯类研究现状和趋势,旨为促进薯类分子育种技术的提升提供参考。 相似文献
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木薯储藏根采后生理性变质研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是热带、亚热带地区重要的粮食作物和能源作物.木薯产量很高,储藏根富含淀粉,但收获后采后生理性变质严重,严重影响了木薯的开发和利用.结合近期研究工作,综述了木薯储藏根采后生理性变质的研究进展,包括采后生理性变质的检测标准、生化基础、抗采后生理性变质的杂交育种、以活性氧自由基为主要研究对象的功能基因组学与基因工程、应用前景及存在的问题,以期为木薯储藏根采后生理性变质的遗传改良提供参考. 相似文献
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木薯的再生体系和基因转化方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
木薯是一种很有发展潜力的非常古老的作物,但是木薯的育种工作却处于非常年轻的阶段.随着生命科学技术的发展,木薯育种工作也得到了进一步提高,由传统育种向现代育种转变,从各个方面对木薯品种进行分子改良.本文对近几十年来木薯生物技术研究取得的进展进行了系统的回顾和分析.木薯分子改良包括两个方面:木薯遗传转化体系和基因转化方法的发生、发展.目前研究所用的木薯再生系统途径,主要包括器官发生途径、体细胞胚胎发生途径:常用且有成功先例的木薯基因转化方法,包括农杆菌介导法和基因枪法.最后对前人研究的成果和存在的问题进行了讨论,并展望了以后的发展方向. 相似文献
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能源木薯高淀粉抗逆分子育种研究进展与展望 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是全球重要的粮食作物,也是我国非粮生物质能源发展的主要原材料。长期以来,传统杂交育种是木薯新品种培育的主要手段。随着全球生态的变化和木薯产业发展的推进,需要加速培育抗逆能力强、高淀粉的木薯新品种,因此,利用基因工程针对特定性状开展品种创新表现出巨大的潜力。随着组学技术的发展,在木薯基础研究领域,特别是针对储藏根发育、淀粉富集、逆境响应与调控等方面的研究逐步深入。强化木薯基础理论研究和发展应用技术,对推动能源木薯的产业化发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Uwe Sonnewald Alisdair R. Fernie Wilhelm Gruissem Pascal Schlpfer Ravi B. Anjanappa Shu‐Heng Chang Frank Ludewig Uwe Rascher Onno Muller Anna M. van Doorn Ismail Y. Rabbi Wolfgang Zierer 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2020,103(5):1655-1665
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the important staple foods in Sub‐Saharan Africa. It produces starchy storage roots that provide food and income for several hundred million people, mainly in tropical agriculture zones. Increasing cassava storage root and starch yield is one of the major breeding targets with respect to securing the future food supply for the growing population of Sub‐Saharan Africa. The Cassava Source–Sink (CASS) project aims to increase cassava storage root and starch yield by strategically integrating approaches from different disciplines. We present our perspective and progress on cassava as an applied research organism and provide insight into the CASS strategy, which can serve as a blueprint for the improvement of other root and tuber crops. Extensive profiling of different field‐grown cassava genotypes generates information for leaf, phloem, and root metabolic and physiological processes that are relevant for biotechnological improvements. A multi‐national pipeline for genetic engineering of cassava plants covers all steps from gene discovery, cloning, transformation, molecular and biochemical characterization, confined field trials, and phenotyping of the seasonal dynamics of shoot traits under field conditions. Together, the CASS project generates comprehensive data to facilitate conventional breeding strategies for high‐yielding cassava genotypes. It also builds the foundation for genome‐scale metabolic modelling aiming to predict targets and bottlenecks in metabolic pathways. This information is used to engineer cassava genotypes with improved source–sink relations and increased yield potential. 相似文献
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Field testing and exploitation of genetically modified cassava with low-amylose or amylose-free starch in Indonesia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Koehorst-van Putten HJ Sudarmonowati E Herman M Pereira-Bertram IJ Wolters AM Meima H de Vetten N Raemakers CJ Visser RG 《Transgenic research》2012,21(1):39-50
The development and testing in the field of genetically modified -so called- orphan crops like cassava in tropical countries
is still in its infancy, despite the fact that cassava is not only used for food and feed but is also an important industrial
crop. As traditional breeding of cassava is difficult (allodiploid, vegetatively propagated, outbreeding species) it is an
ideal crop for improvement through genetic modification. We here report on the results of production and field testing of
genetically modified low-amylose transformants of commercial cassava variety Adira4 in Indonesia. Twenty four transformants
were produced and selected in the Netherlands based on phenotypic and molecular analyses. Nodal cuttings of these plants were
sent to Indonesia where they were grown under biosafety conditions. After two screenhouse tests 15 transformants remained
for a field trial. The tuberous root yield of 10 transformants was not significantly different from the control. Starch from
transformants in which amylose was very low or absent showed all physical and rheological properties as expected from amylose-free
cassava starch. The improved functionality of the starch was shown for an adipate acetate starch which was made into a tomato
sauce. This is the first account of a field trial with transgenic cassava which shows that by using genetic modification it
is possible to obtain low-amylose cassava plants with commercial potential with good root yield and starch quality. 相似文献
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紧凑株型与深根系结构是现代作物实现机械化种植和密植高产的理想株型形态,也是改良农作物遗传性状的目标之一。IGT基因家族参与作物株型的调节,主要由DRO1(DEEPER ROOTING 1)、TAC1(TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1)和LA1(LAZY 1)三个亚族组成,通过植物激素和相关蛋白的调控参与作物形态构建。以单子叶作物水稻、玉米以及双子叶模式植物拟南芥和作物油菜为代表,综述了IGT基因家族成员在调控单双子叶作物形态中的进展,特别是在分枝(蘖)角度和侧根向重力性中的相关机制及异同,以期为深入研究作物形态构建的调控机制和培育高产、耐密植以及适应机械化收获理想株型作物提供理论参考。 相似文献
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David M. Rosenthal Rebecca A. Slattery Rebecca E. Miller Aleel K. Grennan Timothy R. Cavagnaro Claude M. Fauquet Roslyn M. Gleadow Donald R. Ort 《Global Change Biology》2012,18(8):2661-2675
Globally, cassava is the second most important root crop after potatoes and the fifth most important crop overall in terms of human caloric intake. In addition to its growing global importance for feed, fuel, and starch, cassava has long been vital to food security in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Climate change is expected to have its most severe impact on crops in food insecure regions, yet little is known about how cassava productivity will respond to climate change. The most important driver of climate change is globally increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]). However, the potential for cassava to enhance food security in an elevated [CO2] world is uncertain as greenhouse and open top chamber (OTC) study reports are ambiguous. Studies have yielded misleading results in the past regarding the effect of elevated [CO2] on crop productivity, particularly in cases where pots restricted sink growth. To resolve these conflicting results, we compare the response of cassava to growth at ambient (ca. 385 ppm) and elevated [CO2] (585 ppm) under field conditions and fully open air [CO2] elevation. After three and half months of growth at elevated [CO2], above ground biomass was 30% greater and cassava root tuber dry mass increased over 100% (fresh weight increased 89%). High photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2], larger canopies, and a large sink capacity all contributed to cassava's growth and yield stimulation. Cassava exhibited photosynthetic acclimation via decreased Rubisco capacity early in the season prior to root tuber initiation when sink capacity was smaller. Importantly, and in contrast to a greenhouse study, we found no evidence of increased leaf N or total cyanide concentration in elevated [CO2]. All of our results are consistent with theoretical expectations; however, the magnitude of the yield increase reported here surpasses all other C3 crops and thus exceeds expectations. 相似文献
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Astride S. M. Djabou Luiz J. C. B. Carvalho Qing X. Li Nicolas Niemenak Songbi Chen 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2017,39(4):91
Postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) of cassava (Manihot esculenta) storage roots is a complex physiological and biochemical process which involve many regulatory networks linked with specific proteins modulation and signaling transduction pathways. However, it is poorly understood regarding biological regulation, and the interactions among protein groups and signals to determine PPD syndrome in cassava storage roots. This review sheds some light on the possible molecular mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium signaling transduction, and programmed cell death (PCD) in cassava PPD syndrome. A model for predicting crosstalk among calcium signaling, ROS and PCD is suggested to fine-tune PPD syndrome. This would clues to cassava molecular breeding to alleviate the PPD effects on the shelf-life. 相似文献
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生物育种新技术作物的安全管理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生物育种新技术(new breeding techniques,NBTs)是指基于分子生物学工具进行作物分子育种的一类新技术,可以短期内使作物产生新的有利性状,促进作物新品种的开发,如基因编辑技术、RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)技术、同源转基因技术等。这些新技术目前正在全球农业育种中广泛应用,并且已有部分作物新品种获准商业化生产。然而,针对生物育种新技术产生的作物新品种的安全性和安全管理政策,全球尚未达成统一共识,对其安全监管的思考也不尽相同,限制了这些作物新品种的研发和商业化应用进程。综述了现阶段全球主要发达国家对于生物育种新技术作物的安全性和监管方面实施的管理政策和法规,以期对我国生物育种新技术作物的安全性管理政策的制定提供一定的借鉴。 相似文献
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Ferguson ME Hearne SJ Close TJ Wanamaker S Moskal WA Town CD de Young J Marri PR Rabbi IY de Villiers EP 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(4):685-695
The availability of genomic resources can facilitate progress in plant breeding through the application of advanced molecular
technologies for crop improvement. This is particularly important in the case of less researched crops such as cassava, a
staple and food security crop for more than 800 million people. Here, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from five
drought stressed and well-watered cassava varieties. Two cDNA libraries were developed: one from root tissue (CASR), the other
from leaf, stem and stem meristem tissue (CASL). Sequencing generated 706 contigs and 3,430 singletons. These sequences were
combined with those from two other EST sequencing initiatives and filtered based on the sequence quality. Quality sequences
were aligned using CAP3 and embedded in a Windows browser called HarvEST:Cassava which is made available. HarvEST:Cassava
consists of a Unigene set of 22,903 quality sequences. A total of 2,954 putative SNPs were identified. Of these 1,536 SNPs
from 1,170 contigs and 53 cassava genotypes were selected for SNP validation using Illumina’s GoldenGate assay. As a result
1,190 SNPs were validated technically and biologically. The location of validated SNPs on scaffolds of the cassava genome
sequence (v.4.1) is provided. A diversity assessment of 53 cassava varieties reveals some sub-structure based on the geographical
origin, greater diversity in the Americas as opposed to Africa, and similar levels of diversity in West Africa and southern,
eastern and central Africa. The resources presented allow for improved genetic dissection of economically important traits
and the application of modern genomics-based approaches to cassava breeding and conservation. 相似文献
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Cassava biology and physiology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cassava or manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a perennial shrub of the New World, currently is the sixth world food crop for more than 500 million people in tropical and sub-tropical Africa, Asia and Latin America. It is cultivated mainly by resource-limited small farmers for its starchy roots, which are used as human food either fresh when low in cyanogens or in many processed forms and products, mostly starch, flour, and for animal feed. Because of its inherent tolerance to stressful environments, where other food crops would fail, it is often considered a food-security source against famine, requiring minimal care. Under optimal environmental conditions, it compares favorably in production of energy with most other major staple food crops due to its high yield potential. Recent research at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) in Colombia has demonstrated the ability of cassava to assimilate carbon at very high rates under high levels of humidity, temperature and solar radiation, which correlates with productivity across all environments whether dry or humid. When grown on very poor soils under prolonged drought for more than 6 months, the crop reduce both its leaf canopy and transpiration water loss, but its attached leaves remain photosynthetically active, though at greatly reduced rates. The main physiological mechanism underlying such a remarkable tolerance to drought was rapid stomatal closure under both atmospheric and edaphic water stress, protecting the leaf against dehydration while the plant depletes available soil water slowly during long dry periods. This drought tolerance mechanism leads to high crop water use efficiency values. Although the cassava fine root system is sparse, compared to other crops, it can penetrate below 2 m soil, thus enabling the crop to exploit deep water if available. Leaves of cassava and wildManihotpossess elevated activities of the C4 enzyme PEP carboxylase but lack the leaf Kranz anatomy typical of C4 species, pointing to the need for further research on cultivated and wild Manihot to further improve its photosynthetic potential and yield, particularly under stressful environments. Moreover, a wide range in values of K
m (CO2) for the C3 photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco was found among cassava cultivars indicating the possibility of selection for higher affinity to CO2, and consequently higher leaf photosynthesis. Several plant traits that may be of value in crop breeding and improvement have been identified, such as an extensive fine root system, long leaf life, strong root sink and high leaf photosynthesis. Selection of parental materials for tolerance to drought and infertile soils under representative field conditions have resulted in developing improved cultivars that have high yields in favorable environments while producing reasonable and stable yields under stress. 相似文献