抗真菌多肽APS-1的分离纯化与特性

蜡状芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｃｅｒｅｕｓ）Ｓ１菌株对多种作物真菌性病害有良好的防效。本文报道了Ｓ１菌株产生的抗真菌物质的纯化及其部分特性。该菌株的发酵液经过酸沉淀和有机溶剂抽提、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００与ＤＥＡＥ５２柱层析等步骤后,抗真菌物质得到纯化,硅胶薄层层析显色为单点。该物质在２７５ｎｍ处有吸收峰,对蛋白酶有一定耐受性,茚三酮反应呈阴性,但酸水解后,茚三酮反应呈阳性,双缩脲反应也呈阳性。氨基酸组分分析结果表明,该物质由谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸和一种异常氨基酸组成。推测该物质为一种环状多肽,命名为ＡＰＳ１。紫外光照射和高压灭菌处理后,ＡＰＳ１的抗真菌活性损失不大。平板抑菌试验结果表明,ＡＰＳ１对９种供试真菌的孢子萌发有抑制作用,其完全抑制浓度因真菌种类不同而有差异     

马铃薯Y病毒普通系外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

将马铃薯Ｙ病毒普通系（ＰＶＹ０）的外壳蛋白基因克隆到表达质粒ｐＭＡＬｃ２中,构建这一基因在大肠杆菌中的表达载体ｐＭＡＬｃ２ＰＶＹ０ＣＰ。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ检测结果表明,这一表达栽体在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＤＨ５α中经ＩＰＴＧ诱导可表达分子量为７１．８ｋＤａ的特异性融合蛋白。以ａｍｙｌｏｓｅｒｅｓｉｎ亲合柱层析纯化这一融合蛋白为抗原,免疫家兔制备了效价为１∶１０２４的特异性抗血清。用该抗血清可通过对流免疫电泳、免疫双扩散及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ对ＰＶＹ进行检测     

汉坦病毒陈株S基因编码区的克隆,序列分析及表达

从汉坦病毒陈株感染的ＶｅｒｏＥ６细胞裂解液中提取病毒ＲＮＡ,经逆转录ＰＣＲ获得病毒Ｓ基因编码区约１．３ｋｂｃＤＮＡ片段,克隆该片段后进行核苷酸序列测定,并与汉坦病毒７６１１８株进行同源性比较,结果二者核苷酸序列同源性为８６％,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为９７％。将该基因片段插入原核表达载体ｐＧＥＸ４Ｔ１,在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达。表达产物为ＧＳＴＮＰ融合蛋白。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ检测表达蛋白分子约７２ｋＤ左右。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ和ＥＬＩＳＡ试验结果表明,表达产物可与多株抗汉坦病毒核蛋白的ＭｃＡｂ发生反应,其抗原表位及ＭｃＡｂ反应谱与７６１１８株相比存在某些差异。     

一种新的微量蛋白电泳及超敏感染色技术(英文)

ＡＮｅｗＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｏｆＭｉｃｒｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｏｒｅｓｉｓａｎｄＵｌｔｒａｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅＳｔａｉｎｉｎｇ１ＰＡＮＧＧｕａｎｇｃｈａｎｇ２,ＺＨＡＯＤｏｎｇｘｕ３,ＹＡＮＧＸｉｎｌｉｎＣＨＥＮＧｕａｎｇｗｅｎ...     

地衣芽孢杆菌β—甘露聚糖酶的纯化及其性质的研究

地衣芽孢杆菌１Ｂａｃｉｕｕｓ Ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）ＢＬ－３０６产生的胞外β－甘露聚糖酶经硫酸铵分级盐析,ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱层析。Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ－Ｇ１００柱凝胶过滤和ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素柱再层析分离纯化,得到ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）均一样品。用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测得纯化后β－甘露聚糖酶分子量为２６０００道尔顿。用凝胶等电聚焦电泳（ＰＡＧＥＩＥＦ）测得等电点ＰＩ为５．０。该酶     

抗癌胚抗原单链抗体基因在家蚕细胞和幼虫中的表达

将抗癌胚抗原（ＣＥＡ）单链抗体基因插入家蚕杆状病毒转移载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫＨｉｓ, 与修饰的家蚕核型多角体病毒ＢｍＢａｃＰＡＫＤＮＡ共转染家蚕细胞, 经同源重组得到含有在多角体蛋白基因启动子控制下的抗ＣＥＡＳｃＦｖ 基因的重组病毒ＢｍＢａｃＳｃＦｖ。用重组病毒分别感染家蚕细胞和幼虫, 在两者中均得到了高效表达, 产物分子量为２８ｋＤ, 前者占细胞总蛋白的６ ％ , 后者为０ ．３ ｍｇ／ 蚕。目的基因在家蚕细胞和幼虫中表达产物经Ｎｉ２＋ＩＤＡＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ６Ｂ亲和柱纯化, 前者纯度可达９０％ 以上, 后者纯度较低; 纯化后的融合蛋白具有ＣＥＡ 结合活力, 其亲和常数分别为５ ．４×１０８／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 和２．３ ×１０８／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ , 略低于其亲本单抗Ｅ７Ｂ１０ ２．７ ×１０９／ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ 。     

地衣芽孢杆菌β—甘露聚糖酶的纯化及酶学性质

地衣芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）ＮＫ－２７菌株发酵产生的β－甘露聚糖酶（β－ｍａｎｎａｎａｓｅ）经硫酸铵盐析沉淀,两次ＤＥＡＥ纤维素和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００离子交换柱层析以及制备ＰＡＧＥ等步骤,获得了凝胶电泳均一的样品。用ＳＤＳ－凝胶电泳测得纯化后的β－甘露聚糖酶分子量为２６ｋＤ,用凝胶聚焦电泳测得等电点Ｐ１为５．０。酶反应的最适ｐＨ为９．０,最适温度为６０℃,稳     

枯草芽孢杆菌B034拮抗蛋白的分离纯化及特性分析

枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）Ｂ０３４分离自水稻叶面,对水稻白叶枯病菌具有较强的拮抗能力。除去菌体培养液以７０％饱和度硫酸铵沉淀所得的拮抗物粗提液对热稳定,对胰蛋白酶不敏感,对蛋白酶Ｋ、链霉蛋白酶Ｅ部分敏感,对氯仿部分敏感,其作用的活性ｐＨ范围低至４,高至１２以上,比较耐碱性。粗提液经ＰｈｅｎｙｌＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ４Ｂ柱层析、ＤＥＡＥＳｅｐｈａｃｅｌ柱层析和ＨＰＬＣ的Ｓｕｐｅｒｄｅｘ７５ＨＲ１０／３０柱层析,得到二个拮抗活性峰：Ｐ１和Ｐ２。Ｐ２经ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ和ＰＡＧＥＩＥＦ电泳显示为单一蛋白带,分子量５０３ｋＤ,等电点６２５。自动Ｅｄｍａｎ降解法从Ｐ２的Ｎ端测出残基序列为ＩｌｅＳｅｒＡｓｎＰｒｏＸＩｌｅＡｓｐＶａｌ     

小麦根质膜H^＋—ATPase的部分纯化

以小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）根为材料,采用不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心法制备高纯度质膜微囊。质膜经ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００和ＫＣｌ处理后,再用Ｚｗｉｔｅｒｇｅｎｔ３１４增溶Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ,最后用硫酸铵沉淀得到部分纯化的质膜Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ结果表明,经过上述步骤纯化,分子量为９４ｋＤ的膜蛋白组分得到富集;与质膜相比,其含量提高１５．７倍。部分纯化的质膜Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ可以水解ＡＴＰ,受Ｋ＋刺激,并被Ｎ,Ｎ′ｄｉｃｙｃｌｏｈｅｘｙｌｃａｒｂｏｄｉｍｉｄｅ（ＤＣＣＤ）抑制;ＡＴＰ水解活力被Ｎａ３ＶＯ４抑制９５％,但不被ＮａＮ３、ＮａＮＯ３和Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４抑制。     

拟南芥吲哚—3—甘油磷酸合酶免疫分析

吲哚３甘油磷酸合酶（ＩＧＳ,ｉｎｄｏｌｅ３ｇｌｙｃｅｒｏｌｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ,ＥＣ４．１．１．４８）在色氨酸与吲哚乙酸的生物合成途径中,催化生成吲哚３甘油磷酸。研究该基因的表达调控,对于阐明高等植物是如何调控色氨酸及生长素合成是十分重要的。利用已克隆的ＩＧＳｃＤＮＡ,构建了谷胱甘肽转移酶（ＧＳＴ,ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅＳｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｓｅ,ＥＣ２．５．１．１８）与吲哚３甘油磷酸合酶融合蛋白的表达质粒,并将其导入到在异丙基βＤ硫代半乳糖苷（ＩＰＴＧ）诱导下能高效表达的ＩＧＳ基因缺陷菌株ｔｒｐＣ９８００λＫＣ大肠杆菌中。高表达的融合蛋白通过谷胱甘肽琼脂糖（ｇｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅａｇａｒｏｓｅ）亲和层析和ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纯化后,用以免疫兔子制备抗血清。免疫印迹法分析表明拟南芥（Ａｒａｂｉｄｏｐｓｉｓｔｈａｌｉａｎａ（Ｌ．）Ｈｅｙｎｈ．）四种常用生态型只合成一种分子量约为４０ｋＤ的吲哚３甘油磷酸合酶蛋白。在Ａｇ＋、紫外线等逆境条件下,ＩＧＳ含量都有较大幅度的增加,这说明ＩＧＳ可能与植物的防御反应紧密相关。     

A sunflower leaf antifungal peptide active against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

A 5-kDa antifungal peptide (APS) was isolated from Helianthus annum L. (line HA89) leaves infected with a virulent isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. AP5 was purified by gel filtration, cation exchange chromatography and reverse phase FPLC and HPLC. This peptide in vitro inhibits ascospores germination of the fungal pathogen S. sclerotiorum or produces mycelial growth inhibition, depending on its concentration. The effective concentration of AP5 giving 50% growth inhibition (IC₅₀) against S. sclerotiorum was 0.4 μM. The antifungal efficacy of AP5 is higher than that of other antimicrobial proteins already described that have no appreciable effect on S. sclemtiorum below 4 μM. The relevance of this finding with regard to the function of AP5 in sunflower resistance to pathogens is discussed.     

Antifungal cyclopeptolide from fungal saprophytic antagonist Ulocladium atrum

The saprophytic fungus Ulocladium atrum Preuss is a promising biological control agent for Botrytis cinerea in greenhouse- and field-grown crops. However, despite its known potent antifungal activity, no antifungal substance has yet been reported. In an effort to characterize the antifungal substance from U atrum, we isolated an antibiotic peptide. Based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, its structure was established as a cyclopeptolide with a high portion of N-methylated amino acids, and its 1H and 13C chemical shifts were completely assigned based on extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compound 1 exhibited potent antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea and moderate activity against Alternaria alternate and Magnaporthe grisea.     

First isolation of a novel thermostable antifungal peptide secreted by Aspergillus clavatus

A novel antifungal peptide produced by an indigenous fungal strain (VR) of Aspergillus clavatus was purified. The antifungal peptide was enriched in the supernatant after heat treatment at 70 degrees C. The thermostable character was exploited in the first purification step, as purified peptide was obtained after ultrafiltration and reverse phase-HPLC on C18 column application. The purified peptide named "AcAFP" for A. clavatus antifungal peptide, has molecular mass of 5773Da determined by MALDI-ToF spectrometry. The N-terminal sequence showed a notable identity to the limited family of antifungal peptides produced by ascomycetes fungi. The AcAFP activity remains intact even after heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 1h confirming its thermostability. It exhibits a strong inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of several serious human and plant pathogenic fungi: Fusariuym oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, whereas AcAFP did not affect yeast and bacterial growth.     

Identification of an antifungal peptide from Trapa natans fruits with inhibitory effects on Candida tropicalis biofilm formation

Due to recent emergence of fungal pathogens resistant to current antifungal therapies, several studies have been focused on screening of plant peptides to find novel compounds having antifungal activities. Here, a novel antifungal plant peptide, with molecular mass of 1230 Da was purified from fruits of Trapa natans by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography using 300SB-C18 column and named as Tn-AFP1. Determination of complete amino acid sequences of this peptide by tandem mass spectrometry showed to contain following eleven amino acid residues: LMCTHPLDCSN. Purified Tn-AFP1 showed the inhibition of Candida tropicalis growth in vitro and disrupted the biofilm formation in a concentration dependent manner. It also showed downregulation of MDR1 and ERG11 gene expression in real time-PCR analysis. In silico molecular modeling predicted the structure of Tn-AFP1 as a single coil attached by a unique disulfide bond. Characterization of Tn-AFP1 could contribute in designing novel derivative(s) of this peptide for the development of more effective antimycotic compounds.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌活性物质的分离纯化及抑菌活性研究

植物真菌病害给农业生产带来了巨大损失，因此对生物农药的开发迫在眉睫。从堆肥中分离得到一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌，它具有强烈的抗真菌活性。其发酵液经硫酸胺沉淀得到粗提液，粗提液经Hiprep 26/10 Desalting，HiLoad 26/10 Q Sepharose和HPLC多步柱层析，分离纯化得到一种抗真菌活性物质。ESI-MS质谱法测得其分子量为1498 Da。经活性检测发现，该纯物质对尖孢镰刀菌、草莓蛇病菌等植物病原真菌具有很强的抑制作用，对毛霉、黑曲霉等食品腐败菌也有抑制作用。经过显微镜观测，该物质可造成草莓蛇病菌菌丝生长异常，表现在菌丝弯曲，顶端膨大，分生孢子数量减少。     

Characterization of the phosphorylated enzyme intermediate formed in the adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase reaction.

Adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) kinase (ATP:APS 3'-phosphotransferase) catalyzes the ultimate step in the biosynthesis of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), the primary biological sulfuryl donor. APS kinase from Escherichia coli is phosphorylated upon incubation with ATP, yielding a protein that can complete the overall reaction through phosphorylation of APS. Rapid-quench kinetic experiments show that, in the absence of APS, ATP phosphorylates the enzyme with a rate constant of 46 s-1, which is equivalent to the Vmax for the overall APS kinase reaction. Similar pre-steady-state kinetic measurements show that the rate constant for transfer of the phosphoryl group from E-P to APS is 91 s-1. Thus, the phosphorylated enzyme is kinetically competent to be on the reaction path. In order to elucidate which amino acid residue is phosphorylated, and thus to define the active site region of APS kinase, we have determined the complete sequence of cysC, the structural gene for this enzyme in E. coli. The coding region contains 603 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 22,321 Da. Near the amino terminus is the sequence 35GLSGSGKS, which exemplifies a motif known to interact with the beta-phosphoryl group of purine nucleotides. The residue that is phosphorylated upon incubation with ATP has been identified as serine-109 on the basis of the amino acid composition of a radiolabeled peptide purified from a proteolytic digest of 32P-labeled enzyme. We have identified a sequence beginning at residue 147 which may reflect a PAPS binding site. This sequence was identified in the carboxy terminal region of 10 reported sequences of proteins of PAPS metabolism.     

A potent antifungal protein from Helianthus annuus flowersis a trypsin inhibitor

A 16-kDa protein was isolated from Helianthus annuus flowers by its ability to inhibit the germination of fungal spores. This protein, SAP16, displays an associated activity of trypsin inhibitor and was further purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography on trypsin-agarose. SAP16 causes the complete inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ascospores germination at a concentration of 5 μg·mL^–1 (0.31 μM) and a clear reduction of mycelial growth at lower concentrations, indicating a strong antifungal potency against this natural pathogen of sunflower. Our data suggest that the antifungal ability of SAP16 would not be the result of the inhibition of a fungal protease. This study contributes to the characterization of the emerging family of antifungal proteins with an associated activity of trypsin inhibition and emphasizes their role in plant resistance against fungal attack.     

来源于解淀粉芽胞杆菌的芸薹根肿菌抑菌活性物质的分离与鉴定

十字花科根肿病是由芸薹根肿菌引起的较为严重的世界性病害之一,至今还无有效控制该病害的生物农药。本研究通过盆栽实验,筛选到一株解淀粉芽胞杆菌HB_26,对根肿病原菌具有60%以上的抑制活性。通过高效液相质谱(LC_MS)对活性物质进行分离纯化,根据分子量和紫外吸收光谱初步鉴定活性物质为肽类,命名为BA30。抑真菌实验证明BA30在150μg·mL-1的浓度下,对小麦赤霉和灰霉病菌有70%的抑菌活性,对蚕豆锈病和水稻纹枯病菌有50%的抑菌活性,对番茄早疫病菌有30%的抑菌活性。     

Wide-range antifungal antagonism of Paenibacillus ehimensis IB-X-b and its dependence on chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase production

Previously, we isolated a strain of Bacillus that had antifungal activity and produced lytic enzymes with fungicidal potential. In the present study, we identified the bacterium as Paenibacillus ehimensis and further explored its antifungal properties. In liquid co-cultivation assays, P. ehimensis IB-X-b decreased biomass production of several pathogenic fungi by 45%-75%. The inhibition was accompanied by degradation of fungal cell walls and alterations in hyphal morphology. Residual medium from cultures of P. ehimensis IB-X-b inhibited fungal growth, indicating the inhibitors were secreted into the medium. Of the 2 major lytic enzymes, chitinases were only induced by chitin-containing substrates, whereas beta-1,3-glucanase showed steady levels in all carbon sources. Both purified chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase degraded cell walls of macerated fungal mycelia, whereas only the latter also degraded cell walls of intact mycelia. The results indicate synergism between the antifungal action mechanisms of these enzymes in which beta-1,3-glucanase is the initiator of the cell wall hydrolysis, whereas the degradation process is reinforced by chitinases. Paenibacillus ehimensis IB-X-b has pronounced antifungal activity with a wide range of fungi and has potential as a biological control agent against plant pathogenic fungi.     

拮抗菌TG26的鉴定及其抗菌蛋白BI的纯化和部分特性

从丝瓜根部分离出来的桔抗菌ＴＧ２６,根据形态特征和生理生化特性,鉴定为枯草芽抱杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）。该菌株能分泌大量的抗菌蛋白,经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０柱和ＦＰＬＣＭｏｎｏＱ柱层析后得到单一组分的抗菌蛋白,命名为ＢＩ。ＢＩ能抑制多种植物病原菌的生长,对热稳定,对蛋白酶部分敏感。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和等电聚焦电泳测定其分子量约１４．５ｋＤ,等电点为５．５８。氨基酸组成分析表明,该蛋白宫含谷氨酸、酪氨酸和脯氨酸;并测定了Ｎ末端氨基酸的部分序列。