棉铃虫不同发育阶段微粒体P450酶系组成和活性的比较

比较了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 6龄幼虫、蛹、成虫微粒体P450单加氧酶系组成及其活性。P450含量在6龄幼虫中肠>（脂肪体=蛹）>成虫,NADPH-细胞色素还原酶在幼虫中肠>幼虫脂肪体>蛹>成虫;6龄幼虫脂肪体微粒体与蛹脂肪体微粒体P450含量相近,但NADPH-细胞色素还原酶活性前者是后者的4.2倍;成虫微粒体的细胞色素P450和NADPH细胞色素P450还原酶含量很低,几乎未检测出。用对-硝基苯甲醚和艾氏剂为底物测定P450酶系活性表明,与6龄幼虫相比,蛹和成虫具有极低的单加氧酶活性,其O-脱甲基酶活性未检出,艾氏剂环氧化酶活性比幼虫低2～3个数量级。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺诱导甜菜夜蛾细胞色素P450基因上调表达

【目的】明确氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)细胞色素P450基因的诱导表达作用。【方法】采用O-脱乙基香豆素法研究了低剂量氯虫苯甲酰胺处理对甜菜夜蛾幼虫中肠P450s酶活性的影响,应用Real-time PCR方法测定了其对P450基因(CYP9A9, CYP4G37,CYP4S11和CYP6B)和NADPH细胞色素P450还原酶基因(HQ852049)表达的影响。【结果】氯虫苯甲酰胺对甜菜夜蛾P450酶及相关基因的诱导作用均表现出时间效应和剂量效应,。甜菜夜蛾4龄幼虫取食0.02 mg/kg氯虫苯甲酰胺饲料至5龄, 在蜕皮后6-36 h内, 其P450s酶活性增加为对照组的1.90~2.92倍, 诱导效应高于0.01 mg/kg氯虫苯甲酰胺处理组（其P450s酶活性为对照组的1.11~1.62倍）。同时, 0.02 mg/kg氯虫苯甲酰胺处理组甜菜夜蛾中肠P450基因CYP9A9, CYP4G37和CYP6B mRNA的相对表达量分别上升为对照组的1.97~3.95, 2.46~4.29及1.53~4.48倍, NADPH细胞色素P450还原酶基因 HQ852049 的相对表达量亦增加为对照的1.85~4.08倍。【结论】结果提示,氯虫苯甲酰胺可能通过诱导3种P450基因及细胞色素P450还原酶基因 HQ852049 基因mRNA的上调表达而增强了甜菜夜蛾幼虫中肠P450s酶活性。     

氰戊菊酯和苯巴比妥钠对敏感和抗性棉铃虫中肠多功能氧化酶系的诱导作用

用苯巴比妥钠（2mg/g）和氰戊菊酯（0.2mg/g）拌饲料处理,对敏感品系棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera中肠的细胞色素P450和细胞色素c还原酶含量均具有明显的诱导作用（两者都使细胞色素P450含量提高了2.24倍,使细胞色素c还原酶的含量分别提高1.33和1.40倍）,但对细胞色素b5诱导作用不显著（仅为对照的1.23和1.15倍）;此外,苯巴比妥钠对敏感棉铃虫中肠的艾氏剂环氧化酶活性和甲氧试卤灵-O-脱甲基酶活性也有显著的诱导作用（分别提高了2.75和2.66倍）,但对7-乙氧香豆素-O-脱乙基酶活性没有诱导作用,而氰戊菊酯对敏感棉铃虫中肠的艾氏剂环氧化酶活性则有2.02倍的诱导作用。同一浓度的苯巴比妥钠和氰戊菊酯使抗性品系棉铃虫中肠的细胞色素P450含量分别提高1.21和1.15倍,使细胞色素c还原酶含量分别提高1.48和1.86倍（差异显著）,但是细胞色素b₅含量没有明显变化（分别为对照的1.15和0.98倍）;此外,氰戊菊酯能使抗性棉铃虫中肠的艾氏剂环氧化酶活性提高1.53倍,但苯巴比妥钠对该酶活性则有明显抑制作用。     

吡虫啉胁迫对意大利蜜蜂哺育蜂免疫解毒相关基因表达及酶活力的影响

蜜蜂作为世界上最重要的授粉性昆虫,在采集过程中易接触到杀虫剂,前人研究表明新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉（imidaclorprid）影响意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica（简称“意蜂”）的存活和舞蹈、采集等行为。本研究旨在探究亚致死剂量吡虫啉胁迫对意大利蜜蜂哺育蜂（8日龄成年工蜂）免疫解毒相关基因表达、免疫解毒酶系活力及存活率的影响。结果显示哺育蜂连续取食3 d和9 d含0.1 ng/μL吡虫啉的蔗糖液后,其存活率与对照组（饲喂含等量丙酮的蔗糖溶液）无显著差异;连续饲喂11 d含0.1 ng/μL吡虫啉的50%蔗糖溶液后,其存活率与对照组有显著差异。荧光定量PCR检测及双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验结果显示哺育蜂取食吡虫啉3 d后,蜜蜂体内免疫基因多酚氧化酶基因（PPOA3,GB43738）,Abaecin类抗菌肽基因（ABA,GB18323）,葡萄糖脱氢酶基因（GLD, GB43007）和解毒基因细胞色素P450基因（CYP450 6a2,GB49876）,细胞色素B561基因（CYB561 2-like,GB40148）,葡萄糖醛酸转移酶（UDP-glucuronosyltransferase,GB52179）的表达及蜂体内体内细胞色素P450酶（cytochrome P450,CYP450）含量均有上调趋势,超氧化物岐化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）均有显著下调趋势;哺育蜂取食吡虫啉9 d后,PPOA3,ABA,GLD,CYP450 6a2,CYB561 2-like,UDP-glucuronosyltransferase的表达及蜂体内体内细胞色素P450酶含量均有下调趋势,多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶酶活力均有显著下调趋势。本研究在分子水平上提供了亚致死剂量吡虫啉是通过扰乱蜜蜂正常的免疫系统进而影响蜜蜂行为的证据,以期为维护蜜蜂健康提供一定的理论依据。     

亚致死剂量吡虫啉胁迫对意大利蜜蜂内勤蜂与外勤蜂免疫解毒相关基因表达及免疫解毒酶系活力的影响

摘要: 【目的】吡虫啉(imidaclorprid)是广泛使用的新烟碱类杀虫剂之一。大量研究表明亚致死剂量吡虫啉影响意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica(简称“意蜂”)幼虫的发育和成年蜜蜂的采集、学习等行为。本实验旨在探究亚致死剂量吡虫啉对意大利蜜蜂内勤蜂(1日龄成年工蜂)与外勤蜂(21日龄成年工蜂)免疫解毒相关基因表达及免疫解毒酶系活力的影响,进而为蜜蜂健康的维护提供科学依据。【方法】测定饲喂含0.1 ng/μL吡虫啉的50%蔗糖溶液不同时间后意蜂成年工蜂的存活率;利用荧光定量PCR检测饲喂含0.1 ng/μL吡虫啉的50%蔗糖溶液6 d后其体内免疫基因多酚氧化酶基因(PPOA3, GenBank登录号： GB43738), Abaecin类抗菌肽基因(ABA, GenBank登录号： GB18323),葡萄糖脱氢酶基因(GLD, GenBank登录号： GB43007)和解毒基因细胞色素P450基因(CYP450 6a2, GenBank登录号： GB49876)的表达,并采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验测定其体内细胞色素P450酶(cytochrome P450, CYP450)含量和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活力。【结果】1日龄和21日龄意蜂成年工蜂连续饲喂6 d含0.1 ng/μL吡虫啉的50%蔗糖溶液后,其存活率与对照组(饲喂含0.1 ng/μL丙酮的50%蔗糖溶液)无显著差异;连续饲喂9 d含0.1 ng/μL吡虫啉的50%蔗糖溶液后,1日龄意蜂成年工蜂存活率与对照组无显著差异,而21日龄意蜂成年工蜂存活率与对照组有显著差异。1日龄意蜂成年工蜂自由取食含0.1 ng/μL吡虫啉的蔗糖溶液6 d后, PPOA3, CYP450 6a2, ABA和GLD表达水平,细胞色素P450含量以及多酚氧化酶活力与对照组相比均有显著下调趋势;而21日龄意蜂成年工蜂取食该药液6 d后,CYP450 6a2, ABA和GLD表达水平及多酚氧化酶活力与对照组相比均有显著下调趋势,PPOA3表达水平和细胞色素P450含量有显著上调趋势。【结论】亚致死剂量吡虫啉影响意大利蜜蜂内勤蜂与外勤蜂免疫解毒相关基因的表达及免疫解毒酶系活力;吡虫啉短期胁迫对意大利蜜蜂内勤蜂与外勤蜂的存活无显著影响,长期胁迫则会影响意大利蜜蜂内勤蜂与外勤蜂的存活。     

天麻素联合异钩藤碱通过线粒体途径抑制MPP~+诱导PC12细胞凋亡

探讨天麻素和异钩藤碱联合应用对MPP~+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的保护作用及机制。本研究采用ELISA法检测细胞凋亡、荧光光度法检测caspase-3/7活性、MTS法检测细胞增殖、JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位、ELISA法检测细胞色素C(CytC)含量、分光光度法检测烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)和总NAD含量、免疫印迹法检测Akt磷酸化水平。结果显示,天麻素联合异钩藤碱抑制了1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶离子(MPP~+)诱导PC12细胞凋亡,降低了caspase-3/7活性,提高线粒体跨膜电位,减少了CytC释放,增加了细胞增殖活性和NAD~+/NADH比值。而天麻素联合异钩藤碱的这些药理作用可被PD98059、LY294002或/和LiCl预处理逆转。异钩藤碱单独或联合天麻素均显著提高Akt磷酸化水平。结果表明,天麻素联合异钩藤碱能通过线粒体途径抑制MPP~+诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,其作用可能与增加Akt磷酸化有关。     

鸡细胞色素P450 1A5的原核表达与活性重组

旨在对鸡细胞色素P450 1A5(CYP1A5)蛋白进行体外功能研究,采用大肠杆菌系统进行CYP1A5的异源表达。以鸡的cDNA为模板,扩增出CYP1A5基因,将该基因的N端编码区进行修饰,并连接到pCW载体中构建His-CYP1A5,经IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌中表达。经CO-差示光谱检测,所获得的His-CYP1A5具有典型的P450吸收峰。该蛋白与细胞色素P450还原酶(CPR)进行体外重组,构成的重组酶系表现出乙氧基试卤灵-O-脱乙基酶活性。结果表明,所采用的表达策略可以成功产生出具有催化活性的鸡细胞色素P450 1A5(CYP1A5)蛋白。     

增效醚对二化螟幼虫7-乙氧基香豆素-O-脱乙基酶和羧酸酯酶活性的影响

【目的】通过研究二化螟Chilo suppressalis细胞色素P450酶活性特征及增效醚(piperonyl butoxide,PBO)对二化螟幼虫7-乙氧基香豆素-O-脱乙基酶(ECOD)和羧酸酯酶(Car E)活性影响的时间效应,为有效进行二化螟的防治及抗药性治理提供基础的研究数据。【方法】采用以7-乙氧基香豆素为底物的荧光比色法,测定了不同龄期二化螟ECOD活性,并研究了经PBO(0.69μg/头)点滴处理后24 h内每隔1 h二化螟4龄幼虫ECOD及Car E活性的变化。【结果】二化螟的ECOD活性从1龄幼虫至蛹期呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中ECOD活性在4龄幼虫期升至最高值14.11±1.01 pmol/mg pro·min,而在蛹期降到最低值(1.34±0.11 pmol/mg pro·min)。PBO处理对二化螟4龄幼虫ECOD活性的影响具有随时间而变化的抑制-诱导-抑制的动态效应:在处理后4-9 h,PBO对ECOD活性具有抑制作用,其中在处理后6 h时的抑制作用最强,抑制率达到21%;在处理后10-11 h,PBO诱导了ECOD活性升高;在处理后15-17 h,又表现为抑制作用。PBO处理二化螟后10-12 h和18-20 h对二化螟的Car E活性具有诱导作用,而在14-17 h和20-21 h表现为抑制作用。【结论】不同龄期二化螟幼虫及蛹的ECOD活性存在一定差异。PBO点滴处理对二化螟4龄幼虫的ECOD和Car E活性具有时间依赖的抑制或诱导效应。     

蜜蜂NADPH-细胞色素P450还原酶基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及酶学特性分析

10-羟基-2-癸烯酸（10-HDA）是蜂王浆中的主要脂肪酸成分,具有抗菌、抗癌、延缓衰老等多种生理活性,但目前关于10-HDA生物合成的分子机制还不清楚。通过克隆蜜蜂NADPH-细胞色素P450还原酶（EC 1.6.2.4,NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase,CPR）,在大肠杆菌中异源表达,并对其酶学特性进行分析。结果表明重组菌经IPTG诱导后表达蛋白的分子量与预期一致,为86.29 kDa,Ni-NTA亲和纯化后测得其比活性为77.33（EU of CPR）/μg。酶学性质分析结果表明蜜蜂CPR酶最适温度与pH分别为40℃和8.0,并对一些金属离子及有机溶剂具有不同程度的耐受性。其对底物细胞色素C的动力学参数K_m和k_cat分别为76 μM和268/min。以上研究为探究CPR在10-HDA生物合成途径中的功能奠定理论基础。     

N-苯基-2-萘胺对大鼠组织混合功能氧化酶的影响

本文报道致癌物N-苯基-2-萘胺(P-BNA)对大鼠组织混合功能氧化酶的影响。PBNA腹腔注射七天后,实验动物肝重、肝微粒体蛋白量、肝微粒体细胞色素P-450总量以及7-乙氧基香豆素-O-去乙基酶活力均增加,而芳烃羟化酶和混合功能胺氧化酶活力有所下降。实验动物肺、肾混合功能胺氧化酶活力未受此致癌物处理影响,但肺、肾中7-乙氧基香豆素-O-去乙基酶活力和芳烃羟化酶活力均明显增加。文章对PBNA这种选择性诱导混合功能氧化酶的可能原因及其意义,并联系PBNA在动物引癌中所表现出的器官亲和性进行了讨论。     

Two cytochrome P-450 isoforms catalysing O-de-ethylation of ethoxycoumarin and ethoxyresorufin in higher plants.

The O-dealkylating activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase (ECOD) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase (EROD) have been fluorimetrically detected in microsomes prepared from manganese-induced Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Cytochrome P-450 dependence of the reactions was demonstrated by light-reversed CO inhibition, NADPH-dependence, NADH-NADPH synergism and by use of specific inhibitors: antibodies to NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, mechanism-based inactivators and tetcyclasis. Apparent Km values of 161 microM for 7-ethoxycoumarin and 0.4 microM for 7-ethoxyresorufin were determined. O-De-ethylase activity was also detected in microsomes prepared from several other plant species, including wheat, maize, tulip, avocado and Vicia. ECOD and EROD were low or undetectable in uninduced plant tissues, and both activities were stimulated by wounding or by chemical inducers. Two distinct cytochrome P-450 isoforms are involved in ECOD and EROD activities since (1) they showed different distributions among plant species; (2) they showed contrasting inhibition and induction patterns; and (3) ECOD but not EROD activity was supported by cumene hydroperoxide.     

Comparison of Drosophila cytochrome P450 metabolism of natural and model substrates

Metabolism of some insecticides and toxic natural plant compounds is known to involve cytochrome P450 enzymes. Correlations between insecticide resistance and deethylation of the model substrate, 7-ethoxycoumarin, have prompted its use in screens for potentially resistant insect populations. The applicability of this model substrate as an indicator of the enzyme activities and inductive responsiveness of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in the metabolism of carnegine was investigated. This toxic isoquinoline alkaloid is found in the host-plants of some species of cactophilic Drosophila. The results show that the ethoxycoumarin (ECOD) assay does not accurately predict carnegine metabolism either quantitatively or with respect to the overall pattern of activity. Therefore, the ECOD assay may be as isozyme-specific in insects as has already been demonstrated in mammals and its use as an indicator of general P450 activity is questionable.     

Isolation and characterization of a cytochrome P450 of the IIA subfamily from human liver microsomes

Antibodies raised against cytochrome P450, which is overexpressed in mouse hepatic tumors, (P450tu) crossreact with two human liver microsomal proteins (49 kDa and 52 kDa). We have quantified these proteins in 60 human liver samples and found great interindividual variability in both of them. The concentration of the 49-kDa protein varies up to 144 fold in the various samples and represents typically 10% of the total mincrosomal P450 content. Its immunologically determined concentration correlates well (R = 0.78) with the microsomal coumarin-7-hydroylase (COH) activity. This activity is strongly and completely inhibited by anti-P450tu antibody (IC50 = 0.13 mg IgG/mg microsomal protein). The crossreacting 49-kDa protein shows an unusually high substrate specificity towards coumarin; it presents all human COH and part of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD). Besides these two activities, we did not find any activity with other typical P450 substrates. In primary cultures of human hepatocytes, it is inducible by phenobarbital and dexamethasone, but not by pyrazole and beta-naphthoflavone. We isolated this protein from human liver microsomes and purified it to homogeneity by a combination of aminooctyl-amino-Sepharose chromatography and immunoaffinity chromatography. The protein was identified as a cytochrome P450 of the IIA subfamily. Its N-terminal amino-acid sequence was identical with the first 20 residues deduced from the nucleotide sequence of P450IIA6.     

Highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for coumarin 7-hydroxylation and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation by human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes

A highly sensitive method for the determination of coumarin 7-hydroxylation and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation by human cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The newly developed HPLC method was found to be about 100-fold more sensitive than the previous spectrofluorimetric method in detecting the metabolite 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone). With this high sensitivity, the kinetics of coumarin 7-hydroxylation and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation catalyzed by human liver microsomal and recombinant P450 enzymes were determined more precisely. With 36 different substrate concentrations in these two reactions, coumarin 7-hydroxylation was found to be catalyzed mainly by a single enzyme CYP2A6 and 7-ethoxycoumarin was oxidized by at least two enzymes CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes.     

Tight-binding inhibition by alpha-naphthoflavone of human cytochrome P450 1A2

Human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes exhibit remarkable diversity in their substrate specificities, participating in oxidation reactions of a wide range of xenobiotic drugs. Previously, we reported that alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) is bound to the recombinant P450 1A2 tightly and stabilizes an overall enzyme conformation. The present study is designed to determine the type of P450 1A2 inhibition exerted by ANF, using two different substrates of P450 1A2, 7-ethoxycoumarin (EOC) and 7-ethoxyresorufin (EOR). ANF is generally known as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. However, in our tight-binding enzyme kinetics study, ANF acts as noncompetitive inhibitor in 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation (ECOD) (K(i)=55.0 nM), but as competitive inhibitor in 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) (K(i)=1.4 nM). Based on homology modeling studies, ANF is positioned to bind to a hydrophobic cavity next to the active site where it may cause a direct effect on substrate binding. It is agreed with the predicted binding site of ANF in P450 3A4, in which ANF is rather known as a stimulating modulator. Our results suggest that ANF binds near the active site of P450 1A2 and exhibits differential inhibition mechanisms, possibly depending on the molecular structure of the substrate.     

Induction of 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase activity in cultured human epithelial cells by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): evidence for TCDD receptor

The responsiveness of 5 human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines derived from tumors of the epidermis and tongue to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was assessed by measuring the induction of the cytochrome P1-450-mediated monooxygenase activity, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD). In 4 of the SCC lines the EC50 for this response was approximately 10(-9)M, whereas in one line the EC50 was 10(-10)M. In each of the less sensitive lines a concentration of 10(-10)M TCDD elicited less than 5% of the maximal enzyme activity. Specific binding of radiolabeled TCDD was detected in the cytosol fraction from all the SCC lines. The relative amount of receptor measured in each line correlated with maximally-induced ECOD activity. The data indicate that human cell lines derived from a target tissue for TCDD toxicity contain the TCDD receptor and show differential sensitivity to TCDD analogous to the murine strain differences in sensitivity regulated by the Ah locus.     

亚致死剂量毒死蜱对飞蝗细胞色素P450酶活性及基因表达的影响

【目的】研究有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱对飞蝗体内细胞色素P450的影响。【方法】采用酶活力测定法和实时定量PCR技术分别研究了毒死蜱3种亚致死剂量(LD_(10)、LD_(30)和LD_(50))处理飞蝗3龄幼虫24 h后,体内细胞色素P450酶活性及CYP409A1和CYP408B1基因表达量的变化。【结果】不同亚致死剂量毒死蜱处理引起细胞色素P450活性显著性降低,分别为对照组的0.68、0.50和0.62倍。同时通过mRNA水平表达的差异比较显示,飞蝗的两个P450基因CYP409A1和CYP408B1的表达受到抑制,均出现表达量减少的现象。【结论】某些细胞色素P450基因表达受不同亚致死剂量毒死蜱的抑制而使酶的量被降低,从而造成飞蝗整体细胞色素P450酶活性的下降。     

Olfactory cytochrome P-450. Studies with suicide substrates of the haemoprotein.

1. The olfactory epithelium of male hamsters has been found to be extremely active in the cumene hydroperoxide-supported oxidation of tetramethylphenylenediamine, and this peroxidase activity has been shown to be cytochrome P-450-dependent. 2. The interaction of a series of suicide substrates of cytochrome P-450 with the hepatic and olfactory mono-oxygenase systems has been assessed by determination of peroxidase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase (ECOD) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase (EROD) activities after treatment in vivo with these compounds. Chloramphenicol, OOS-trimethylphosphorothiolate and two dihydropyridines [DDC (3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine) and 4-ethyl DDC (3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine)] all caused similar percentage inhibitions of hepatic and olfactory activities, but the absolute amounts of enzymic activity lost were considerably greater in the latter tissue. In contrast, halothane had little effect upon hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions, whereas it severely inhibited those of the olfactory epithelium. 3. The time course of loss and recovery of hepatic and olfactory peroxidase, ECOD and EROD activities after a single dose of 4-ethyl DDC was studied. The rates of loss of activity observed were very similar, irrespective of tissue or reaction examined. In the olfactory epithelium, all three activities recovered concurrently and at a rate similar to that of the hepatic peroxidase activity. In contrast, the hepatic de-ethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxy-resorufin recovered significantly more rapidly. 4. It is suggested that this behaviour is due to 4-ethyl DDC acting not only as a suicidal inhibitor but also as an inducer of certain forms of cytochrome P-450 in the liver; in the olfactory epithelium, however, inactivation, but not induction, occurs. Classical inducing agents were reported to have no effect upon olfactory cytochrome P-450, and in the present study neither phenobarbitone nor beta-naphthoflavone treatment had any effect upon olfactory cytochrome P-450-dependent reactions, although it induced those of the liver.     

Reconstitution of the Brain Mixed Function Oxidase System: Purification of NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase and Partial Purification of Cytochrome P450 from Whole Rat Brain

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase was purified to apparent homogeneity and cytochrome P450 partially purified from whole rat brain. Purified reductase from brain was identical to liver P450 reductase by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot techniques. Kinetic studies using cerebral P450 reductase reveal Km values in close agreement with those determined with enzyme purified from rat liver. Moreover, the brain P450 reductase was able to function successfully in a reconstituted microsomal system with partially purified brain cytochrome P450 and with purified hepatic P450c (P450IA1) as measured by 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation. Our results indicate that the reductase and P450 components may interact to form a competent drug metabolism system in brain tissue.     

A possible role of cAMP dependent phosphorylation of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450: a mechanism to increase lipid peroxidation in response to hormone

Enzymatic lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes is believed to involve cytochrome P450. cAMP dependent phosphorylation of cytochrome P450 was found to increase the NADPH dependent production of malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) by about 30%. The cytochrome P450 inhibitor cyanide abolished this activity. The presence of spermine decreased the cytochrome P450 dependent lipid peroxidation in non-phosphorylated microsomes, phosphorylation partially reversed this effect. Thus, phosphorylation of cytochrome P450 and the associated increased lipid peroxidation may be a hormone dependent response to pathological conditions e.g. stress Phosphorylation was observed to subtly alter other properties of cytochrome P450. The rate of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase activity was reduced and the microwave power required to saturate the EPR spectrum of the low spin cytochrome P450 was decreased. It is hypothesized that phosphorylation of cytochrome P450 alters the interaction between the components of the cytochrome P450 system, which may enhance production of free radical species, initiating lipid peroxidation.