棉铃虫发育历期的地理变异

为探明棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner不同地理种群发育历期及其地理变异,通过对棉铃虫不同地理种群在不同温度和光周期下幼虫和蛹发育历期的研究,本论文系统比较了来自中国的4个地理种群,广东广州(23.08°N,113.14°E)、江西永修(29.04°N,115.82°E)、山东泰安(36.15°N,116.59°E)、辽宁喀佐(41.34°N,120.27°E)在20℃、22℃、25℃和28℃恒温下的幼虫、非滞育蛹和滞育蛹发育历期及其与栖息地纬度的关系。结果表明,棉铃虫幼虫发育历期随栖息地纬度的升高而缩短,在25℃下,与地理纬度存在明显的负相关关系,其它温度下呈不显著的负相关关系,雌雄幼虫发育历期相似,差异不显著;在20℃下,蛹历期(包括滞育蛹和非滞育蛹)与栖息地纬度呈显著负相关,其它温度下的蛹历期与栖息地纬度呈正相关,雄蛹历期均要略长于雌蛹历期,但差异不显著。棉铃虫幼虫和蛹发育历期随着纬度的变化呈现一种渐变的趋势,存在地理变异;北方种群的幼虫发育历期较南方种群的短;适温(22℃-28℃)范围内,北方种群的非滞育蛹发育历期比南方种群的更长些;不同地理种群间滞育蛹的历期亦存在较大的差别。这些结果进一步揭示了即使在同一种类昆虫中,不同实验条件,其各个虫态发育历期的地理变异也可能不同。     

棉铃虫发育起点温度和有效积温的地理变异

为探明棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera不同地理种群发育起点温度和有效积温及其地理变异,推测该虫在不同地区可能发生的代数、为预测其发育发生期的差异提供依据,从而更有效地进行该虫的综合治理。以采集自中国的4个地理种群(广东广州(23.08°N,113.14°E)、江西永修(29.04°N,115.82°E)、山东泰安(36.15°N,116.59°E)、辽宁喀佐(41.34°N,120.27°E)的幼虫在室内饲养繁育1代后为试材,采用在获得其在20℃、22℃、25℃和28℃恒温、L16∶D8的光周期条件下饲养的发育历期的基础上,比较研究这4个地理种群的幼虫、非滞育蛹和滞育蛹的发育起点温度和有效积温及其与栖息地纬度的关系。结果表明:在实验室人工饲料饲养的条件下,棉铃虫幼虫、非滞育蛹和滞育蛹发育起点温度分别为10.18℃-12.19℃、10.60℃-13.50℃、15.56℃-17.96℃,有效积温分别为254.91-300.89日度、126.21-204.43日度、181.03-363.39日度,滞育蛹的发育起点温度比非滞育蛹高3.39℃-5.50℃,其有效积温比非滞育蛹高35.56-165.89日度。这些说明棉铃虫发育起点温度和有效积温均存在明显地理变异,随栖息地纬度的升高,幼虫、非滞育蛹和滞育蛹的发育起点温度呈现逐渐下降趋势,幼虫的发育起点温度与栖息地纬度呈显著负相关关系(P0.05),其余呈不显著负相关(P0.05),而有效积温则相反,呈现上升趋势,滞育蛹有效积温与栖息地纬度升高呈显著正相关(P0.05),其余呈不显著正相关(P0.05)。     

棉铃虫发生与北太平洋海温的遥相关 及其长期灾变预警

本文分析了山东郓城26年（1974～1999）、德州22年（1978～1999）和江苏丰县20年（1980～1999）棉铃虫百株累计卵量与北太平洋海温的遥相关关系及其时空动态规律,并选出相关显著程度P<0.05概率水平、空间分布范围较大、持续时间较长而稳定的组合作为关键预测因子组建了郓城、德州棉铃虫三代卵,丰县棉铃虫二代卵的预测模型,并筛选出最优长期灾变预警模型。结果表明：① 北太平洋海温场与棉铃虫种群数量消长存在显著或极显著的遥相关区域,其位置及范围随时间变化,但存在若干呈现出空间稳定性和时间持续性的大面积相关显著区域。② 郓城棉铃虫三代卵量和丰县棉铃虫二代卵量与北太平洋海温场的相关区分布形式很相似,与前两年1月份北太平洋月平均海温场存在大片相关显著的区域（35°～ 55°N,135°E～135°W）,持续时间达4个月之久;而德州棉铃虫三代卵量与前两年7～9月份北太平洋低纬度海温有大范围相关显著区（1°～17°N,165°E～120°W）。 ③ 用前两年1～11月份北太平洋海温场相关显著区内各格点的月平均海温距平的平均值做因子建立了棉铃虫长期灾变预警模型,预测检验结果表明：郓城棉铃虫三代卵6年（1994～1999）中报准5年,丰县棉铃虫二代卵5年（1995～1999）中报准3年,德州棉铃虫三代卵5年（1995～1999）全部符合。据此可提前20～27个月做棉铃虫的长期灾变预警。     

大米草(Spartina anglica Hubbard)生态型分化的研究

引言我国引进的大米草,来自英国的 Lanca-shire(53°45′N,2°40′W)、Essex(51°48′N,0°40′E)和 Poole Harbour(50°43′N,1°59′W)。这三个地区在地理气候上差异不十分显著,大米草的造种历史近100年,但在这期间是否种群发生种内分化,形成不同生态型?这不仅是种内生态学的理论问题,也对大米草的推广具重要意义。Bryce(1928)已发现 Poole Harbour 和Maningtree 的种群形态不同,前者具长根茎,后者的吸收根接近地面;Van Schreven(1958)     

暗期干扰对棉铃虫两个不同地理种群滞育抑制作用的比较

至今,所测试昆虫的光周期反应均表明,光周期反应对暗期干扰高度敏感,短暂的光脉冲都可在不同程度上逆转长夜效应,抑制滞育的发生。在研究了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera泰安种群(36.15°N,116.59°E)和喀佐种群(41.34°N,120.27°E)光周期反应的基础上,在滞育诱导的短光周期下(L12:D12和L9:D15),分别测试了暗期不同时段1h光脉冲对这两个不同地理种群滞育抑制的影响。25和22℃下的光周期反应显示了泰安种群在长暗期11—14 h的滞育率均显著低于喀佐种群;泰安种群的临界暗长分别为11.7 h和11.5 h,喀佐种群分别为10.5 h和10.3 h,泰安种群均比喀佐种群长1.2 h。在所测试的暗期干扰实验中,除了极少数光脉冲干扰点外,泰安种群蛹滞育率显著低于喀佐种群,但两者的滞育反应曲线基本相似。在短光周期L9:D15下,泰安种群和喀佐种群均显示了光脉冲落入暗期的第9—11小时最有效地抑制了滞育的发生。在短光周期L12∶D12下,泰安种群和喀佐种群在25℃时均显示了光脉冲落入暗期的第3—4小时和第10小时导致了最低的滞育发生;但在22℃时,喀佐种群只在暗期的第3—4小时显示了最高的滞育抑制。这些结果揭示了偏南的泰安种群对暗期干扰的敏感性强于偏北的喀佐种群,但这两个地理种群的最高光敏感位点基本相同。     

棉铃虫对茚虫威的抗性机理:PBO,DEF和DEM的增效作用及解毒酶活性

【目的】本研究旨在明确不同棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera种群对茚虫威的抗性水平及抗性机理,以科学有效防治这一害虫,避免其对茚虫威的抗性快速发展。【方法】采用浸叶法测定了棉铃虫不同种群,即相对敏感种群(CP)、汰选种群(TP)、沂水种群(YP)(采自山东沂水)和邯郸种群(HP)(采自河北邯郸)3龄幼虫对茚虫威抗性水平及增效醚(PBO)、脱叶磷(DEF)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)对茚虫威的增效作用;并测定了不同种群棉铃虫3龄幼虫体内多功能氧化酶(MFO)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)3种解毒酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)活性。【结果】CP种群对茚虫威敏感,TP,YP及HP种群对茚虫威的抗性倍数(resistence ratio,RR)分别为4.36,8.06和15.34倍,分别表现为敏感性降低、低水平抗性和中等水平抗性。在TP种群中,当棉铃虫3龄幼虫取食3种增效剂处理的叶片时,在0,6和12 h处理时间内增效作用随时间而升高,且PBO和DEF对茚虫威的增效作用优于DEM。增效剂PBO,DEF和DEM饲喂棉铃虫3龄幼虫12 h后对HP种群的增效倍数分别为3.86,2.52和4.57倍,对CP种群增效作用分别为1.11,0.52和0.91倍。酶活力对比研究发现,HP种群的棉铃虫MFO,CarE和GST活性显著高于CP种群和TP种群,YP种群的棉铃虫MFO和CarE活性显著高于CP种群,CarE活性显著低于HP种群,但是ACh E活性在棉铃虫种群间差异不显著。【结论】结果提示,当达到中等抗性水平时,MFO,CarE和GST活性显著升高与棉铃虫对茚虫威的抗性有关,而代谢抑制剂PBO,DEF和DEM对茚虫威有明显的增效作用。     

粗毛肉果草青藏高原新分布

报道了青藏高原通泉草科(Mazaceae)肉果草属(Lancea)粗毛肉果草(Lancea hirsuta Bonati)新分布。该种分布于西藏八宿县(30°12′3.8″N,97°16′48″E)、西藏林周县(30°4′58.8″N,91°16′48″E)、西藏当雄县(30°32′24″N,91°20′24″E)和青海杂多县(33°4′48″N,95°9′36″E),该次发现将中国该种自然分布区扩大到西藏、青海等地,海拔分布也增加至4 300m。凭证标本现存于中国科学院青藏高原生物标本馆(HNWP)。     

农业害虫跨越渤海的迁飞规律与控制策略

迁飞是农业害虫适应环境变化、保障种群繁衍的季节性转移为害策略。受东亚季风气候的影响,农业害虫在中国迁飞致灾问题十分严重。我们自2003年起,在农业昆虫自华北及其以南地区迁入东北地区的必经之地,位于渤海中间的山东省长岛县北隍城岛(38°24′N;120°55′E),系统监测研究了迁飞昆虫的种类组成、群落结构、种群动态、生理生化特征和季节性迁飞规律。研究表明,跨越渤海迁飞的昆虫种类有9目36科120余种,以棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)、粘虫Mythimna separate (Walker)等鳞翅目害虫为优势种类。多数种类呈现迁飞性昆虫的生理生化特征,春季和夏初种群多数个体卵巢发育成熟、交配基本完成,显示迁飞末期的生殖特征,夏末和秋季种群卵巢尚未发育、交配率低,显示迁飞初期的生殖特点。对迁飞路径的分析表明,迁飞类型可分为以亚洲玉米螟Ostrinianubilalis(Hübner)和绿盲蝽Apolyguslucorum (Meyer-Dür)为代表的单个夜晚为主的近距离迁飞,其迁移距离多在200 km以内;以棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)和二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone (M?schler)为代表的1-2个夜晚为主的中距离迁飞,其迁移距离多在500km以内;以及以小地老虎Agrotisypsilon(Rottemberg)和粘虫Mythimna separate (Walker)为代表的多个夜晚的远距离迁飞,其迁移距离多远于500 km。文中基于这些害虫的迁飞生物学特征和迁飞规律,提出了以"阻断成虫迁飞过程"为核心的防控策略。     

青海三江源玛可河保护分区发现棕腹啄木鸟

<正>2013年4月24日、6月9日和6月27日,在青海省三江源国家级自然保护区玛可河地区友谊林场(32°40′N,101°2′E,海拔3 240 m)、格日则沟原始林区(32°44′N,101°10′E,海拔3 480 m)针叶树干以及玛可河干流岸边(32°40′N,100°57′E,海拔3 270 m)杨树上共观察到7只?形目鸟类,并拍摄到清晰数码照片。该鸟体形中等,     

西藏雅鲁藏布江中游发现黄斑褶[鱼兆]

正2016年4月,在西藏雅鲁藏布江中游干流下段的派镇段(29°31′9″N,94°52′12″E,海拔2 897 m),6月在米林段(29°12′1″N,94°5′16″E,海拔2 947 m),2017年7月在里龙段(29°8′32″N,93°54′34″E,海拔2 960 m),使用定置刺网共捕获到15尾疑似黄斑褶(Pseudecheneis sulcatus)的鱼类标本(图1a,b)。2017年4月在雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱段(29°18′10″N,95°16′52″E,海拔682 m)采集到一批黄斑褶标本(图1c,d),并与中游的黄斑褶进行了形态学比较鉴定。     

光温条件明显影响棉铃虫的滞育强度

为了探明不同地理种群棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera滞育强度的地理变异, 本研究系统地比较了光温条件（光照时数 11～16 h, 恒温20, 22, 25, 28和31℃及变温）对来自中国的4个地理种群（广东广州、 江西永修、 山东泰安和辽宁喀佐）棉铃虫滞育强度的影响。结果表明： 滞育诱导的光周期对继后棉铃虫的滞育强度有明显影响。在光照时数11～14 h范围内, 各地理种群的滞育持续期均随着光照时数的增加而延长。滞育强度也受到滞育诱导的温周期影响, 当光期温度相同时, 低纬度的GZ种群温周期比恒温有更强的诱导效应; 中纬度的YX种群温周期与恒温具有相同的滞育诱导强度; 高纬度的KZ和TA种群温周期所诱导的滞育强度一般低于恒温。滞育解除过程中的温度也显著影响到滞育的解除, 在20~31℃下, 温度愈高滞育解除愈快; 滞育持续期同时受到滞育诱导温度的影响, 对于北方的泰安种群和喀佐种群, 较高的滞育诱导温度能诱导更强的滞育。     

Effect of temperature on photoperiodic response in a selected 'non-diapause' strain of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera)

Abstract. The artificially selected 'non-diapause' strain of Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera) showed no diapause response to photoperiod at 26°C (Socha & Hodkova, 1994). However, the diapause response to short-day photoperiod (LD 12:12 h) became apparent at lower temperatures of 17°C (70% diapause) or 20°C (41% diapause). Diapause was induced in 60% females by short-day photoperiod combined with thermoperiod of 26/16°C, whereas only 20% diapause was induced by the same thermoperiod under continuous darkness. Thus the time-measuring system was not removed by artificial selection but the diapause response was shifted to lower temperatures. The diapause response to short days seems to be favoured rather by low temperature during scotophase than by low temperature throughout the whole light/dark cycle. If the percentage of diapause at 26°C is compared in F₁ hybrids and in wild and selected parental strains the diapause appears to be dominant at LD 13:11 h but recessive at LD 11:13 h and LD 10:14 h. A hypothesis is proposed that the inheritance of the percentage of diapause in F1 hybrids is determined by interactions of genes controlling the temperature dependence of photoperiodic response.     

Maternal temperature has different effects on the photoperiodic response and duration of larval diapause in blow fly ( Calliphora vicina ) strains collected at two latitudes

Abstract .The blow fly Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) has a wide distribution across northern and temperate Europe. It has a facultative, maternally-induced larval diapause in response to short days. The photoperiodic response, measured at 15 and 20°C, of two populations was compared. A southern population (originating at 51° N) was sensitive to temperature at all daylengths; the incidence of diapause was greatly reduced at 20°C compared with 15°C. The photoperiodic response of a northern population (from 65° N) was sensitive to temperature only in long days; in short days (< 14 h of light) the response of this strain was identical at each temperature.
Variation in parental photoperiod and temperature were found to affect the duration of larval diapause, indicating a role for maternal effects in diapause intensity as well as incidence. However, the between-strain variation was greater than that within strains, indicating qualitative differences in diapause response. These differences may arise from the ecological conditions at the points of origin of the two strains. The northern strain from the harsher climate has a more intense diapause that follows a relatively temperature-insensitive photoperiodic response. In contrast, the southern strain has a shallow diapause and its photoperiodic response may be overridden by the experience of concurrent high temperature.     

亚洲玉米螟两个不同地理种群对暗期干扰的滞育反应

为了探明亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)不同地理种群对暗期干扰的滞育反应, 本文在研究了亚洲玉米螟南昌种群（28°41′N, 115°53′E）和哈尔滨种群（44°56′N, 127°10′E）光周期反应的基础上, 在室内分别测试了25℃和28℃温度下1 h的光脉冲干扰光周期L9∶D15和L12∶D12对这两个不同地理种群幼虫滞育抑制的影响。结果表明： 在25℃和28℃下, 哈尔滨种群的临界日长分别比南昌种群延长了1 h 40 min和2 h; 在所有测试的暗期干扰实验中, 除了极少数光脉冲干扰点外, 南昌种群幼虫滞育的发生率显著低于哈尔滨种群; 1 h光脉冲干扰光周期L9∶D15的滞育发生率明显低于干扰光周期L12∶D12, 且前者表现了暗期的中间对光脉冲最敏感, 而后者显示了暗期的初期对光脉冲最敏感; 28℃下光脉冲对滞育的抑制效果强于25℃。这些结果进一步提示, 即使在同种昆虫中, 如果地理种群和实验条件不同, 暗期干扰对滞育抑制的效果也可能不同。     

高温对环带锦斑蛾幼虫滞育的抑制作用

本文报道了高温（31℃）对环带锦斑蛾幼虫滞育发生的抑制作用。当幼虫暴露于31℃ 时,所有个体都继续发育,与光周期无关。在诱导滞育的光周期条件(L12∶D12)下,光期的高温配合不同的暗期低温（15～28℃）,导致几乎所有个体滞育,但当暗期为5℃时,滞育率反而下降;相反,当光期的低温配合不同持续时间的暗期高温（31℃）时,则几乎所有的个体都继续发育,这说明高温在暗期发挥着重要的作用。在暗期给予不同时间长度（2、4、 6、8、10、12 h）的高温处理,结果表明一个2 h的高温处理就能有效地抑制滞育的发生。在暗期的不同时间给予4 h高温处理,显示了幼虫在暗期开始后的第一个4 h (18:00～22:00 )对高温最敏感,完全抑制了滞育的发生。最后讨论了高温调节滞育机制在该虫生活史上的适应意义。     

Geographic variation in diapause induction and termination of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Overwintering diapause in Helicoverpa armigera, a multivoltine species, is controlled by response to photoperiod and temperature. Photoperiodic responses from 5 different geographical populations showed that the variation in critical photoperiod for diapause induction was positively related to the latitudinal origin of the populations at 20, 22 and 25 °C. Diapause response to photoperiod and temperature was quite different between northern and southern populations, being highly sensitive to photoperiod in northern populations and temperature dependence in southern populations. Diapause pupae from southern population showed a significantly shorter diapause duration than from northern-most populations when they were cultured at 20, 22, 25, 28 and 31 °C; by contrast, overwintering pupae from southern populations emerged significantly later than from northern populations when they were maintained in natural conditions, showing a clinal latitudinal variation in diapause termination. Diapause-inducing temperature had a significant effect on diapause duration, but with a significant difference between southern and northern populations. The higher rearing temperature of 22 °C evoked a more intense diapause than did 20 °C in northern populations; but a less intense diapause in southern population. Cold exposure (chilling) is not necessary to break the pupal diapause. The higher the temperature, the quicker the diapause terminated. Response of diapause termination to chilling showed that northern populations were more sensitive to chilling than southern population.     

稻螟赤眼蜂诱导滞育条件的优化

应用滞育技术是延长赤眼蜂货架期的可行性措施之一。为实现工厂化生产稻螟赤眼蜂滞育蜂,本研究以在3种光周期(16 L∶8 D、12 L∶12 D和8 L∶16 D)下繁育的稻螟赤眼蜂种群为材料,考察了诱导始期(寄生后发育12 h、24 h、36 h、48 h、60 h和72 h)、诱导温度(10℃和13℃)和诱导历期(14 d、21 d、28 d和35 d)对稻螟赤眼蜂滞育的影响。研究结果表明短光照下繁育的种群更容易进入滞育状态;寄生后发育24 h和12 h为最敏感的诱导始期,随着诱导始期虫龄的增长,滞育效果也随之下降;诱导温度对滞育也有显著影响,其中8 L∶16 D的种群在13℃下诱导的滞育率要显著高于10℃,但其他两个种群在10℃下诱导的滞育率要显著高于13℃;诱导历期的增加可以显著提高稻螟赤眼蜂的滞育率。供试稻螟赤眼蜂种群的较适宜滞育条件为8 L∶16 D下繁育的赤眼蜂种群寄生后发育12 h于13℃下诱导滞育28 d或35 d,以及寄生后发育24 h于10℃或13℃下诱导滞育35 d,滞育率可超过95%。     

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the development and diapause of the bark beetle Ips typographus

Abstract:  Diapause was induced in a Central European population of Ips typographus grown at 20°C when the day length decreased below 16 h [50% diapause incidence occurred in the 14.7:9.3 h L:D (light:dark) regime]. The non-diapausing adults fed on days 2–6 and 10–14 after the ecdysis and swarmed after the second feeding bout with chorionated eggs in the ovaries and sperm in the spermiducts. Neither gonads nor the flight muscles matured and no swarming occurred in the diapausing adults. The development from egg to adult took about 34 days in both 18:6 h (no diapause) and 12:12 h L:D (diapause) regimes, but it was extended by up to 30% without diapause induction when only larvae or pupae were exposed to L:D 12:12 h. Diapause was induced in insects reared at L:D 12:12 h through the last larval and the pupal instars and/or in the adult stage. Temperature ≥ 23°C prevented diapause induction at L:D 12:12 h but diapause occurred at L:D 14:10 h associated with 26:6°C thermoperiod. The effect of thermoperiods on the developmental rate requires further research. Exposure of the non-diapausing adults to 5°C for several days blocked feeding and evoked a diapause-like state, whereas diapausing adults fed and their gonads slowly developed at this temperature. Diapausing adults exposed in forest to low night temperatures and transferred in October to 20°C readily reproduced at 18:6, but not 12:12 h L:D photoperiods. After 2-months at 5°C and darkness, they became insensitive to the photoperiod, matured and most of them also swarmed at 20°C in the 12:12 h L:D regime. In a Scandinavian population, diapause occurred at 18:6 h L:D and was terminated either by exposure to 5°C or by very long photoperiod (L:D 20:4 h) combined with high temperature (23°C).     

Effects of thermoperiods on diapause induction in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract. The effects of thermoperiods on diapause induction in continuous darkness or under a 12 : 12 h LD photoperiod were investigated in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly, a typical short‐day species. The diapause response curves both at different constant temperatures and at the thermocycle of format CT x: (24 ? x) h (16 : 28 °C) under continuously dark rearing conditions showed that the incidence of diapause depended mainly on whether or not the mean temperature was ≤20 °C or >20 °C. If the mean temperature was ≤20 °C, all individuals entered diapause; if >20 °C, the incidence of diapause declined gradually with increasing mean temperatures. The thermocycle (CT 12 : 12 h) with a series of different cryophases (8–22 °C) and thermophases (24–32 °C) under continuous darkness demonstrated a cryophase response threshold temperature of approximately 19 °C and a thermophase response threshold temperature of approximately 31 °C. Thermoperiodic amplitude (temperature difference between cryophase and thermophase) was shown to have a significant influence on diapause induction at the mean temperatures of 22, 23 and 24 °C, but not at ≥25 °C. Thermoperiodic responses under LD 12 : 12 h clearly showed that the incidence of diapause was influenced strongly by the photophase temperature. The thermoperiod under LD 12 : 12 h induced a much lower incidence of diapause than the thermoperiod with the same temperature in continuous darkness. The ecological significance of thermoperiodic induction of diapause in this species is discussed.     

Adaptative significance of a temperature induced diapause in a cosmopolitan parasitoid of Drosophila

Abstract. 1. We have previously demonstrated pre-pupal diapause in a tropical population of Leptopilima boulardi Barbotin, Carton and Kelner-Pillault (Cynipidae, Hymenoptera), a larval parasitoid of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. Prepupal diapause was induced by low temperature (17.5°C) but absent at 25°C; it was independent of photoperiod.
2. Four populations which originated from different latitudes (4°S to 44°N) exhibit the same response to temperature without any major genetic geographical variation.
3. In temperate areas, this diapause may permit a phenological and temporal coincidence between the parasitoid and its host whose larval growth is only possible for temperatures above 13°C.
4. The significance of the persistence of this diapause in tropical areas is discussed.