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1.
生物技术药物产业化发展的新趋势   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
自从人类基因组计划完成以来 ,结构基因组、功能基因组、蛋白质组等研究计划相继启动 ,这为生物技术的发展注入了强大的活力。各国对此十分重视 ,并把生物技术产业的发展作为国家经济发展中新的增长点之一。美国生物技术药物产业化最早 ,投资最大 ,产品数量最多。由于FDA新领导人致力于改革 ,加快了审批速度 ,2 0 0 3年批准的生物技术药物数量创历年来新高 ,达 37个 (图 1 )。其中 2 5个新药 ,比2 0 0 2年增加了 2 5 % ,另外....  相似文献   

2.
我国生物技术及其产业发展的战略分析与思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
九十年代以来,随着人类基因组计划等各类生物基因组计划的相继展开,生物技术的发展呈现出前所未有的巨大活力。与此同时,生物技术产业迅速崛起,展现出十分诱人的前景,并已成为国际市场竞争的第二个热点领域。国际上一些大型企业通过收购(包括跨国的收购)、兼并、联合等手段,不断加强生物技术研究开发和产业发展的实力,使这一领域的竞争日趋激烈。经过20年的努力,我国的生物技术及产业取得了长足的发展。但是必须....  相似文献   

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比较基因组学和人类基因组研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在人类基因组计划突飞猛进地开展的同时,模式生物基因组计划也在轰轰烈烈地进行,并取得许多实质性的进展,是人类对于模式生物基因组有了更广泛更深刻的认识。这些知识的积累,从根本上推动了人类基因组计划的进行。  相似文献   

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人类基因组计划研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文简要介绍了人类基因组计划的研究目标、内容、策略和人类基因组计划研究的新进展,如遗传图谱、转录图谱的构建、序列分析、疾病基因的鉴定等。同时还介绍了可能加快基因组全序列分析的新策略和基因和基因组后研究的几种方法。  相似文献   

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本文简要介绍了人类基因组计划的研究目标、内容、策略和人类基因组计划研究的新进展,如遗传图谱、转录图谱的构建、序列分析、疾病基因的鉴定等。同时还介绍了可能力。快基因组全序列分析的新策略和基因组后研究的几种方法。  相似文献   

6.
比较基因组学和人类基因组研究   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
在人类基因组计划突飞猛时地开展的同时,模式生物基因组计划也在轰轰烈烈地进行,并取得许多实质性的进展,是人类对于模式生物基因组有了更广泛更深刻的认识。这些知识的积累,从根本上推动了人类基因组计划的进行。  相似文献   

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研发动态     
正科学家发起"人类基因组编写计划"在里程碑式的"人类基因组计划"结束10多年后,来自哈佛大学、麻省理工学院、纽约大学等知名学术机构的25名科学家近日通过美国《科学》杂志宣布,将于今年筹资1亿美元启动"人类基因组编写计划"(HGP-write),目标包括在10年内合成一条完整的人类基因组。"人类基因组计划"从1990年持  相似文献   

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微生物蛋白质组学研究进展   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
微生物基因组研究作为人类基因组计划的一部分 ,对人类基因组计划及微生物学 ,甚至整个生命科学都产生巨大的影响[1] 。人类基因组测序已经取得突破性进展 ,现已绘制完毕人类基因组的工作草图 ,人类基因组计划即将提前完成。目前已采用DNA RNA芯片和基因表达序列分析 (serialanalysisofgeneexpression ,SAGE)来研究基因组的功能[2 ,3 ] 。但随着对基因组研究的深入 ,人们认识到单纯从基因组信息并不可能完全揭示生命的奥秘。因为蛋白质是生物功能的体现者 ,这使我们不得不考虑基因编码的蛋白质有什…  相似文献   

9.
人类基因组研究进展及其产业化前景   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
人类基因组研究关系到人类生存与健康的各个方面 ,成为医药生物技术产业创新的重要源头 ,将产生巨大的社会效益和经济效益。 2 0世纪末启动的人类基因组计划被公认为是生命科学发展史上的里程碑 ,随着人类基因组、水稻基因组、拟南芥基因组及其它重要微生物等 5 0多种生物基因组全序列测定工作的完成 ,目前国际基因组研究开发的总体趋势已发生了变化 ,功能基因组研究成为竞争的焦点。我国在人类基因组研究方面已取得令人瞩目的成绩 ,如在世界上首次克隆了人神经性高频耳聋、遗传性乳光牙等一批疾病基因 ,收集、保存了一批宝贵的遗传资源 ,建立了国家级的、在国际上具有初步竞争实力的人类基因组研究基地等。综述了近年来人类基因组研究、开发现状及我国在该领域所具备的一些工作基础 ,并对加速我国人类基因组研究提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

10.
加强技术创新引领生物产业   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
随着人类基因组计划的提前完成,干细胞技术和克隆技术发展日新月异,生物技术及其产业化进程产生了质的飞跃,生物技术应用几乎遍及人类经济生活的每个领域,生物经济初露端倪。当前,生物技术及其产业发展呈现出四大态势:  相似文献   

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K. Hausmann 《Protoplasma》1979,100(2):199-213
Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.  相似文献   

13.
Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices  相似文献   

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Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418  相似文献   

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This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.  相似文献   

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