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1.
汽车尾气对四种北方阔叶树叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
采用开顶式熏气室研究了汽车尾气对五角槭、山荆子、山梨和茶条槭 4树种叶绿素荧光参数的影响。采用了相同浓度不同处理时间和相同处理时间不同浓度两种方法进行熏气处理。结果表明 ,随着熏气时间的延长和熏气浓度的增加 ,4树种的荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/F0 、ΦPSII、qP均逐渐降低 ,qN则逐渐上升。 4树种荧光参数的变化幅度不同 ,其中山荆子变化幅度最大 ,茶条槭的变化幅度最小 ,五角槭和山梨介于两者之间。以叶绿素荧光参数评价 4树种抗污染胁迫能力 ,茶条槭最强 ,五角槭和山梨次之 ,山荆子最弱。  相似文献   

2.
镉对茶条槭和五角槭光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以北方阔叶树种茶条槭(Acer ginnala)和五角槭(Acer mono)2年生苗木为材料,采用土壤和风化砂混合物作为盆栽基质,设置0(CK)、10、50、100、200 mg·kg-1 5种土壤镉浓度,研究了土壤镉胁迫对苗木叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:随着土壤镉胁迫浓度增加,茶条槭净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)先升后降,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)则先降后升,且均在10 mg·kg-1 Cd2+时达到峰值或谷值;同时五角槭的Pn逐渐降低,Ci持续升高,Gs和Tr则先升后降且均在10 mg·kg-1 Cd2+时达到峰值.随土壤镉处理浓度的增加,茶条槭和五角槭的Fv/Fm、Fv/F0和qN均呈先升后降趋势,ΦPSⅡ则均持续下降;qP在茶条槭表现为先升后降,而在五角槭则逐渐下降.所有指标(除Ci外)在随镉浓度的变化过程中,其上升幅度均为茶条槭大于五角槭,而下降幅度则为五角槭大于茶条槭.研究发现,重金属镉通过破坏或抑制光合作用过程来影响茶条槭和五角槭的生长,高浓度镉导致的Pn下降是由非气孔限制因素所致;茶条槭对土壤镉的耐性大于五角槭,100和50 mg·kg-1 Cd2+可能分别是茶条槭和五角槭对土壤镉污染的耐受极限.  相似文献   

3.
不同能源柳无性系对土壤镉污染的抗性研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
运为了比较不同能源柳无性系对土壤镉抗性的差异,采用盆栽方法,设置土壤镉含量5个梯度(0、10、20、40、80 mg·kg-1),以乡土旱柳为对照,对能柳1、能柳2、能柳E、能柳C的扦插幼苗对土壤镉污染的生理生态反应进行了系统测定,分析了不同无性系的抗性。结果显示,低浓度处理(≤20 mg·kg-1)促进苗木生长,其中能柳2在10 mg·kg-1处理下根和单株生物量增幅最大,可达到对照的132.0%和120.0%;随着镉浓度的增加,生长量下降,在最高浓度处理下,能柳C生长量降低最少,根、枝、叶和单株生物量分别为对照的86.1%、85.3%、82.9%、84.9%,旱柳的枝、叶生物量降低最多,为对照(无镉)的43.8%、45.0%,而能柳1的根、单株生物量降低最多,仅为对照的36.1%、44.4%;随着镉浓度的增加,不同能源柳无性系叶片的SOD、POD、CAT活性和根系活力基本呈现先升后降的趋势,其中,CAT活性变化较为平缓;关于SOD活性和根系活力,能柳1、能柳2在20 mg·kg-1时已显著下降,旱柳在40 mg·kg-1时显著下降,而能柳E、能柳C在40 mg·kg-1时才显著下降。采用隶属函数对5个无性系在镉胁迫条件下的生长和酶指标进行综合分析,不同无性系对土壤镉污染的抗性顺序为能柳C>能柳2>能柳1>旱柳>能柳E。不同无性系对镉均有抗性,都可在镉污染区推广种植,栽培中,应根据土壤污染和绿化目标,做出适当选择。  相似文献   

4.
土壤镉污染对四种阔叶树苗木叶绿素荧光特性和生长的影响   总被引:20,自引:4,他引:20  
采用盆栽方法研究了土壤镉污染对白牛槭、刺玫果、金银忍冬和东北山梅花叶绿素荧光参数及生物量的影响.设置0、50、100和200 mg·kg-1风干土4种镉浓度处理,测定苗木在不同镉浓度土壤中生长70 d后的叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,随着镉处理浓度的提高,4种树种的Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP均逐渐降低,qN则逐渐上升.4种苗木在一个生长季中的生物量累积随着镉浓度的增大逐渐降低.树种间荧光参数和生物量的变化幅度不同,白牛槭的变幅最大.刺玫果最小;以叶绿素荧光参数和生物量评价4树种抗镉污染能力,刺玫果最强、白牛槭最弱.  相似文献   

5.
以百合科宿根花卉大花萱草、“金娃娃”萱草、“甜心”玉簪、东北玉簪为研究材料,研究其在Cd质量浓度为40 mg/kg处理下,随着植物体内镉的积累,不同时期4种花卉生理生长的响应,并根据各项指标的测定结果对4种花卉的抗镉胁迫能力进行综合评定。结果表明,镉胁迫下,植株受害情况不仅受时间主效应的影响,还受时间×树种、时间×树种×质量浓度交互效应的影响。经方差分析和多重对比,并用隶属函数法进行综合评定,[JP3]得出4种花卉的抗镉胁迫能力强弱顺序依次为“甜心”玉簪、“金娃娃”萱草、大花萱草和东北玉簪。[JP]  相似文献   

6.
Pb胁迫条件下3种叶菜的生长和生理响应及其抗性差异   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用水培法研究了不同浓度(24、120和240 μmol·L-1)Pb胁迫条件下花芽甜麦菜(Sonchus lingiaus)、碧绿粗苔菜心(Brassica chinensis var. utilis)和空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)生长和部分生理指标(包括游离脯氨酸含量及SOD、POD和CAT活性)以及Pb吸收量的变化,并通过隶属函数法对3种叶菜的Pb抗性进行了综合比较.结果表明:Pb胁迫对3种叶菜单株地上部分鲜质量总体上影响不明显.随Pb胁迫浓度的提高,3种叶菜地上部分和地下部分Pb含量逐渐升高,且地下部分Pb含量均高于地上部分,Pb转运系数则显著降低(P<0.05);按Pb含量由高至低依次为空心菜、碧绿粗苔菜心、花芽甜麦菜.在Pb胁迫条件下,花芽甜麦菜中游离脯氨酸含量均略低于对照但差异不显著(P>0.05),空心菜中游离脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照,而碧绿粗苔菜心的游离脯氨酸含量仅在120和240 μmol·L-1Pb胁迫条件下显著高于对照.随Pb胁迫浓度提高,3种叶菜SOD活性呈逐渐增加的趋势,但总体上与对照差异不显著;经Pb胁迫处理后,3种叶菜的CAT活性或高于或低于对照,但在240 μmol·L-1Pb胁迫条件下花芽甜麦菜的CAT活性显著低于对照、碧绿粗苔菜心和空心菜的CAT活性显著高于对照;Pb胁迫后3种叶菜的POD活性未表现出明显的规律.经过综合评价,3种叶菜对Pb的抗性由大至小依次为碧绿粗苔菜心、空心菜、花芽甜麦菜.经过主成分分析,确定3种叶菜的游离脯氨酸含量、SOD和CAT活性为Pb胁迫的响应因子.  相似文献   

7.
择伐对阔叶红松林主要树种径向与纵向生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
蒋子涵  金光泽 《生态学报》2010,30(21):5843-5852
对择伐37a后的阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林与原始林主要组成树种的年轮和树高数据进行分析,旨在了解择伐对其径向与纵向生长的影响。结果表明:(1)择伐显著促进了主要树种的径向生长(P0.01),但生长增加量在树种间存在显著差异(P0.01),其反应的强弱与耐荫性有关(r=-0.79,P0.01),因择伐所导致的生长加速会持续26—29a。(2)择伐显著减小了主要树种的树高-胸径比(P0.01),即同等胸径时择伐林的树木较矮,因此在计算择伐林蓄积量时应对树高进行实测。(3)径向生长率与树高、胸径之间存在显著相关性(原始林:r=0.65*,r=0.58*;择伐林:r=0.53*,r=0.48*),择伐林内每一树高级的径向生长率均高于原始林,其中树高级在10m以下的树木差异最大(0.69),说明择伐有利于林下树木的生长。择伐显著增加了DBH40cm树木的径向生长率,其中胸径在20—40cm之间的树木有较大的伐后生长率,应予以保护。  相似文献   

8.
条浒苔和缘管浒苔对镉胁迫的生理响应比较   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
蒋和平  郑青松  朱明  刘兆普  姚瑶  刘国红 《生态学报》2011,31(16):4525-4533
为探讨大型海藻对重金属胁迫的生理响应及耐受机制,以条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)和缘管浒苔(Enteromorpha linza)为试验材料,研究了不同浓度的镉(Cd2 )处理7天对两个浒苔品种的生长、叶绿素(Chl)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性蛋白含量(SP)的影响。结果表明:随着Cd2 浓度的增加,条浒苔和缘管浒苔鲜重和相对生长速率(RGR)与对照相比显著下降,且条浒苔的鲜重和RGR降低幅度大于缘管浒苔。镉胁迫下,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素a/叶绿素b(Chla/Chlb)、PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光能转化效率(Yield)、最大相对电子传递速率(rETRmax即Pm)和光能利用效率(α)、可溶性蛋白含量随着Cd2 浓度的升高均出现下降趋势,除了叶绿素外,条浒苔的其它指标的降幅要大于缘管浒苔。随着镉胁迫强度的增加,浒苔可溶性糖含量呈现逐渐显著上升。上述表明,条浒苔和缘管浒苔对Cd2 胁迫均具有一定的适应能力,且缘管浒苔耐镉性高于条浒苔。在镉胁迫下,维持较高的Car含量、Chla/Chlb、Fv/Fm、Yield、rETRmax、α、SS含量、SP含量是缘管浒苔耐镉性高于条浒苔的主要原因。  相似文献   

9.
土壤干旱对黄土高原4个乡土树种生长及干物质分配的影响   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
研究了不同土壤水分条件对黄土高原4个乡土树种幼苗生长及干物质分配的影响.结果表明,中度干旱(50%~55%θf)下虎榛子(Ostryopsis davidiana Decne.)和白刺花(Sophora viciifolin Hance)的生物量比适宜水分下(70%~75%θf)增加20.23%和3.93%,而大叶细裂槭(Acer stenolobum Rehd.var.megalophyllum Fang et Wu)和辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.)生物量分别降低13.59%和35.25%;重度干旱(40%~45%θf)对幼苗生长均有明显抑制作用.白刺花地上部与地下部的生长受水分胁迫影响较小,较其他树种具有更强的耐旱性;干旱对辽东栎地上部生长的影响较地下部大,重度干旱下其生长明显受抑制.随干旱程度加剧幼苗的根冠比增大,在重度干旱下大叶细裂槭根冠比达2以上.虎榛子整体生长速度较慢,对干旱的适应可能更多表现在生理上的耐旱.  相似文献   

10.
该研究以燕麦品种‘燕科2号’(籽粒镉积累量高,Yh)和‘200919 7 1’(籽粒镉积累量低,Yl)为材料,采用盆栽试验,在土壤Cd胁迫条件下测定两种类型燕麦植株生长、叶片光合生理参数及抗氧化酶活性的变化,探讨两品种对Cd胁迫的响应差异。结果表明:(1)Cd胁迫条件下,燕麦品种Yh和Yl植株生长、气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光参数均受到抑制,并以单株干重、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)表现最为突出,Yh的降幅分别为38.2%、35.0%、14.7%,Yl降幅分别为40.8%、57.1%、27.3%。(2)镉胁迫均诱导增强了两个类型燕麦品种叶片抗氧化酶活性,尤其是SOD活性得到显著增强,Yh和Yl的增幅分别为41.9%和44.9%; Cd胁迫也显著提高了MDA含量,Yh和Yl的增幅分别达到22.2%和18.1%。研究发现,在Cd胁迫条件下,与低Cd积累燕麦品种相比,高Cd积累燕麦品种具有较高的生物量和抗氧化酶活性,以及较强的净光合速率和优异的叶绿素荧光特性,从而表现出较强的耐Cd性。  相似文献   

11.
基于用地适宜性评价的森林公园景点选址   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于DEM,利用GIS空间分析功能,选取坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、相对现有游道距离和相对现有景点距离等5个成本数据指标,分别对抚顺市新宾猴石国家森林公园用地进行适宜性评价,并构建了综合适宜性评价模型,进而将研究区划分为4个等级适宜性的开发建设区域。综合适宜性评价结果表明,Ⅰ等和Ⅱ等适宜开发区的面积均较大,二者共计占研究区总面积的89.7%,尤其是Ⅱ等适宜区的面积达到664.7 hm2,占研究区总面积的1/2以上,表明研究区大部分地区都可作为景区选址的开发建设用地;Ⅲ等适宜区的面积为126.3 hm2,约占总面积的9.7%;Ⅳ等适宜区的面积最小,为7.3 hm2,仅占总面积的0.6%。  相似文献   

12.
Since differences in metal accumulation may exist between bivalve species, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of cadmium (Cd) on Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum. For this, the Cd accumulation, mortality rates and biochemical responses were analysed in the two species after 5days of exposure, under laboratory-controlled conditions. The concentration of Cd that caused 50% of mortality on clams was two-times higher in R. decussatus than in R. philippinarum. For both species, higher percentage (84.5-98.2%) of the Cd was in the insoluble fraction, but the Cd concentration in solution was 3 to 8 times higher in R. decussatus. Nevertheless, R. philippinarum presented higher oxidative stress and higher CAT activity. The paradox observed between the two clams can be explained by the higher capacity of R. decussatus to increase the expression of MTs when exposed to Cd.  相似文献   

13.
         下载免费PDF全文
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and growth response of rice plants after exposure to single and combined contamination by Cu, Cd and Pb. The results showed that the biomass production was not significantly affected by either single or combined treatment of Cu, Cd and Pb. Adding Cu (Cd, or Pb) separately all increased concentrations of the respective element in root and shoot (p < 0.001). In the combined contamination, Pb promoted both root and shoot absorption of Cu and Cd (p < 0.001), and Cu affected Cd and Pb absorption in the root, but Pb concentrations in both root and shoot were not affected by Cd application. The formation of iron plaques varied obviously with soil types. Heavy metal accumulation in iron plaques was induced by the three elements (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the three heavy metals exhibited an interactive relationship as measured by the Cu, Cd, Pb and Fe concentrations in root surface iron plaques. The iron plaques partially inhibited transfer of Pb to root and shoot, but no such effect was observed for Cu and Cd. This research indicates that the interaction among different heavy metal elements is very complex. It is very important to have a clear understanding on the associated mechanism and the consequential impact on plant growth.  相似文献   

14.
         下载免费PDF全文
After 50 years of coal mining, Huaibei Mine, located at 50 km southeast of Xuzhou City in East China, has grown to a middle-size city of 600,000 people from a small village of 2000 farmers. The Zhahe Valley, with 400 km2 of a built-up area and more than 100 km2 of subsided peri-urban wetland at the city center, is surrounded by eight exhausted old mines and communities. In cooperation with the local city government, an ecological landuse change assessment and eco-city planning project has been carried out with a focus on the assessment, restoration and enhancement of the wetland as an eco-service to the community. The assessment includes relationships to Green House Gas emissions and heat island effects, as well as measures for a livable, workable, affordable and sustainable human settlement development through industrial transition, landscape design and capacity building. This paper will briefly introduce the main ecological approaches and results of the assessment, including measures such as changing the car-dominated transportation network to a rail-dominated network, transforming the coal-oriented high-carbon industry to a service-oriented low-carbon industry, the C-shape urban form to an O-shape with a green–blue core at the center, and the fragmentized collapsed land to integrative eco-service land.  相似文献   

15.
    
Huang Y Z  Hu Y  Liu Y X 《农业工程》2009,29(6):320-326
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and growth response of rice plants after exposure to single and combined contamination by Cu, Cd and Pb. The results showed that the biomass production was not significantly affected by either single or combined treatment of Cu, Cd and Pb. Adding Cu (Cd, or Pb) separately all increased concentrations of the respective element in root and shoot (p < 0.001). In the combined contamination, Pb promoted both root and shoot absorption of Cu and Cd (p < 0.001), and Cu affected Cd and Pb absorption in the root, but Pb concentrations in both root and shoot were not affected by Cd application. The formation of iron plaques varied obviously with soil types. Heavy metal accumulation in iron plaques was induced by the three elements (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the three heavy metals exhibited an interactive relationship as measured by the Cu, Cd, Pb and Fe concentrations in root surface iron plaques. The iron plaques partially inhibited transfer of Pb to root and shoot, but no such effect was observed for Cu and Cd. This research indicates that the interaction among different heavy metal elements is very complex. It is very important to have a clear understanding on the associated mechanism and the consequential impact on plant growth.  相似文献   

16.
    
Exposure of plants to heavy metals severely affects their growth and physiological processes. Nevertheless, different plants show variable responses to different heavy metals, generally in a concentration-dependent manner. In this study, phytotoxic effects of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) applied as chlorides at concentration 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 ppm were evaluated on seed germination, early seedling growth and dry biomass of pea (Pisum sativum L.). A lower concentration (500 ppm) of Pb promoted seed germination but declined other growth parameters. Higher concentration had a phytotoxic influence on the pea. Cd and Co severely affected germination and seedling growth of pea resulting in complete failure of germination and seedling growth at higher metal concentration. Tolerance index (TI) calculated for seed germination and dry biomass indicated that tested plant had zero tolerance to 1250 ppm of Cd as well as 750 ppm and higher concentrations of Co. The order of heavy metals for their phytotoxic effects was Co > Cd > Pb. The study suggests that P. sativum is relatively tolerant to Pb but highly sensitive to Co and Cd.  相似文献   

17.
镉污染对水稻土微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响   总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35  
水稻盆栽条件下,研究了外源Cd不同处理对土壤微生物学指标、土壤酶活性及部分水稻生理指标的影响.结果表明,土壤微生物量C和N开始随Cd浓度增加而上升,到一定浓度时则随Cd浓度增加而下降,其转折点因土壤性质有所差异.同时土壤酶活性变化规律与土壤微生物量C、N变化规律相似,但其转折点浓度因土壤类型及土壤酶种类不同而有差异.Cd污染后的变异系数依次为:脱氢酶>酸性磷酸酶>脲酶.土壤呼吸作用强度和代谢熵都随Cd浓度增大而缓慢增加.水稻叶绿素含量随Cd处理浓度增加表现出先上升后下降,其转折点受供试土壤性质不同而不同;脯氨酸含量与过氧化物酶活性随着Cd处理浓度增大而增加.Cd污染后水稻生理指标的变异系数在黄松田水稻土中依次为过氧化物酶活性>叶绿素含量>脯氨酸含量;黄红壤性水稻土中依次为过氧化物酶活性>脯氨酸含量>叶绿素含量.相关分析表明,种植水稻条件下Cd污染对土壤微生物量、酶活性及水稻生理指标的影响是相辅相成的.  相似文献   

18.
“Aerobic rice” system is the cultivation of nutrient-responsive cultivars in nonflooded and nonsaturated soil under supplemental irrigation. It is intended for lowland areas with water shortage and for favorable upland areas with access to supplementary irrigation. Yield decline caused by soil sickness has been reported with continuous monocropping of aerobic rice grown under nonflooded conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the growth response of rice plant to oven heating of soil with a monocropping history of aerobic rice. A series of pot experiments was conducted with soils from fields where rice has been grown continuously under aerobic or anaerobic (flooded) conditions. Soil was oven heated at different temperatures and for various durations. Plants of Apo, an upland variety that does relatively well under the aerobic conditions of lowland, were grown aerobically without fertilizer inputs in all six experiments. Plants were sampled during vegetative stage to determine stem number, plant height, leaf area, and total biomass. Heating of soil increased plant growth greatly in soils with an aerobic history but a relatively small increase was observed in soils with a flooded history as these plants nearly reached optimum growth. A growth increase with continuous aerobic soil was already observed with heating at 90°C for 12 h and at 120°C for as short as 3 h. Maximum plant growth response was observed with heating at 120°C for 12 h. Leaf area was most sensitive to soil heating, followed by total biomass and stem number. We conclude that soil heating provides a simple and quick test to determine whether a soil has any sign of sickness that is caused by continuous cropping of aerobic rice.  相似文献   

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