铜绿假单胞菌抗菌物质对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性研究

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌抗菌物质对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus,MRSA)的体外抑菌活性。方法用交叉划线接种方法进行铜绿假单胞菌对32株耐甲氧西林金葡菌的体外抗菌活性的测定。结果铜绿假单胞菌抗菌物质对MRSA的体外抑菌活性良好,产生色素的菌株的抗菌活性最好,15株铜绿假单胞菌中,7株产蓝绿色色素的铜绿假单胞菌,对MRSA的抑制率均达到了100%,平均抑菌带的宽度为37.7 mm。结论铜绿假单胞菌抗菌物质对32株MRSA具有较强的抗菌活性,无疑对MRSA感染的抗菌药物研制方面开辟了一条新的途径。这是国内的首次研究报道。     

2009年度宁波市妇儿医院主要病原菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的了解宁波市妇儿医院主要病原菌的临床分布及耐药性分析。方法血液培养采用法国生物梅里埃公司的BacT/Alert3D,菌株鉴定采用法国生物梅里埃公司的VITEK 60分析仪,药敏试验采用K-B法,纸片扩散确证试验检测ESBLs。结果前10位细菌构成比依次是大肠埃希菌(13.4%)、白色念珠菌(8.7%)、阴道加德纳菌(7.8%)、表皮葡萄球菌(6.9%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(5.6%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(4.9%)、鲍曼复合醋酸钙不动杆菌(3.9%)、粪肠球菌(D群)(3.1%)、铜绿假单胞菌(2.7%)和溶血葡萄球菌(2.0%)。大肠埃希菌539株中产ESBLs阳性率为52.5%,肺炎克雷伯菌195株中产ESBLs阳性率为45.2%。大肠埃希菌主要分离于尿液,其次是脓液/切口。肺炎克雷伯菌在痰及咽拭子中所占比例最高。46株铜绿假单胞菌和11株鲍曼复合醋酸钙不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药。结论对产ESBLs的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)、耐亚胺培南的鲍曼复合醋酸钙不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌,应加强隔离预防,控制在医院内的扩散,减少耐药菌株产生。     

伤口分泌物的病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的调查福建省龙岩市第二医院伤口分泌物病原菌的分布及耐药情况,为合理应用抗生素提供依据。方法收集2012年1月至2013年5月患者伤口分泌物标本,采用常规方法进行分离培养,用VITEK-2 Compact全自动微生物分析仪系统进行鉴定及药敏分析。结果送检503份标本,培养阳性272份,阳性率为54. 1% ;病原菌检出343株,其中革兰阴性菌189株占55. 1%,革兰阳性菌151株占44.0%,真菌3株占0.9% ;前5位的病原菌分别为金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）的检出率分别是30.4%、82. 1%。粪肠球菌中耐高浓度氨基糖苷类肠球菌（HLAR）的检出率为55%。革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、替加环素、利奈唑胺未出现耐药菌株。铜绿假单胞菌、肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为5. 6%、0。大肠埃希菌中超广谱P-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的检出率是42.9%。鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率最低为25.0%,对其他抗菌药物耐药严重,多数抗菌药物的耐药率均〉45%。结论伤口感染的主要病原菌是革兰阴性菌,多重耐药菌株比例较高,临床应根据药敏结果合理选用抗生素,减少新的耐药菌株出现。     

2004～2010年武汉同济医院临床分离多重耐药菌株监测分析

目的了解武汉同济医院2004年至2010年临床分离多重耐药菌株的检出情况。方法对临床分离菌株,采用纸片扩散法按统一的方案进行药敏试验。按照CLSI 2009年标准进行判断。结果 2004年至2010年该院耐甲氧西林金葡菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRSCN）的检出率分别在35.6%～63.8%和21.5%～61.4%。2004年至2010年共检出36株耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）。大肠埃希菌产ESBLs株检出率在29.6%～81.7%,肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs株检出率在36.0%～56.6%,产酸克雷伯产ESBLs株检出率在35.3%～67.4%,奇异变形杆菌产ESBLs株检出率在0～26.2%。自2005年起每年均有泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的检出。结论该院2004年至2010年多重耐药菌株呈增多趋势,尤其是VRE和泛耐药的铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的出现,给临床治疗带来了严峻挑战。     

重症监护室患者血流感染菌谱构成及耐药性分析

目的 了解综合性医院重症监护室患者血流感染病原菌分布及其耐药性.方法 回顾性调查2011年6月至2012年6月南昌大学第二附属医院ICU患者血培养情况,对分离菌株及其药敏结果进行统计分析,所有数据采用WHONET 5.5软件分析.结果 1764例患者血培养共分离获得482株病原菌,总阳性率为27.32％.其中革兰阳性球菌占39.83％(192/482),革兰阴性杆菌占51.04％ (246/482),真菌占8.09％ (39/482).最常见的感染菌分别为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌.金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的耐甲氧西林发生率分别为88.24％及90.48％,对青霉素的耐药率均为100％,未检测到耐万古霉素的葡萄球菌.金黄色葡萄球菌与表皮葡萄球菌比较,耐药率有统计学意义的只有复方新诺明,耐药率分别为5.88％和63.49％,金黄色葡萄球菌对复方新诺明(5.88％)和夫西地酸(11.76％)耐药率较低;大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率最低的是亚胺培南,分别为13.04％及11.11％;铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为20.00％,而鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南的耐药率高达92.68％.结论 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、鲍曼不动杆菌等是重症监护室患者血流感染的常见病原菌,其耐药及多重耐药性均较严重.     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌和肠球菌blaTEM及tetM基因检测

目的了解临床分离的耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)和肠球菌中blaTEM及tetM基因存在状况。方法分离50株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),7株耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSE)、5株耐甲氧西林溶血葡萄球菌(MRSH)、15株粪肠球菌和9株屎肠球菌,采用PCR技术检测耐药基因。结果MRSA、MRSE、MRSH、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌中blaTEM基因阳性率分别为40.0%、57.1%、60.0%、6.7%和88.9%,tetM基因阳性率分别为100%、0%、0%、66.7%、0%。结论blaTEM基因阳性率在MRS中较高,在屎肠球菌中则很高;携带tetM基因是MRSA和粪肠球菌对四环素耐药的主要原因。     

下呼吸道感染流行菌及其耐药性

目的:研究本院下呼吸道感染流行菌及其耐药性,为合理使用抗生素提供依据.方法:对下呼吸道感染流行菌进行统计分析.结果:检出病原菌716株,革兰阴性杆菌为主要菌种,而G杆菌中铜绿假单胞菌占13.69%,肺炎克雷伯菌占8.8%,不动杆菌属占8.4%.除嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌外,G杆菌对亚胺培南、阿米卡星敏感性高.G 球菌以表皮葡萄球菌、溶血葡萄球菌为主要菌种,耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌(MRSS)的检出率为85.3%,耐甲氧西林溶血葡萄球菌的检出率为91.6%.真菌分离呈增多趋势,占所有病原菌的23.28%.结论:下呼吸道感染流行菌药敏显示耐药水平较多,临床医生应根据药敏结果合理选择抗生素,以利于疾病的治疗.     

2013年临床分离菌耐药性分析

目的了解南昌大学第二附属医院2013年临床分离菌对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法采用纸片扩散法或自动化仪器法进行药敏试验,参照CLSI 2013年版判读结果,用WHONET5.5软件进行数据分析。结果2013年共收集非重复临床分离菌3996株,其中革兰阴性菌2 623株（65.6%）,革兰阳性菌1 373株（34.4%）。标本来源以痰液为主（23.2%）,其次为血液（21.6%）和尿液（17.8%）。居前5位的菌种依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌,分别占20.9%、10.1%、9.4%、8.7%和7.4%。甲氧西林耐药金葡菌和CNS（MRSA和MRCNS）分别占各自菌株的21.3%和82.0%,未发现对万古霉素和替加环素耐药的葡萄球菌。肺炎链球菌中青霉素耐药株占16.4%,β溶血性链球菌对红霉素、克林霉素和四环素耐药率较高。屎肠球菌对多数抗菌药物的耐药率高于粪肠球菌,共检测出2株粪肠球菌对万古霉素耐药。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属细菌（肺炎克雷伯菌、产酸克雷伯菌）中ESBLs的检出率分别为60.2%和27.2%,产ESBLs株对大多数抗菌药物的耐药率高于非产ESBLs株。肠杆菌科细菌对厄他培南和亚胺培南的耐药率均低于10%。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为8.7%。鲍曼不动杆菌除对左氧氟沙星耐药率为34.6%外,对其他常用抗菌药物的耐药率均大于50.0%,多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌的检出率为74.9%。结论我院临床分离菌仍以革兰阴性杆菌为主,细菌耐药性仍是临床重要问题,尤其是耐碳青霉烯类抗生素肺炎克雷伯菌（CRKP）增加较快,应引起临床高度重视。     

医院血流感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解医院血流感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性,为临床治疗提供参考。方法收集2013年1月至12月浙江中医药大学附属第一医院患者血培养标本,采用WHONET 5.6软件对所分离的病原菌及药敏结果进行统计分析。结果 2 017份血培养标本共检出病原菌370株,阳性率为18.34%,其中革兰阳性菌142株占38.38%,革兰阴性菌213株占57.57%,真菌15株,占4.05%。排名前5位病原菌依次是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、肠球菌属和金黄色葡萄球菌,分别占19.73%、17.03%、13.51%、6.22%和4.59%。除哌拉西林/他唑巴坦对大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌仍保持较高的抗菌活性外,革兰阴性菌尤其是肺炎克雷伯菌对多种药物均产生了严重耐药性,其中产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分别占46.80%和20.00%。革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺100%敏感,检出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)4株,占25.00%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNs)占92.00%,耐万古霉素的表皮葡萄球菌1株和耐万古霉素的粪肠球菌3株。结论血流感染病原菌分布复杂,以革兰阴性菌为主,耐药率高,且已出现耐万古霉素的表皮葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌,因此,进行早期监测和耐药性分析非常必要,对控制感染、指导合理使用抗菌药物,减缓耐药菌株的出现具有重要的临床意义。     

鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌在低碱性氨基酸培养基中对抗菌药物的敏感性

为了探讨鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌在低碱性氨基酸培养基中对抗菌药物的敏感性,本研究利用常规培养基和低碱性氨基酸培养基,采用琼脂稀释法检测140株鲍曼不动杆菌和60株铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、帕尼培南和罗美培南的最低抑菌浓度,利用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏实验并计算敏感率。结果显示,在低碱性培养基中,铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌对三种药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值显著降低,铜绿假单胞菌在低碱性氨基酸培养基中对帕尼培南的敏感率显著上升,而鲍曼不动杆菌对三种药物的敏感性均显著上升。研究表明,在低碱性氨基酸培养基中,鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌对帕尼培南、亚胺培南和美罗培南的敏感性有所增强,在临床检验中需考虑由培养基导致的敏感性差异。     

Antibacterial activity of crude methanolic extract and its fractions of aerial parts of Anthemis tinctoria

The antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract and its fractions of aerial parts of Aniheinis tinctoria (Asteraceae) was investigated against representative gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and gram-negative strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). The activity was concentrated mainly in the dichloromethane (DCM) and hexane fractions of crude methanolic extract. The 5 mg of DCM extract per disk produced 15-16 mm of inhibition zone against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, however, no activity was found against E. faecalis and E. coli. The hexane fraction showed activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. As DCM fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity in the disk diffusion assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of only this fraction was determined against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These values were found to be in the range of 1.25 to 10 mg/ml.     

Antimicrobial activity of some Salvia species essential oils from Iran

The aerial parts of Salvia multicaulis, S. sclarea and S. verticillata were collected at full flowering stage. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by combination of capillary GC and GC-MS. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils were studied against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumulis, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three fungi (Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger). The results of antibacterial activity tests of the essential oils according to the disc diffusion method and MIC values indicated that all the samples have moderate to high inhibitory activity against the tested bacteria except for P. aeruginosa which was totally resistant. In contrast to antibacterial activity, the oils exhibited no or slight antifungal property, in which only the oil of S. multicaulis showed weak activity against two tested yeasts, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae.     

美洲大蠊成虫肠道抗细菌共生放线菌的筛选及鉴定

【目的】鉴于野外美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana对恶劣环境适应性强,本研究旨在从云南省大理州的野外美洲大蠊成虫肠道中分离、筛选出抗细菌活性放线菌,为抗生素开发提供菌种资源。【方法】采用涂布平板法和平板划线法对美洲大蠊成虫肠道放线菌进行分离;以金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa、粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis、大肠杆菌Escherichia coli和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella typhimurium共6种人体病原细菌为指示菌株,采用牛津杯法对分离自这些放线菌的次生代谢产物进行抗菌活性测定;通过形态学特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析,对具有广谱和明显抗菌活性的放线菌进行鉴定,并经16SrRNA基因序列的BlAST同源性比对及系统发育分析确定它们的分类地位。【结果】从美洲大蠊成虫肠道共分离获得41株放线菌。抗菌活性测定结果表明,34株(82.9%)放线菌对至少1种指示病原细菌具有抑制作用,其中有7株对3种以上病原细菌具有抑制作用,9株表现出明显的抗菌活性。根据系统发育分析结果,这些放线菌均被鉴定为链霉菌属Streptomyces spp.。【结论】野外美洲大蠊成虫肠道含有丰富的抗细菌活性的放线菌资源,为后续挖掘新型抗生素提供重要的微生物资源。     

Syntheses and biological studies of novel spiropiperazinyl oxazolidinone antibacterial agents using a spirocyclic diene derived acylnitroso Diels-Alder reaction

Several novel oxazolidinone antibiotics with a spiropiperazinyl substituent at the 4'-position of the phenyl ring were synthesized through nitroso Diels-Alder chemistry and the in vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against various Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and mycobacteria (Mycobacterium vaccae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Analogs (8a and 12) were active against selected drug resistant microbes, like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and had no mammalian toxicity in a Hep-2 cellular assay (CC(50) >100 μM).     

Bactericidal activity of human peritoneal macrophages from patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal macrophages (PM) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of bacterial peritonitis, the main complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). We determined the antibacterial activity of PM from 31 PD patients using gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) test organisms. In an 8-hour test assay, PM revealed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli [median bactericidal index (Bi) = 5.46 representing 0.74 log growth inhibition compared to controls] and the lowest against P. aeruginosa (Bi = 1.63, 0.21 log growth inhibition, p less than 0.05). The antibacterial activity against S. aureus (Bi = 1.99, 0.3 log growth inhibition) and S. epidermidis (Bi = 2.0, 0.31 log growth inhibition) was within this range. When compared to peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PM reached only 4% (S. aureus) and 8.1% (E. coli) of their antibacterial activity (p less than 0.05). Using E. coli as a test organism, PM isolated after a 4-hour dialysis period revealed the highest antibacterial activity when compared to PM isolated after longer dialysis periods (p less than 0.05). Increasing the duration of PD to 6 and 8 h subsequently decreased the antibacterial activity of PM, suggesting that unphysiologic concentrations of toxic metabolites in the peritoneal effluent might have a harmful influence on PM functions.     

Antibacterial activity of plasma from crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) against pathogenic bacteria

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) is a critically endangered species of freshwater crocodiles. Crocodilians live with opportunistic bacterial infection but normally suffer no adverse effects. They are not totally immune to microbial infection, but their resistance thereto is remarkably effective. In this study, crude and purified plasma extracted from the Siamese crocodile were examined for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated, human pathogenic bacterial strains and the related reference strains. METHODS: Crude plasma was prepared from whole blood of the Siamese crocodile by differential sedimentation. The crude plasma was examined for antibacterial activity by the liquid growth inhibition assay. The scanning electron microscopy was performed to confirm the effect of crude crocodile plasma on the cells of Salmonella typhi ATCC 11778. Effect of crude crocodile plasma on cell viability was tested by MTT assay. In addition, the plasma was purified by anion exchange column chromatography with DEAE-Toyopearl 650M and the purified plasma was tested for antibacterial activity. RESULTS: Crude plasma was prepared from whole blood of the Siamese crocodile and exhibited substantial antibacterial activities of more than 40% growth inhibition against the six reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the four clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Vibrio cholerae. Especially, more than 80% growth inhibition was found in the reference strains of Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis and in the clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae. The effect of the crude plasma on bacterial cells of Salmonella typhi, a certain antibacterial material probably penetrates progressively into the cytoplasmic space, perturbing and damaging bacterial membranes. The effect of the crude plasma was not toxic by the yellow tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using a macrophage-like cell, RAW 264.7. The pooled four fractions, designated as fractions D1-D4, were obtained by column chromatography, and only fraction D1 showed growth inhibition in the reference strains and the clinical, human pathogenic isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The crude and purified plasma from the Siamese crocodile significantly showed antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria and reference strains by damage cell membrane of target bacterial cells. From the MTT assay, the Siamese crocodile plasma was not cytotoxic to the cells.     

Novel 4-N-substituted aryl pent-2-ene-1,4-dione derivatives of piperazinyloxazolidinones as antibacterials

A few substituted piperazinylphenyloxazolidinone compounds 6-13 having substitution on the distant nitrogen atom of piperazine ring scaffold have been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity in Gram-positive bacteria. A few compounds showed superior in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes than linezolid and eperezolid.     

Species-specific sensitivity of coagulase-negative Staphylococci to single antibiotics and their combinations

The activity of beta-lactam antibiotics (oxacillin, cloxacillin, cephalotin), vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin applied in vitro individually and in combination against 37 nosocomial methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was assessed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of this group of bacteria and estimate the chance of the efficacy of such therapy. The strains belonged to four species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus hominis. They originated from a hospital environment and from the skin of medical staff of the intensive care unit of a paediatric ward at a university hospital. All strains were methicillin-resistant, according to CLSI standards, but individual strains differed in MIC(ox) values. Susceptibility to other tested antibiotics was also characteristic for the species. The increased susceptibility to antibiotics in combinations, tested by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, concerned 26 out of 37 investigated strains and it was a feature of a particular species. Combinations of vancomycin and cephalotin against S. epidermidis and oxacillin with vancomycin were significant, as well as cephalotin and rifampicin in growth inhibition of multiresistant S. haemolyticus strains.     

Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook et Arn

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of seven ethanolic extracts and three aqueous extracts from various parts (leaves, stems and flowers) of A. aroma against 163 strains of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The disc diffusion assay was performed to evaluate antibacterial activity of the A. aroma crude extracts, against several Gram-positive bacteria (E. faecalis, S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. aureus ATCC 29213, E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli., K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, M morganii, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, E. coli ATCC 35218, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, E. coli ATCC 25922). All ethanolic extracts showed activity against gram-positive bacteria. Among all obtained extracts, only leaf and flower fluid extracts showed activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Based on this bioassay, leaf fluid extracts tended to be the most potent, followed by flower fluid extracts. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of extracts and antibiotics were comparatively determined by agar and broth dilution methods. Both extracts were active against S. aureus, coagulase-negative stahylococci, E. faecalis and E. faecium and all tested Gram-negative bacteria with MIC values from 0.067 to 0.308 mg/ml. In this study the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were identical or twice as high than the corresponding MIC for leaf extracts and four or eight times higher than MIC values for flower extracts. This may indicate a bactericidal effect. Stored extracts have similar antibacterial activity as recently obtained extracts. The A. aroma extracts of leaves and flowers may be useful as antibacterial agents against Gram- negative and Gram-positive antibiotic multi-resistant microorganisms.