关于雀苣（菊科）在中国的分布问题

我们于西藏发现雀苣(菊科)的标本,最终确定目前该种的国内分布地为西藏。     

西藏列当科新记录属——豆列当属

在西藏八宿县然乌镇安久拉山垭口进行植物多样性调查时,发现一种寄生植物,经过查阅文献、核对模式标本,最终鉴定为列当科(Orobanchaceae)豆列当属(Mannagettaea)植物矮生豆列当(Mannagettaea hummelii H. Smith)。该种分布在中国及俄罗斯(萨彦岭地区),国内记载仅分布在甘肃、青海、四川;西藏为新记录属。该发现丰富了西藏的植物区系,同时将矮生豆列当分布海拔提升至4 459 m。凭证标本现存于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

西藏蠓类名录、地理分布及区系分析(双翅目,蠓科)

根据1987年以来野外调查资料,分析了西藏已知蠓类种类、地理分布及区系特点。目前已知西藏蠓科昆虫4亚科14属31亚属151种,占我国已知蠓类(约1100种)的13.73%。其中,仅在西藏有分布并以西藏为模式产地的特有种为99种,占西藏已知蠓种的65.56%。区系分析表明,在所报道的西藏蠓科151种中,古北界15种,占西藏蠓种总数的9.93%,均分布于青藏区青海藏南亚区;东洋界131种,占西藏蠓种总数的86.75%,有105种分布于西南区喜马拉雅亚区,有18种分布于西南区西南山地亚区,有8种分布于喜马拉雅亚区和西南山地亚区;两界均有分布的有5种,占西藏蠓种总数的3.31%。     

西藏珍珠茅属(莎草科)植物增补

发现了分布于西藏的2个珍珠茅属新记录种:小型珍珠茅和毛果珍珠茅,并补充记载了2个新记录种的文献和标本引证。     

泛喜马拉雅地区党参属六个新种和一个新亚种

描述了在泛喜马拉雅地区发现的党参属六个新种和一个新亚种。Codonopsis campanulata和C．reflexa 分布于尼泊尔,C．bomiensis发现于西藏的波密和米林,其余都产自四川西部。六个新种均附有精美的线条图。     

粗毛肉果草青藏高原新分布

报道了青藏高原通泉草科(Mazaceae)肉果草属(Lancea)粗毛肉果草(Lancea hirsuta Bonati)新分布。该种分布于西藏八宿县(30°12′3.8″N,97°16′48″E)、西藏林周县(30°4′58.8″N,91°16′48″E)、西藏当雄县(30°32′24″N,91°20′24″E)和青海杂多县(33°4′48″N,95°9′36″E),该次发现将中国该种自然分布区扩大到西藏、青海等地,海拔分布也增加至4 300m。凭证标本现存于中国科学院青藏高原生物标本馆(HNWP)。     

中国兰科植物研究杂记

中国西藏墨脱县位于东喜马拉雅和印缅交界地区,是雅鲁藏布江大峡谷国家级自然保护区的核心区域,是喜马拉雅生物多样性热点地区之一。该文通过对中国西藏墨脱的科学考察,报道了中国兰科植物2个新记录种,即西藏牛角兰(Ceratostylis radiata)和格当石豆兰(Bulbophyllum psychoon),并提供了描述和图片。西藏牛角兰花为纯白色,花辐射对称,唇瓣3裂,茎长2~2.5 cm,明显区别于该属内其他种。格当石豆兰与齿瓣石豆兰(Bulbophyllum levinei)相似,但不同之处在于格当石豆兰的花瓣卵形,先端锐尖。凭证标本分别保存于西藏自治区高原生物研究所(XZ)和中国科学院植物研究所(PE)标本馆中。2个新记录种原分布均在印度、缅甸和越南等地区,在中国西藏的发现说明了中国西藏墨脱的植物区系和原分布地有一定的关系,同时也印证了中国西藏墨脱属于亚热带地区,且2个新记录种的分布海拔超出了原分布地范围,开花的时间也相对推迟。此新记录种的发现对摸清该区植物种类和丰富中国西藏植物区系提供了更加详实的资料。     

中国兰科植物研究杂记（英文）

中国西藏墨脱县位于东喜马拉雅和印缅交界地区,是雅鲁藏布江大峡谷国家级自然保护区的核心区域,是喜马拉雅生物多样性热点地区之一。该文通过对中国西藏墨脱的科学考察,报道了中国兰科植物2个新记录种,即西藏牛角兰(Ceratostylis radiata)和格当石豆兰(Bulbophyllum psychoon),并提供了描述和图片。西藏牛角兰花为纯白色,花辐射对称,唇瓣3裂,茎长2～2.5 cm,明显区别于该属内其他种。格当石豆兰与齿瓣石豆兰(Bulbophyllum levinei)相似,但不同之处在于格当石豆兰的花瓣卵形,先端锐尖。凭证标本分别保存于西藏自治区高原生物研究所(XZ)和中国科学院植物研究所(PE)标本馆中。2个新记录种原分布均在印度、缅甸和越南等地区,在中国西藏的发现说明了中国西藏墨脱的植物区系和原分布地有一定的关系,同时也印证了中国西藏墨脱属于亚热带地区,且2个新记录种的分布海拔超出了原分布地范围,开花的时间也相对推迟。此新记录种的发现对摸清该区植物种类和丰富中国西藏植物区系提供了更加详实的资料。     

条叶雪莲,中国菊科一新记录种

报道了中国菊科风毛菊属一新记录种:条叶雪莲(Saussurea linearifolia Ludlow),并根据馆藏标本提供特征描述。本种以前记载分布于尼泊尔和印度的喜马拉雅地区,我国西藏吉隆为首次发现。     

马科在中国的分布与现状

蒙古野驴(Asinus h．hemionus)分布于内蒙和甘肃西北角、新疆东北部至准噶尔盆地西部。1982年航调,卡拉麦里山保护区内有356头,O.02头／平方公里;1986年调查为O.03头／平方公里。估计目前我国境内不超过2000头。西藏野驴(Asinus k.kiang)分布于西藏西部、新疆南缘山地;A.k.holdereri分布于除湟水河谷外青海全境、四川西北角、甘肃祁连山。1984年调查,阿尔金山保护区内有41,262头,0.917头／平方公里。估计我国境内种群约在20万头上。多年考察未发现野马(Equus przewalskii),目前可能在北塔山以东尚有少数残存。     

Morphometric study of the genus Panstrongylus Berg, 1879 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

The subfamily Triatominae is actually represented by 137 species distributed among 6 tribes and 19 genera. Within this subfamily, the genus Panstrongylus, Berg 1879, is composed by 13 species widespread in sylvatic, peridomestic, and domestic habitats of Neotropical regions. These species are vectors of Chagas disease and consequently are found associated with its main hosts, such as birds and mammals. Interest in species of this genus has been increasing in the last few years. Reports of several authors indicate these Triatominae to invade and colonize houses, increasing their epidemiological significance. Morphometry was used in this study to investigate correlations among possible closely related species. We measured 224 specimens among 13 species through a set of metric variables of the head. The results indicated that the genus Panstrongylus seems to be homogeneous since 10 of the 14 species were shown to be closely related.     

A new species of Armodoris (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Akiodorididae) from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Recently collected specimens of Armodoris from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, were morphologically examined and sequenced. Comparison between this new material and literature sources revealed that it belongs to an undescribed species, Armodoris anudeorum. Although this new species is externally very similar to Armodoris antarctica (the only previously known species of Armodoris), these two species differ in several details of their external morphology, and particularly in their reproductive anatomy and radular morphology. This is the second known species of Armodoris; thus, this paper doubles the known diversity of this exclusively Antarctic group.     

Parasitofauna study of the brown trout, Salmo trutta (Pisces, Teleostei) from Corsica (Mediterranean island) rivers

Corsica is a Mediterranean island characterised by a great number of rivers. Salmonides are the main fishes which populate these rivers. Very appreciated by fishermen, Salmonides are represented by three species in the insular hydrographical network, among which an autochthonous species, the brown trout (Salmo trutta). In the present work, we have analysed the parasitofauna of this species. According to our knowledge, this research has never been carried out in Corsica. In a first step, we drew up an inventory of the parasites found in this freshwater fish. In a second step, we studied the differences which appeared in the composition of parasite communities of this species.     

Postembryonic development of Phyllodiaptomus blanci (Guerne & Richard, 1896) (Copepoda,Calanoida)

All the postembryonic developmental instars of Phyllodiaptomus blanci (Guerne & Richard, 1896), reared in the laboratory, are described and illustrated. The larval affinities of this species vis-a-vis certain other diaptomid species are mentioned.     

A new species of Centruroides (Scorpiones,Buthidae) from Colima,Mexico

As part of an ongoing survey of scorpion diversity in Colima, Mexico, the isolated mountain Cerro Grande, part of the Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Manantlán, was investigated. Centruroides possanii sp. nov., the fifth species of the genus from the state, was discovered during fieldwork in the massif and is described in the present paper. Physiographical and climatic features of Cerro Grande may restrict the range of this new species; thus, we hypothesized that it may be a microendemic species that requires priority conservation. The new species is not assigned to any Centruroides species group recognized because some of its morphological features do not fit the current diagnosis of any of these groups, and these different groups are non-monophyletic and consequently ill-diagnosed. The new species is profusely illustrated, particularly the hemispermatophore. A distribution map is presented along with the other two more common species distributed in Colima. Because only indirect data on the potency of its venom is available, the medical importance of this new species described here is yet to be known.     

The genus Unixenus Jones, 1944 (Diplopoda, Penicillata, Polyxenida) in Australia

The penicillate genus Unixenus Jones, 1944 is widespread, with species found in Africa, Madagascar, India and Australia. Each of the two Australian species was originally described from single samples from Western Australia. In this study, collections of Penicillata from museums in all states of Australia were examined to provide further details of the two described species, to revise the diagnoses for both the genus and the species, and to better understand the distribution of the two species in Australia. In addition, two new species Unixenus karajinensissp. n. and Unixenus corticolussp. n. are described.     

New taxa of terrestrial molluscs from Turkey (Gastropoda, Pristilomatidae, Enidae, Hygromiidae, Helicidae)

This paper reports on results of several collecting trips of the authors in Turkey. In the course of this research, a long-lasting question was addressed. It could be proven that the nominal species Bulimus frivaldskyi L. Pfeiffer, 1847 is closely related to Meijeriella canaliculata Bank, 1985, and thus this species is shifted from the genus Ena Turton, 1831, to the genus Meijeriella Bank, 1985. Meijeriella canaliculata Bank, 1985, could be recorded from Turkey for the first time. The nomenclatural situation of the species Euchondrus septemdentatus (Roth, 1839) vs. its replacement name Euchondrus borealis (Mousson, 1874) is discussed. A new arrangement of the species formely comprised in the genus Zebrina Held, 1837 is presented, and the genera Rhabdoena Kobelt & Moellendorff, 1902, and Leucomastus A. Wagner, 1927 are re-established. The following species and subspecies new to science could be described: Vitrea gosteliisp. n. (Pristilomatidae), Turanena demirsoyisp. n., Euchondrus paucidentatussp. n., Rhabdoena gosteliisp. n. (all Enidae), Metafruticicola kizildagensissp. n. (Hygromiidae), and Assyriella thospitis menkhorstissp. n. (Helicidae). For several other species, new distribution records are listed.     

Biometric variability of Hadwenius tursionis (Marchi, 1873) (Digenea,Campulidae) from the intestine of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821)

The species discrimination in the family Campulidae is largely based on morphometric characters (absolute measurements and ratios). To assess the variability of this characters we have studied the campulid species Hadwenius tursionis from four Mediterranean bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the Western Mediterranean. In H. tursionis most absolute measurements differed significantly across the infrapopulations, showing high coefficients of variation. Only egg dimensions appeared to be fairly conservative. Body ratios were less variable than absolute measurements, but growth patterns did vary significantly between the infrapopulations studied. None of the ratios previously used in relation to other species of the family Campulidae indicated either isometric or allometric growth in this case. Only the ratios concerning the size of the gonads and the shape of the gonads and suckers showed isometry. It is concluded that absolute measurements and ratios should be used with caution in relation to the separation of species of the family Campulidae unless their intrinsic variability can be established beforehand.     

The ontogeny of Loxoconcha japonica Ishizaki, 1968 (Cytheroidea, Ostracoda, Crustacea)

The ontogeny of the cytheroidean species Loxoconcha japonica is documented from the earliest instar to the adult. The first instar (instar A-8) of L. japonica is different from that of cypridoidean species in that it has an additional appendage, the furca, present. From instar A-7 onwards, the appearance of the appendages is similar to that of cypridoidean and bairdioidean species. The furca is well developed in instars A-8 to A-5, and is probably an important appendage in these early instars, despite its reduced form in the adults. Some appendages of L. japonica (e.g. the antennae) gain very few setae and claws through ontogeny, compared with species from other superfamilies. This possibly reflects paedomorphic evolution of this species.     

半蓝角伪叶甲的再描述（鞘翅目：拟步甲科：伪叶甲亚科）

半蓝角伪叶甲Cerogria basalis(Hope,1831)为角伪叶甲属Cerogria Borchmann,1909的1个大型种,过去仅知道分布于印度,尼泊尔,波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那,一直缺乏详细和正式的形态描述。近年来,我们从云南采集到该种的雌虫和雄虫。本文对该种雌性和雄性成虫,特别是触角、腹板和雄性外生殖器特征作了详细描述。提供了该种雌、雄两性成虫的背面观和腹面观以及生境照片,以及触角、雄性末节腹板以及雄性外生殖器特征图片。本文还讨论了种内变异。这些工作为该种的正确鉴定提供了依据。