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微生物在实际应用中表现出巨大的功能潜力,但游离的微生物生产成本较高、作用效率较低、环境耐受性较差及可回收率较低,而固定化技术可以提高微生物上述性质且已在多个领域得到应用。固定化方法有多种,以吸附为基础的联合固定取得较显著成果,提高载体材料对微生物的吸附量及吸附力具有重要意义,开发高效、耐用、低廉的载体材料是微生物固定化技术得以推广应用的关键。综述了天然生物质材料固定微生物并用于环境治理的应用现状。对基于生物质材料的载体改性优化及菌丝球替代载体的相关研究进行了总结及展望,强调未来通过化学工程与基因工程相结合的策略调控微生物固定化应用效率。 相似文献
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生物固定化技术及其应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生物固定化技术具有小型高效、稳定性好、操作简便、易实现连续化、自动化控制等优点,在生物、医药、农业、食品、化工、能源开发、环境保护等方面得到了广泛应用.当前生物固定化的材料已由单一的酶发展到含酶菌体或菌体碎片.固定化方法主要包括载体结合法、交联法和包埋法,这些方法近年来都通过发展新型材料和技术得到了长足发展,生物固定化技术在有机污染物净化、土壤重金属污染修复、真菌毒素降解、生物能源开发等方面都取得了重要进展.今后应在开发固定化生物资源、提高固定化微生物活性、固定化机理和应用等方面加强研究. 相似文献
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魔芋葡甘露聚糖固定化环糊精葡基转移酶的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
本文报道将魔芋葡甘露聚糖(简称KGM),经不溶性处理和一定的化学修饰活化作固定化载体,用共价键合法固定化环糊精葡基转移酶(简称CGTase)。其中,用表氯醇-已二胺-戊二醛修饰活化的KGM载体固定化CGTase效果最好,偶联蛋白质多在20mg/g载体以上,酶活500~900u/g载体之间,最高可超过52mg/g和1300u/g载体。固定化CGTase在pH5和pH10呈两个酶活峰值,最适温度60℃。以淀粉为底物批式连续反应,转化率均在90%以上。 相似文献
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微生物固定化及其在环境污染治理中的应用研究进展 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
微生物固定化技术广泛应用于食品、轻化以及环保领域,其具有微生物密度高、生物活性好、环境适应性强、可反复利用等优点。本文对微生物固定化技术进行了概述,并通过典型案例重点阐释了其在水、土和大气等环境污染治理领域的应用进展。在水环境中,固定化载体可为不同类型微生物提供生存微环境和各自所需的生态位,提高了系统负荷和处理效能;在土壤环境中,其重要作用在于提高土壤中污染物的生物有效性,从而提升微生物修复效果;空气污染治理领域则更注重载体的机械强度及气液传质能力的提高。本文比较总结了微生物固定化技术在不同环境治理领域中的应用特点和优势,以期为今后的环境污染治理提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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固定化酶载体研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
固定化酶技术的应用提高了酶的稳定性和重复使用性,为酶在工业上的大规模运用提供了条件,其中载体是固定化酶技术的关键环节之一,已成为固定化酶技术目前研究的热点。介绍了介孔材料、纳米材料、磁性材料、天然高分子材料在固定化酶领域的的优缺点、研究现状及其应用情况,综述了载体材料固定化酶研究过程中的分析表征手段,包括形貌分析、结构分析、元素分析、比表面积和孔径分析,并提出了固定化酶载体今后的研究方向,为固定化酶载体进一步的研究和合理利用提供参考。 相似文献
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氢气是一种新型的清洁高效能源,制氢技术的创新是目前研究的热点。将新型的技术及材料应用到生物制氢工艺中,从而促进生物制氢技术的产氢效率和工程应用是研究的重点之一。该文阐述了光合细菌在固定化生长条件下发酵产氢的最新研究进展,从固定化技术的原理、固定化方法的应用进展及影响因素几个方面进行了综述,详细阐述了包括包埋、悬浮载体附着生长及固定生物膜法等几种固定化方法对光发酵产氢的作用,介绍了国内外用于固定化的新型材料,并对今后的研究重点及方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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固定化生物催化剂的研究动向 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
近年来,国内外对于固定化酶、固定化细胞、固定化细胞器以及生物传感器的研究很活跃,在固定化方法上取得了较大进展,一部分固定化酶、固定化微生物细胞以及生物传感器在食品发酵工业、有机合成工业、化学分析、临床诊断以及能源开发等方面得到了应用。目前,大多数固定化酶、固定化细胞以及生物传感器还处在实验室研究阶段或中试阶段,有待改进;动物细胞、植物细胞以及细胞器的固定化研究还处于探索阶段、有待深入。 相似文献
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聚多巴胺作为贻贝的仿生材料,可由多巴胺在碱性环境中自发形成。由于其较好的黏附特性以及组织相容性,在生命科学等领域有着广泛的应用。将聚多巴胺对材料进行表面修饰,既可以保护材料免受强氧化剂、酸碱等外界的侵蚀,也可以通过表面改性赋予材料新的功能,使其在各领域发挥更好的作用。对聚多巴胺的制备原理、生物性能,以及近年来在组织工程领域(骨组织、软骨组织、硬脑膜组织、血管组织、耳组织)的运用进行综述,以期为后续聚多巴胺作为组织工程黏附材料的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Supichar Wattanaprasert Chaleeda Borompichaichartkul Pilanee Vaithanomsat George Srzednicki 《Engineering in Life Science》2017,17(2):145-152
This research aimed to develop a suitable coating material for encapsulating a plant bioactive compound via spray drying. A suitable process for modifying the rheological property of konjac glucomannan (KGM) solution by enzymatic treatment was developed. A plant bioactive compound, andrographolide, was selected to use as core material. Mannanase (1500 units of enzyme) was used in the treatment of KGM solution. The concentration of KGM solution was varied from 9 to 18% (w/w). It was found that 12% (w/w) was the optimum KGM concentration that could be hydrolyzed to a viscosity of <100 mPa·s. HPLC analysis of hydrolyzed solution found a fair amount of DP4–DP7 oligosaccharides (where DP is degree of polymerization) were obtained. The solution was then used as coating material in spray drying with inlet air temperature of 170°C and outlet air temperature of 85°C. It was found that 12% (w/w) konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH) was suitable for coating 2% (w/w) andrographolide. Its efficiency of encapsulation was also higher than that of KGMH combined with gamma‐cyclodextrin or beta‐cyclodextrin. This study revealed a great potential of using KGMH solution for pharmaceutical and food industries in the spray drying encapsulation process. 相似文献
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Wen X Wang T Wang Z Li L Zhao C 《International journal of biological macromolecules》2008,42(3):256-263
In this study, hydrogels for DNA-controlled release was prepared with konjac glucomannan (KGM), a water-soluble non-ionic polysaccharide, by means of deacetylated reaction and physically cross-linking method under mild conditions. The properties of the KGM hydrogels were analyzed by FTIR spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The integrality of the released DNA was investigated by circular dichroism (CD). The DNA release kinetics was performed using the DNA-loaded KGM gels in buffer solutions of pH 7.4 at 37+/-0.5 degrees C. Peppas model and Higuchi model were used to analysis the DNA release mechanism; the data indicated that the DNA release can be controlled by changing the preparation conditions and the structure parameters of the gels. This study suggested that the KGM hydrogels have a potential use for advanced controlled release. 相似文献
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Jianguang Chen Changhua Liu Yanqing Chen Yun Chen Peter R. Chang 《Carbohydrate polymers》2008,74(4):946-952
In this work, a series of glycerol-plasticized pea starch/konjac glucomannan (ST/KGM) blend films was prepared by a casting and solvent evaporation method. The structure, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing. The results indicated that strong hydrogen bonding formed between macromolecules of starch (ST) and konjac glucomannan (KGM), resulting in a good miscibility between ST and KGM in the blends. Compared with the neat ST, the tensile strength of the blend films were enhanced significantly from 7.4 to 68.1 MPa with an increase of KGM content from 0 to 70 wt%. The value of elongation at break of the blend films was higher than that of ST and reached a maximum value of 59.0% when the KGM content was 70 wt% and 20% of glycerol as plasticizer. The incorporation of KGM into the ST matrix also led to an increase of moisture uptake for the ST-based materials. The structure and properties of pea starch-based films were modified and improved by blending with KGM. 相似文献
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Petr Slepička Jakub Siegel Oleksiy Lyutakov Nikola Slepičková Kasálková Zdeňka Kolská Lucie Bačáková Václav Švorčík 《Biotechnology advances》2018,36(3):839-855
Modification of polymer substrates can essentially change the properties of material and thereby it allows their usage in attractive fields of material research. Laser treatment can be successfully applied for change in physico-chemical surface properties and/or for selective change of surface morphology with pattern construction. Three major applications of laser induced structures were described, cytocompatibility control, application as anti-bacterial substrate and plasmonic-based detection system. The construction of a second generation antibacterials using the synergic effect of either nanopatterning of polymers by application of a laser or noble metals deposition and consequent modification of nanostructures was presented. 相似文献
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Takashi Kitajima Sei Obuse Takahiro Adachi Masahiro Tomita Yoshihiro Ito 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2011,108(10):2468-2476
The human recombinant collagen I α1 chain monomer (rh‐gelatin) was modified by the incorporation of an azidophenyl group to prepare photoreactive human gelatin (Az‐rh‐gelatin), with approximately 90% of the lysine residues conjugated with azidobenzoic acid. Slight changes in conformation (circular dichroism spectra) and thermal properties (gelation and melting points) were noticed after modification. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation could immobilize the Az‐rh‐gelatin on polymer surfaces, such as polystyrene and polytetrafluoroethylene. Az‐rh‐gelatin was stably retained on the polymer surfaces, while unmodified gelatin was mostly lost by brief washing. Human mesenchymal cells grew more efficiently on the immobilized surface than on the coated surface. The immobilized Az‐rh‐gelatin on the polymer surfaces was able to capture engineered growth factors with collagen affinity, and the bound growth factors stimulated the growth of cells dose‐dependently. It was also possible to immobilize Az‐rh‐gelatin in micropatterns (stripe, grid, and so on) using photomasks, and the cells grew according to the patterns. These results suggest that the photoreactive human gelatin, in combination with collagen‐binding growth factors, will be clinically useful for surface modification of synthetic materials for cell culture systems and tissue engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2468–2476. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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在分子生物技术中,筛选标记基因是遗传转化载体所必备的基本元件之一,其主要功能是在基因操作中进行目标克隆的筛选,以及在应用过程中通过选择压力维持基因重组性状。抗药基因是微生物遗传转化中常用的筛选标记,大肠杆菌载体和一般穿梭载体中通常带有抗药基因。带有抗药基因的工程菌可以被广泛地应用于酶和有机化学品的发酵生产,因为工业发酵过程是在封闭系统中进行的,并且最终产品需要经过提炼。但是当人们需要用基因改良的菌株进行食品和饲料加工、环境修复、病虫害生物防治时,抗药基因类筛选标记应该被禁止使用。因此,发展生物安全性筛选标记成为遗传转化技术推广应用中的一个技术关键。本文介绍常用作筛选标记的抗药基因,以及针对抗药基因的安全性问题而发展的无选择标记的遗传转化技术及生物安全性筛选标记的基因工程技术。葡萄糖胺合成酶基因是近年发展起来的新型生物安全性筛选标记,它弥补了其他营养缺陷互补型和功能附加型筛选标记的缺陷,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献