P物质对兔离体输卵管峡部平滑肌活动的影响

本文在离体状态下观察P物质对不同性激素状态兔输卵管峡部平滑肌活动的影响。动物分成动情组、间情组、去卵巢组。实验结果:(1)P物质对间情兔输卵管峡部平滑肌的收缩有明显的抑制作用。(2)P物质对动情兔和去卵巢兔输卵管峡部平滑肌的收缩没有影响。结果表明P物质对不同性激素状态下的兔输卵管峡部平滑肌的作用不一致。     

兔输卵管、子宫组织内去甲肾上腺素(NE)含量与激素状态关系研究

本文应用荧光分析法测定不同激素状态兔输卵管及子宫组织内NE含量。各组NE含量随内、外源性激素而变化;各部位NE含量相比,输卵营峡部NE含量最高,比壶腹部高2.5—3倍,而子宫NE含量最低;成年动情兔峡部收缩活动比未成熟幼兔强,但动情兔峡部NE含量却比幼兔低,若给幼兔注射苯甲酸雌二醇输卵管收缩活动增强,NE含量亦明显降低,显示兔内、外源雌激素占优势状态时NE含量与收缩活动呈反相关;给幼兔注射黄体酮输卵管各部NE变化不同,壶腹部NE上升,远峨部无变化,近峡部有所下降。结果提示激素调节输卵管、子宫活动是相当复杂的过程。     

正常妇女不同卵巢激素状态离体输卵管平滑肌自发收缩活动及其对NE反应性研究

通过离体实验方法观察58例22—40岁中国育龄正常妇女周期的不同阶段、妊娠期(1—2个月)及哺乳期(2—10个月)输卵管峡部平滑肌收缩频率、波型及对外源性去甲肾上腺素(NE)的反应。实验观察到增生期、行经期及哺乳期峡部收缩活动比分泌期、妊娠期强,前者收缩频率高,多数呈现阵发性收缩,而后者收缩频率低,呈现单个收缩。增生期、行经期、分泌期及哺乳期峡部对NE呈兴奋性反应,只有妊娠期峡部对NE呈抑制反应。峡部环层肌比纵层肌收缩力强,但收缩波型相似。结果表明人输卵管自发收缩活动及对NE反应与卵巢激素状态有密切关系。     

RU486对兔输卵管平滑肌的收缩效应

应用肌肉机械－电换能器和Ｇｉｌｓｏｎ生理记录仪,观察ＲＵ４８６对假孕４ｄ兔离体输卵管平滑肌的收缩效应。结果显示：（１）ＲＵ４８６可直接作用输卵管平滑肌,使其收缩频率增加,而未明显改变收缩张力及振幅,与在体肌内注射ＲＵ４８６观察到的结果相似;（２）ＲＵ４８６部分抑制ｃａ~（２＋）诱发的平滑肌收缩活动,它还与Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ诱发的抑制效应有协同作用,与ＮＥ诱发的收缩张力有拮抗作用,而对Ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ诱发的效应未产生任何影响。以上结果表明,ＲＵ４８６对输卵管平滑肌的作用似乎是改变细胞内游离Ｃａ（２＋）的结果,可能干扰Ｃａ（２＋）的流入、或／和内质网Ｃａ（２＋）释放以及Ｃａ（２＋）－Ｉｐ３信息传递机制。     

音乐在黑猩猩采血训练中的应用初探

为探究外源促性腺激素对伊拉兔(Oryctolagus cuniculu)生殖器官中表皮生长因子(EGF)表达水平及其作用特点的影响,本实验以伊拉兔为研究对象,随机选取30只(雄兔6只,雌兔24只),将雌兔随机分为超排处理组(n = 12),即肌肉注射70 U 孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和100 U人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)和对照组(不注射任何激素,n = 12)。并运用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹(Western-blot)及免疫组化方法,研究经超排处理的伊拉兔卵巢、输卵管和子宫中表皮生长因子的表达与定位情况。结果显示,在超排处理后的伊拉兔卵巢、输卵管和子宫中,表皮生长因子mRNA与蛋白的表达量极显著高于对照组的卵巢、输卵管和子宫(P < 0.01),其阳性信号分别定位于卵巢的初级卵母细胞、颗粒细胞、内膜细胞、间质细胞和血管内皮细胞,输卵管的纤毛细胞、基细胞、黏膜上皮和肌层中,以及子宫的上皮细胞和内膜细胞中。研究表明,超排使用的外源促性腺激素可促进卵巢、输卵管和子宫中表皮生长因子表达量升高,提示其可能参与伊拉兔的生殖过程并调节卵巢、输卵管和子宫的功能。     

胆汁对空肠平滑肌条运动影响的实验研究

目的:观察胆汁对兔离体小肠平滑肌的影响并初步探讨其作用机制.方法:取兔空肠纵行肌条,安置在各恒温灌流肌槽中并用BL-310生物技能实验系统记录空肠平滑肌条的收缩活动.结果:胆汁显著降低兔空肠肌条张力, 减小其收缩波平均振幅及收缩频率,并有剂量依赖关系.结论:胆汁对空肠肌条收缩活动具有明显的抑制作用,这种抑制作用部分经由肾上腺素能α受体及前列腺素介导,并有壁内神经节的参与.     

He-Ne激光照射与雌激素对去卵巢雌兔血液流变性的影响

本实验将卵巢切除后的24只成年雌性兔分为4组,分别为A：卵巢切除组、B：雌激素治疗组、C：He-Ne激光血管内照射组、D：雌激素加He—Ne激光血管内照射组,分别测定其血液粘度等6项血液流变学指标。研究比较雌激素与低强度He—Ne激光血管内照射对去卵巢雌兔血液流变学的影响,为两者对绝经后妇女心血管疾病防治的临床使用提供参考。结果表明：雌激素可改善部分血液流变学指标;激光血管内照射使6项血液流变学指标均明显改善;雌激素加激光血管内照射共同作用与单独用激光血管内照射的结果大致相同。提示临床He—Ne激光血管内照射可阶段性替代雌激素应用于改善血液流变性,以便减少雌激素的剂量,降低其副作用。     

雌孕激素通过调节一氧化氮影响束缚应激小鼠结肠动力

目的:应激对胃肠动力有重要的影响,可引起肠易激综合征患者症状的发作或加重,本研究采用束缚-浸水应激诱导肠易激综合征模型小鼠,分别予以雌激素、孕激素和雌激素+孕激素处理,观察结肠动力学及NO含量指标,以探讨雌、孕激素能否改善应激诱发的结肠功能异常并探讨其调节机制,进从为临床治疗肠易激综合征提供理论依据.方法:建立束缚浸水应激诱发的肠易激综合征小鼠模型,制备离体结肠平滑肌肌条,应用张力换能器测定其肌张力,并检测其排便粪点数以观察结肠平滑肌动力,采用硝酸还原酶法测量结肠一氧化氮(NO)的含量.结果:束缚浸水应激刺激诱发结肠肌张力增加和NO含量减少,与模型组比较,雌激素可逆转该作用,而孕激素、雌激素+孕激素则使该作用增强.结论:雌孕激素可以通过调节NO含量变化影响束缚-浸水应激诱导的肠易激综合征结肠收缩活动.束缚-浸水应激导致肠易激综合征模型小鼠结肠动力学改变,表现为增强远端结肠平滑肌收缩活动,同时模型小鼠结肠NO含量降低;雌激素可以逆转结肠平滑肌收缩活动增强和结肠NO含量降低;孕激素、雌激素+孕激素使结肠平滑肌收缩活动增强和结肠NO含量降低作用更加明显.     

栀子对兔胃平滑肌体外运动的影响

目的：观察利胆药物-栀子对兔离体胃平滑肌的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法：取兔胃肌条,安置在各恒温灌流肌槽中并用BL-310生物技能实验系统记录胃各部平滑肌条的收缩活动,结果：栀子显著升高兔胃底和胃体纵行肌条张力,增加其收缩频率,减小胃体收缩波平均振幅,并有剂量依赖关系。结论：栀子对胃肌条收缩活动具有明显的兴奋作用,这种兴奋作用部分经由M受体介导。     

动情周期中大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白的表达

目的初步鉴定大鼠输卵管中存在与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并研究其在输卵管中的定位和不同动情周期中糖蛋白的表达变化.方法根据阴道涂片检查将大鼠分为:间情期(DE)组、动情前期(PE)组、动情期(E)组和动情后期(ME)组.用冰冻切片法、荧光组化技术和共聚焦显微镜技术观察大鼠输卵管中与BS-1结合糖蛋白的分布及表达变化.结果大鼠输卵管中存在与BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并呈节段性分布,即峡部＞壶腹部.动情周期中大鼠输卵管糖蛋白的表达:动情期＞动情前期＞动情后期＞间情期.结论大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白在动情期(E)峡部上皮表达最明显,具有雌激素依赖性.     

Regional differences of phospholipase A2 activity in the rabbit oviductal epithelium.

To evaluate the biosynthesis of prostaglandins in the oviducts, phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) activities were first measured in the epithelial cells obtained from rabbit oviducts. At least four kinds of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities with respect to calcium dependency and pH requirement were observed. There were two calcium-dependent, pH optima of 7.5 and 8.5 activities, and two calcium-independent, pH optima of 4.0 and 8.0 activities. One of those activities, a calcium-dependent and alkaline active PLA2 activity of the epithelial cells was then compared between the ampullary portion and the isthmic portion of the oviducts. The activity was significantly higher in the ampullary epithelium than in the isthmic epithelium (223.2 +/- 57.2 or 103.8 +/- 32.3 pmol/min/mg, p < 0.05). These results support the idea that the production of prostaglandins, which is dependent upon the activity of the arachidonate cascades, was higher in the ampullary portion of oviduct than that in the isthmic portion. The PLA2 activity of the ampullary epithelium may thus play an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle contractility and ciliary movement.     

Nonlinear Relationships in the Patterns of Neuronal Spiking in Cortical Neurons

The pattern of neuronal spiking of cortical neurons was investigated in an awake nonimmobilized rabbit. Thecharacteristics of the interspike intervals (total numberof intervals, mean interval, mean-square deviation) and of the burst (group) activity (burst number, mean spikefrequency in a burst, mean spike number for a burst, meanburst duration) were considered. Nonlinear relationshipbetween the values of mean interspike intervals and thenumber of spike bursts was found. A number of functionswere applied to describe the observed phenomena. On thebasis of regression analysis two populations of corticalneurons with distinct neuronal spiking patterns wereidentified. Bursts occur at a higher rate in one populationthan the other, although both populations exhibit burstsand are otherwise indistinguishable.     

Effect of steroid hormones on sulfated oviductal glycoprotein secretion by oviductal explants in vitro

Explants of rabbit ampullary and isthmic tissue were cultured 4 days with and without exogenous steroids, and the sulfated oviductal glycoprotein (SOG) concentration in the explant culture supernatants was determined. Tissues cultured with progesterone plus estrogen secreted significantly more SOG than control tissues, whereas tissues cultured with estrogen alone did not. Ampullary tissues cultured with progesterone plus estrogen secreted significantly more SOG than control tissues on Days 2 and 3, whereas SOG secretion by isthmic tissues was significantly above control secretion on Day 4. Ampullary and isthmic tissues differed significantly in their secretory capacity. Maximum ampullary SOG secretion was approximately 650 ng SOG/mg tissue/day. Maximum isthmic SOG secretion was approximately 30 ng SOG/mg tissue/day. These findings suggest that the oviduct is composed of discrete functional regions that provide support to gametes and developing embryos through the unique secretory characteristics of each region.     

Effects of intraluminal administration of adrenoceptor agonists on transisthmic flow in the rabbit oviduct

By perfusing the isthmic segment of the rabbit oviduct in vivo at low hydrostatic pressures with Ringer's solution (+38 degrees C), the resistance of the isthmic segment could be measured quantitatively using a drop-recording system. Transisthmic flow, from mid-tube to the uterine end, was thus studied in 45 animals, 48 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors by administration of norepinephrine or phenylephrine to the perfusate resulted in an immediate reduction or cessation of the basal flow. The duration of this effect varied dose-dependently. The administration of beta-adrenoceptor agonists (isoprenaline, prenalterol or terbutaline) markedly increased transisthmic flow. The beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline was considerably more potent than the other beta-agonists. Thus, it seems that the isthmic contraction caused by adrenergic luminal stimulation is mediated via alpha-adrenoceptors, while the isthmic dilation is mediated via beta-adrenoceptors, mainly of the beta 2-type.     

The ATPase reaction in the steady state and in the initial burst catalyzed by chicken gizzard myosin in 0.6 M KCl1.

On studying the steady-state activity in 0.6 M KCl, it was found that Mg-ATPase of chicken gizzard myosin was identical with that of rabbit skeletal myosin in the pH-activity profile, Michaelis-Menten constant, and maximum velocity. As regards the "initial burst" of ATP splitting in the presence of Mg (0.6 M KCl), it was found that gizzard and skeletal myosins were identical both in the size of the initial burst and in the velocity-ATP concentration relationship. The only difference we observed was that the Ca- and EDTA-ATPase activities of gizzard myosin were, as reported by other investigators, approximately one-half to one-third of those of skeletal myosin, although the pH-activity profiles for the ATPase of gizzard myosin was essentially the same as that of skeletal myosin.     

Temperature-dependent transitions of the myosin-product intermediate at 10 degrees during Mn(II)-ATP hydrolysis by myosin from rabbit psoas muscle.

The initial burst of Pi liberation during the hydrolysis of Mn(II)-ATP by heavy meromyosin from rabbit psoas muscle was investigated. Below 10 degrees, the initial burst of Pi liberation was inhibited by the pre-addition of ADP without any change in the steady-state activity, but it was not inhibited above 10 degrees. The burst size was about one mole per mole of heavy meromyosin. The initial burst of Pi liberation in Mg-ATP hydrolysis at 8 degrees, however, was not inhibited by the pre-addition of ADP. These results, obtained with psoas muscle heavy meromyosin, were almost the same as those obtained with heavy meromyosin from rabbit leg and back muscles (Hozumi and Tawada (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 376, 1-12) and, therefore, indicate that in Mn-ATP above 10 degrees there is at the burst site a predominant myosin -product complex generated by ATP hydrolysis. Similarly, below 10 degrees there is a myosin-product complex identical with the one generated by adding ADP (and Pi) to myosin.     

Ultrastructure of mucous cells from the oviduct epithelium of the rabbit (Lepus cuniculus). Preliminary study]

Authors studied the ultrastructural features of the mucous cells present in the three segments of the rabbit oviduct in anoestrous. Results showed that only one kind of mucous cell was present in the isthmus while two different kinds of mucous cells were found in the ampulla and infundibulum. The ultrastructural features observed in the isthmic cells correlated well with the histochemical data already described in that segment. However such correlations could not be made between the ampulla and infundibulum. Authors suggest that the ampulla can be considered a transitional segment between isthmus and infundibulum.     

The movement characteristics of rabbit spermatozoa before and after activation

Spermatozoa were flushed with mineral oil from the lower isthmus of the rabbit oviduct at four hours postcoitus (pc) and 11 hours pc. Videotapes were made of sperm behavior in the native isthmic fluid and after dilution of the fluid with culture medium. The tapes showed that, initially, spermatozoa in the native isthmic fluid were virtually immotile, but immediately resumed movement on contact with the culture medium. Isthmic sperm motility then evolved over a five- to 10-minute interval into the characteristic biphasic pattern of activated movement. Cine films of isthmic spermatozoa taken with a high-speed camera were analyzed to determine flagellar beat frequency, maximum flagellar curvature, and swimming velocity. Progressiveness ratios and hydrodynamic power outputs were then calculated for individual spermatozoa. Two phases of activated sperm movement, a whiplash phase and a progressive phase, were identified and characterized. The power output of activated spermatozoa increased twentyfold in comparison with the preactivated state. The power output of activated spermatozoa did not differ between the two phases of activated movement.     

Oviduct acid mucus glycoproteins in the estrous rabbit: ultrastructure and histochemistry

Epithelial glycoproteins are likely to be important in many aspects of reproduction. The rabbit oviduct produces mucus glycoproteins. This is indicated both by histochemistry and by gelation of a mucus coat around the rabbit ovum during its tubal transport. We report here that the production of highly acid mucus glycoprotein (apparently of the type that coast the ovum) is confined to the isthmus and, to a lesser extent, the mucosal crypts of the ampullary-isthmic junction; the ampulla is not involved. Using a method of perfusion-fixation that includes the polycation alcian blue in conjunction with glutaraldehyde to precipitate and stabilize glycoproteins, we have demonstrated that this mucus, at least in rabbits in estrus, occupies the isthmic lumen but not the ampullary lumen. Histochemistry shows that it is the electron-lucent secretory granules of the isthmus and ampullary-isthmic junction, but not the denser granules of the ampulla, that exhibit staining characteristics of highly-acid mucus glycoproteins. Important opportunities are likely to exist for interaction of this isthmic mucus with spermatozoa and with fertilized ova during their isthmic transport.