提高农杆菌转化水稻频率的研究

以16种重要的籼稻和粳稻栽培品种为材料,研究了影响农杆菌转化水稻频率的有关因素,结果表明,CC培养基是绝大多数水稻全国组织的最适诱导与继代培养基;添加2．5－5mg/L ABA可以有效地改善水稻愈伤组织的质量,籼稻愈伤组织所需的筛选剂浓度低于粳稻愈伤组织所需的浓度,根癌农杆菌EHA105菌株对水稻的转化效果优于LBA4404和AGL1菌株的效果,头孢霉素对农杆菌的抑制效果优于羧苄青霉素的效果,共培养后进行适当的干燥处理既可增强脱菌效果,又可提高转化频率,应用我们所优化的农杆菌转化技术体系,获得了10个品种的水稻转基因植株。     

农杆菌介导的紫色红曲霉遗传转化体系的建立和优化

通过优化各种转化因素,建立了根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导红曲霉(Monascus)的高效转化体系:红曲霉在PDA培养基培养21 d后收集孢子,制备红曲霉孢子悬浮液,浓度为106个/mL,根癌农杆菌浓度为OD600值0.5,诱导剂AS浓度为100μmol/L,农杆菌与红曲霉在25℃共培养3 d。采用此转化体系构建了含有530多个转化子的红曲霉T-DNA插入突变体库。随机选取50株转化子菌株进行分子验证和稳定性检测,证明T-DNA成功插入红曲霉基因组DNA中,并能稳定遗传。最后,通过形态观察筛选出8株变异较大的菌株,为以后的红曲霉基因功能研究奠定了一定的基础。     

根癌农杆菌介导大花蕙兰遗传转化的研究

以大花蕙兰原球茎(PLBs)为外植体,采用EHA105和LBA4404 2种根癌农杆菌菌株与pCAMBIA1301质粒构建工程菌介导,以建立大花蕙兰遗传转化体系,并比较不同受体处理方式、菌液浓度和侵染方式等对大花蕙兰转化的影响.结果表明:(1)以切成3 mm左右的PLBs小块作为受体材料,用OD600值为0.6的LBA4404根癌农杆菌菌株,并用MS+1.0 mg/L BA+200μmol/L AS(乙酰丁香酮)的液体培养基将菌液等体积稀释侵染,转化率可达62.5%.(2)大花蕙兰对潮霉素(Hyg)十分敏感,5 mg/L Hyg对转化后的PLBs有较好的筛选效果,筛选后最高成活率为13.0%.(3)PCR检测初步证明,通过根癌农杆菌介导的方法获得了2株转基因大花蕙兰植株.     

根癌农杆菌介导的日本曲霉转化体系的建立

【目的】通过根癌农杆菌介导的方法构建日本曲霉转化子库,从而筛选出高产甘没氧化酶的日本曲霉突变菌株。【方法】本文通过三亲杂交的方法将双元载体pBI-hphII转移至根癌农杆菌EHA105中并作为侵染菌株,以日本曲霉As5999为受体菌株,建立了农杆菌介导的日本曲霉转化体系,构建了突变体库,并对影响转化效率的根癌农杆菌浓度,乙酰丁香酮(As)加入与否,共培养时间,共培养温度等因素进行了分析。【结果】对转化子的PCR检测和Southern杂交分析表明,T-DNA已整合进日本曲霉基因组中,随机挑选的9个转化子连续转接10代后均能稳定遗传。【结论】该转化体系的建立为筛选出高产甘油氧化酶的日本曲霉突变菌株奠定了基础。     

根癌农杆菌介导转化番茄的影响因素

综述影响根癌农杆菌介导番茄转化效率的因素,包括根癌农杆菌菌株类型、Vir基因的活化、选择标记基因、植物基因型、外植体类型、培养基中是否附加植物激素和抑菌抗生素、菌液浓度、侵染时间长短,是否预培养和共培养天数等;同时不同的培养方式也是影响番茄转化效率的主要因素,包括液体培养法、农杆菌介导的floral-dip转化法、超声波辅助农杆菌介导法、农杆菌介导与基因枪轰击结合法等.     

抗冷冻蛋白基因(afp)转化大豆的研究

目的:通过农杆菌介导法遗传转化大豆。方法:通过热激法将质粒pCAAFP66导入根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105中获得含有抗冷冻蛋白基因(afp)及除草剂抗性筛选标记基因(bar)的农杆菌工程菌株;以大豆品种华春6号和马祖1号种子的下胚轴为外植体,经过农杆菌介导将抗冷冻蛋白基因导入大豆基因组中,在含有除草剂草丁膦(PPT)的培养基中筛选、并经过PCR鉴定获得大豆转化植株。结果:PPT的最佳筛选浓度为1.0mg/L,华春6号和马祖1号的阳性植株数分别为6株和2株,转化效率分别为3.70%和0.94%。结论:不同基因型大豆的转化率存在差异,抗冷冻蛋白基因成功遗传转化进大豆细胞中。     

农杆菌介导的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）转化金针菇的研究

构建了金针菇表达载体p139035S-bFGF,并将重组质粒转入到根癌农杆菌EHA105中。以白金针菇Flammulina velutipes菌丝球为受体材料,用根癌农杆菌介导转入碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)。金针菇菌株对潮霉素(Hyg)抗性测验结果表明,在PDA固体培养基上的潮霉素筛选浓度为9μg/mL,在液体培养基中为6μg/mL。探索头孢霉素(Cefotaxime)对菌丝的毒性实验、农杆菌的菌液浓度、侵染时间、乙酰丁香酮(AS)的添加及其浓度的控制、共培养的时间等因素对转化效率的影响。结果表明,Cef对金针菇菌丝几乎无抑制作用,最佳抑菌浓度为400μg/mL;农杆菌的菌液浓度OD600为0.5,侵染时间在30min左右,在AS为200μmol/L的共培养基上共培养72h,转化率最高。PCR与Southern杂交结果证明bFGF基因已整合到金针菇的基因组中。在无选择压力的PDA固体培养基上继代培养5次后仍检测到bFGF基因的存在,表明bFGF基因在转基因金针菇中稳定遗传。     

根癌农杆菌介导里氏木霉转化体系的建立和条件优化

目的:采用根癌农杆菌介导的转化方法实现丝状真菌里氏木霉的遗传转化,并优化转化条件.方法:构建含潮霉素抗性基因(hph)的双元载体pCAM-hph后,转化根癌农杆菌LBA4404获得转化菌株.将根癌农杆菌的转化菌株和里氏木霉的分生孢子共培养后在含100μg/mL潮霉素的抗性平板上筛选里氏木霉转化子,并采用PCR扩增和序列测定对转化子中的插入片段进行了分析.结果:使用根癌农杆菌介导的转化方法转化里氏木霉,每106个分生孢子可获得25.8个转化子.最佳的转化条件为:农杆菌初始浓度为OD660约为0.8,孢子数为106个,共培养时间为48h,pH为5.0～5.5,培养温度为28℃.结论:建立了根癌农杆菌介导的里氏木霉转化方法,并获得了最佳的转化条件.     

高产细菌素菌株WJ K84-1的诱变筛选及其对植物病原菌抑菌机理的研究

以发根土壤杆菌K84为供试菌株,对其进行紫外诱变,采用定向竞争选择技术,筛选出高产细菌素的目的菌株WJK84-1,并对根癌农杆菌的抑菌作用及其抑菌机理进行了研究。通过琼脂扩散法和液体培养法测试表明,WJK84-1菌株和其产生的P-2001细菌素均对C58病原菌有明显的抑制作用。蛋白电泳谱带分析示出,细菌素对C58病原菌的作用是抑制蛋白合成,使其蛋白总量表达水平呈下降趋势,尤其是大分子量蛋白含量下降显著,有的蛋白谱带(R1、R4)缺失,且随细菌素浓度的增加,抑制作用更加强烈。扫描电镜观察,细菌素作用后的菌体不同部位出现缢痕,直至缢缩成颗粒状残体而死亡。透射电镜观察进一步证明,C58菌细胞膜被裂解,细胞结构被破坏而致死。樱桃接瘤实验表明,WJK84-1菌株和其产生细菌素均可抑制根瘤发生,抑瘤率达到83．4％左右。     

根癌农杆菌介导的黑曲霉遗传转化体系的建立及优化

基于根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法的独特优点,研究黑曲霉转化过程中各主要影响因素,建立高效的黑曲霉遗传转化方法.构建双元载体pBI-hph,通过电转导入农杆菌LBA4404中,以黑曲霉TCCC41056为受体菌株,利用潮霉素B基因作为筛选标记,对影响转化效率的孢子悬液的新鲜程度及浓度、农杆菌菌液浓度、共培养时间、共培养温度这五个条件进行分析,建立根癌农杆菌介导的黑曲霉遗传转化体系.实验结果表明,上述条件对黑曲霉的转化效率有较大的影响,通过优化,黑曲霉转化效率可达83个转化子/10 7分生孢子;整合到黑曲霉基因组的外源基因可以稳定遗传,在转接10代后遗传性能仍保持稳定,并在众多转化子中筛选得到了糖化酶活力提高18％的黑曲霉突变株.根癌农杆菌介导的黑曲霉转化体系的建立,为进一步研究黑曲霉的功能基因以及开发黑曲霉表达系统提供了有力的手段.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.