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1.
演替研究在常绿阔叶林抚育和恢复上的应用   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
以浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林动态过程为例,比较研究了常绿阔叶林演替系列主要树种白栎(Quercus fabri)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、苦槠(Castanopsis sclerophylla)、石栎(Lithocarpus glaber)、木荷(Schima superba)和栲树(C.fargesii)的群落生态学特征、种群生态学特征和生理生态学特性。阐明了常绿阔叶林演替系列间的相互更替过程;探讨了主要优势种群的植株结构及其更新能力的演变规律;揭示了演替系列群落主要优势种相互更替的原因。  相似文献   

2.
常绿阔叶林演替系列中木荷和栲树呼吸作用特性的比较   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13  
丁圣彦 《生态学报》2001,21(1):61-67
了常绿阔叶林学业替系列群落中木荷(Schima superba)和栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)不同发育阶段植株的呼吸作用速率及同一演替阶段木荷和栲树不同发育阶段植株的呼吸作用速率的大小。结果表明,在常绿阔叶林演替的各个阶段,栲树的呼吸作用速率均比木荷的高,在群落演替的前期,木荷的栲树的呼吸作用速率均较高,但随着群落演替的进展,其呼吸作用速度逐渐降低。通过比较常绿阔叶林演替后期木荷和栲树成年树的呼吸作用速率,并结合二者的光合作用速率,反映了栲树的物质代谢能力较高,生长较快,是期 在常绿阔叶林顶极群落中能够成为优势种,而木荷成为次优势种的原因之一。  相似文献   

3.
采用 2× 2列联表 ,通过方差分析、χ2检验、Ochiai指数对黑石顶森林次生演替过程中各阶段群落优势种的种间联结性进行了定量分析。研究结果表明 :群落的总体种间关联性在演替恢复初期表现为无相关性 ,针阔叶混交林阶段为总体的正关联 ,阳生性常绿阔叶林阶段呈总体负关联 ,中生性常绿阔叶林阶段总体呈显著正关联。在演替初期主要种对间尚未形成一定的种间关系 ,演替至混交林和阳生性常绿阔叶林阶段 ,种间关系开始形成 ,但大多表现为直接的竞争关系 ,中生性常绿阔叶林阶段形成了复杂多样的种间关系 ,表现为同层树种间的种间结合或竞争和不同层种间的结合关系  相似文献   

4.
 采用2×2列联表,通过方差分析、X2检验、Ochiai指数对黑石顶森林次生演替过程中各阶段群落优势种的种间联结性进行了定量分析。研究结果表明:群落的总体种间关联性在演替恢复初期表现为无相关性,针阔叶混交林阶段为总体的正关联,阳生性常绿阔叶林阶段呈总体负关联,中生性常绿阔叶林阶段总体呈显著正关联。在演替初期主要种对间尚未形成一定的种间关系,演替至混交林和阳生性常绿阔叶林阶段,种间关系开始形成,但大多表现为直接的竞争关系,中生性常绿阔叶林阶段形成了复杂多样的种间关系,表现为同层树种间的种间结合或竞争和不同层种间的结合关系。  相似文献   

5.
 植物群落次生演替过程的有限序列在一定意义上构成一随机过程。浙江东部常绿阔叶林次生演替的随机过程系统可以近似地看成线性系统,因而可以用马尔可夫过程描述。本文以群落主要乔木优势种作为马尔可夫过程的状态变量。用“空间序列代替时间序列”的研究方法测得自然次生演替过程和干扰次生演替过程群落主要优势乔木种的更新概率,以此建立了马尔可夫过程的一步平稳转移概率矩阵。应用马尔可夫链模型对常绿阔叶林的自然和干扰次生演替过程进行了模拟。模型还给出了次生演替过程群落主要优势乔木种类的数量动态,为深入研究常绿阔叶林次生演替规律以及林业生产和管理等提供了依据。  相似文献   

6.
普洱季风常绿阔叶林次生演替中木本植物幼苗更新特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以时空替代的方法,将针阔混交林、季风常绿阔叶林的次生林与成熟林等3个处于同一空间下的群落作为次生演替进程中的3个阶段,研究云南普洱地区次生演替过程中的木本植物幼苗更新特征,分析了次生演替过程中木本植物幼苗的物种组成、密度、高度级及与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:在8个共144 m2的幼苗样地中调查木本植物幼苗101种2014株,其中乔木幼苗是主要组成。随着次生演替的进行,木本植物幼苗、乔木与藤本幼苗密度逐渐增加,灌木幼苗密度无显著变化;藤本植物幼苗的物种丰富度随着次生演替进行而增加,乔木与灌木幼苗则无显著变化,成熟季风常绿阔叶林中木本植物幼苗Shannon-Wiener指数要显著小于针阔混交林与次生季风常绿阔叶林。次生与成熟季风常绿阔叶林木本植物幼苗多度随高度级增加而减少,针阔混交林则呈现偏峰曲线,幼苗密度均集中分布在高度20 cm以内,3个群落演替阶段木本植物幼苗物种丰富度随高度级增加呈现偏锋曲线。相似性系数反映出乔木和藤本幼苗的更新来源与群落的物种组成存在着紧密的联系。乔木幼苗密度分布与样地坡度之间存在着显著的负相关,灌木幼苗密度与土壤pH值之间存在着显著正相关。  相似文献   

7.
常绿阔叶林植被动态研究进展   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:13  
丁圣彦  宋永昌 《生态学报》2004,24(8):1765-1775
常绿阔叶林是亚热带地区的地带性植被,是亚热带陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,几十年来,中国的植物学家、生态学家对常绿阔叶林的区系成分、物种组成、外貌和结构、动态以及作为生态系统成员的功能等方面进行了大量的研究,积累了丰富的资料,取得了大量的研究成果,同时也在四川缙云山、浙江天童山、广东省鼎湖山和黑石顶、云南哀牢山、福建武夷山逐步形成了中国各具区域特色的常绿阔叶林研究基地,为常绿阔叶林的研究作出了突出的贡献。在常绿阔叶林的演替方面,研究内容从研究常绿阔叶林群落演替的过程、群落组成变化、结构动态及模型逐步向生态系统物质循环和能量流动发展,但对常绿阔叶林主要优势种动态、生理生态和群落演替机理等方面深入不够。在常绿阔叶林的更新动态研究方面,不但进行了通过研究种子雨和种子库的动态、种子的萌发、幼树生长的时空动态研究群落的更新,而且还通过研究林窗的形成、特征及其在森林动态中的作用来研究群落的更新,还进一步通过对常绿阔叶林主要树种更新植株的生理生态特性的研究来解释群落更新的原因。在常绿阔叶林退化和恢复重建研究方面,研究了常绿阔叶林各种退化生态系统的特征和恢复过程等,并将已有的理论和技术应用于退化生态系统的恢复和重建。即是以前人研究的成果为基础,从群落的演替、更新、退化和恢复等方面对我国多年来常绿阔叶林植被动态的研究作一总结。根据国内外的研究趋势提出了常绿阔叶林的动态方面急需开展3s技术在常绿阔叶林上的应用研究、常绿阔叶林的退化的生理生态机制、常绿阔叶林起源与系统发育、常绿阔叶的林保护与恢复生态学、常绿阔叶林重要物种的生理生态学和种群生物学、常绿阔叶林生态服务功能与区域可持续发展模式以及常绿阔叶林生态系统对全球变化的作用与响应机制等方面的研究。  相似文献   

8.
常绿阔叶林演替过程中马尾松消退的原因   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28  
通过对浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段的群落生态学调查,确认马尾松(PinusmasonianaLamb.)属于常绿阔叶林演替过程中的消退种。为了揭示马尾松在群落演替过程中的消退原因,对各演替阶段群落中的生态因子,特别是光照强度的实地测定,得知马尾松群落内光照强度过低,常使马尾松更新苗处于光补偿点之下,难以正常生长。成树在演替过程中的衰退则是由于其它常绿阔叶树种,如木荷(SchimasuperbaGardn.etChamp.)、栲树(CastanopsisfargesiFranch.)等耐荫树种的抑制而使其物质合成能力逐渐减弱,物质分解能力逐渐加强,以致在常绿阔叶林演替的过程中逐渐消失。  相似文献   

9.
拟赫杨林是亚热带落叶阔叶林的一个群落类型,属于常绿阔叶林演替系列的一个演替阶段,主要见于东部中亚热带地区海拔1300m以下的红壤和黄壤山地山坡中下部环境比较湿润的地方,本研究划分出3个群丛纲和13个群丛。它向常绿阔叶林恢复的演替趋向,从13个群丛之间的群落外貌,结构和种类组成变化的分析可以得到充分的证明。  相似文献   

10.
拟赤杨林是亚热带落叶阔叶林的一个群落类型 ,属于常绿阔叶林演替系列的一个演替阶段 ,主要见于东部中亚热带地区海拔 1 30 0m以下的红壤和黄壤山地山坡中下部环境比较湿润的地方 ,本文研究划分出 3个群丛纲和 1 3个群丛。它向常绿阔叶林恢复的演替趋向 ,从 1 3个群丛之间的群落外貌 ,结构和种类组成变化的分析可以得到充分的证明。  相似文献   

11.
根据中国亚热带常绿阔叶林区域的气象资料和植物分布资料,计算了组成中国亚热带常绿阔叶林的112个优势种及常见种的Thornthwaite潜在可能蒸散指标和湿度指标,利用其湿度气候分类和湿度气候分类对优势种和常见种进行了气候类型划分,分为5种类型并划分了优势种及常见种的Thornthwaite水热指标分布类群,分别为:G1低温半湿润型,G2中温中湿型,G3中温湿润型,G4高温半湿润型,G5高温中湿型。  相似文献   

12.
The interaction between two dominant foci was carried out on different models of dominant. It was shown that the following pairs: latent motor and blinking excitation foci; hunger and hypnotic dominants, decaying polarization dominant (related with functioning of the left-hemisphere) and hypnotic dominant can function simultaneously. After repeated formation of a new dominant focus against the background of the existing stable dominant created earlier, a replacement of dominants takes place. This process passes through the stage of formation of the latent dominant not yet apparent at the behavioral level but with the electrical activity typical for the dominant focus. Actually, two dominants exist at this stage: the previous active and latent foci. The latter determines further behavior of the animal.  相似文献   

13.
尖峰岭热带山地雨林生物量的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 本文用对比研究法对海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林原始林和更新林的地上部分生物现存量进行了测定,结果表明:未受干扰破坏的森林其生物量积累可达到较高的水平,原始林和更新林的生物现存量(包括凋落物现存量)分别为645.2和272.9t/ha,乔木层生物量占群落生物量的94%以上,表明了乔木层在森林生态系统中的重要地位和作用,而通过对原始林和更新林的生物产量结构的分析,反映出它们之间的一些差异性。林分的叶面积指数(LAI值)分别高达16.70和9.07,说明所调查的两个群落具有较高的生产力水平。热带林的早期更新速度很快,26年生的天然更新林分其生物量年平均净积累达9.8658t/ha·a,明显高于成熟林的6.2421t/ha·a,接近中等集约经营的热带人工林的生产力水平。  相似文献   

14.
Jiro  Kikkawa 《Ibis》1980,122(4):437-446
Winter survival with respect to dominance classes of 932 individually colour-ringed Silvereyes was examined on Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, between 1965 and 1969. The dominants (winning two-thirds or more of aggressive encounters) had significantly better chances of survival between May and August (southern winter) than other birds. The 1967/68 year group was studied in detail; the young born early in the breeding season contained proportionately more dominants than those born later in the season and dominant birds tended to survive better in winter. Adults in the same period showed no dominance dependent survival. The weight of birds in winter differed between first-year birds and adults in most cases, but winter mortality within each year-group was not related to the weight of individual birds in May. However, the dominant class had a smaller proportion of birds losing weight through the winter than other classes, and the dominant adults and the intermediate class of first-year birds tended to be heavier than others in August. The lengths of wing, tail, tarsus and exposed culmen examined for the 1967/68 year group showed no significant trends in either survival or dominance classes. Better survival of dominant birds is considered to be a consequence of their feeding advantages over others, but the intensity of selection for an ability for dominance may fluctuate from year to year in relation to the population density and distribution and abundance of food supply.  相似文献   

15.
In the present paper, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture content on dry nursery seedling quality in Guangzhou in 1995. Through comparing the difference of dry nursery seedlings and wet nursery seedlings, we found a close relationship between soil moisture content and seedling growth. The seedling emergence of dry nursery seedling was more even, tidy and faster, and the survival rate was higher than that of wet nursery seedling. Dry nursery seedlings had small plant stature, slow leaf stretching speed and low individual seedling dry weight, but had high dry/fresh weight ratio. This was abeneficial factor for seedlings to recover from transplanting shock more quickly. As com-pared with the wet nursery seedlings, dry nursery seedlings had poor rooting ability,but had more vigorous white roots and fewer rust roots. It was the possibly important reasonfor dry nursery seedlings to form strong“explosive force”.  相似文献   

16.
In queenless ants, workers compete aggressively to be reproductives instead of sterile helpers. To limit the number of reproductives, either mating or egg-laying by mated workers can be regulated. In Gnamptogenys menadensis , all mated workers reproduce, and field data presented here indicate that mating is not random. We removed gamergates experimentally (n=16 groups) to induce mating and gamergate replacement. Virgin workers engaged in agonistic interactions, allowing us to classify them into two groups: dominants performed antennal boxing and biting, while subordinates did not. However, a few subordinates cooperated to immobilize individual dominant workers. This effectively reduced the number of dominants because immobilized dominants became subordinates. Six to 12 wks after the removal of reproductives, between one and eight dominants per colony started to perform 'sexual calling' outside the nest entrance. Sixteen (out of 33) dominants mated with foreign males introduced in five experimental groups. None of the subordinate workers mated. The probability of mating is thus regulated by dominance interactions among workers and immobilizations initiated by infertile workers in this polygynous queenless ant.  相似文献   

17.
It has been proposed that monkeys direct grooming to high-ranking individuals in an attempt to obtain agonistic support in return. But whether these two categories of interactions are causally related has proven difficult to establish. Part of the problem stems from the fact that in stable groups social relationships reflect an equilibrium state and that behaviors need only be performed at low rates and long intervals to maintain the current social structure. In theory, however, if affiliative and supportive interactions are indeed causally related, it should be possible to accentuate their temporal relation, hence their causal dynamics. For example, destabilizing dominance relations can be expected to induce competition for status and force individuals to deploy behavioral tactics for settling new rank relations. We experimentally induced rank reversals in a captive group of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) composed of three matrilines (A-B-C rank order). A reversed C-A-B order composed of three individuals per matriline was maintained for 2 weeks. The results show the close temporal relation among (i) asserting one’s rank, (ii) competing for access to dominants through affiliation and interferences in affiliation, (iii) receiving support from dominants against lower-ranking individuals, and (iv) supporting dominants against subordinates. These findings are compatible with one version of the affiliation-for-support hypothesis, namely that monkeys affiliate with dominants as a way to assert their position in the hierarchy. In a functional perspective, mutual selfishness provides a better explanation than reciprocal altruism because the possibility that both groomers and supporters derive immediate net benefits cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Quantitative counts of regenerative sieve tubes and vessels were made in a large number of samples of mature internode #5 of C. blumei, with concomitant study of the fine details of vascular regeneration and the occurrence of the normally developing phloem anastomoses. Such anastomoses were found in many of the plants, but their average number in the small regenerating area was low (viz., 0.9 ± 0.2). With the phloem anastomoses excluded from the counts, the time course of regeneration was clear cut—no strands completed their regeneration around the wound until three days after wounding. More regenerative sieve tubes completed their differentiation under all conditions than did regenerative vessels. The number of sieve tubes and vessels regenerated by four days was closely related to the number of preexisting bundles of that type of vascular cell that had been severed by the transverse wound. The ratio of bundles severed by the wound in the phloem to those in the xylem was 2.14, and the ratio of the regenerative sieve tubes to the regenerative vessels was 2.24. For both tracheary and sieve tube cells the initial regeneration was strongly polar (mostly above the wound), as expected from earlier IAA transport data. The path of tracheary regeneration was obviously related to that of the sieve tubes on the other side of the cambium.  相似文献   

19.
To investigate the boundaries between regenerative and non-regenerative animals, we first survey regenerative ability across animal phyla from sponges to chordates (including mammals). There are both regenerative and non-regenerative animals in each phylum. The cells participating in regeneration also vary among different species. Thus, it is hard to find clear rules concerning regeneration ability across the animal kingdom, suggesting that it is not useful to compare the difference of regenerative ability across phyla to seek the boundary between regenerative and non-regenerative animals. Instead, if we carefully compare the differences of regenerative ability between closely related species within each phylum and accumulate these differences at the cellular molecular levels, we may be able to clarify the boundary between regenerative and non-regenerative animals. Here we introduce our comparative analysis of cellular events after amputation of lower jaws between frogs and newts. Then we propose that such comparative analyses using closely related species within the same phylum should be accumulated to understand the boundary between regenerative and non-regenerative animals in order to apply this understanding for realizing regenerative medicine in the future.  相似文献   

20.
热带山地雨林林冠对降雨的影响分析   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
 本文利用海南岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林天然更新林中降雨、穿透水及树干茎流的4年观测资料,分析了热带山地雨林林冠对降雨影响的三个主要方面:林冠对降雨的再分配、林冠对降雨的化学影响以及林冠对降雨势能的消弱效应。从而定量地阐述了热带山地雨林生态系统的某些生态功能和水文效益。  相似文献   

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