AFLP技术及其在茶树种质资源研究中的应用(综述)

AFLP分子标记技术具有快速、方便、分辨率高、重复性好等优点,在茶树种质资源研究中应用潜力很大。本文简要介绍AFLP分析技术的原理、特点与进展,并综述近年来AFLP标记技术在茶树种质资源研究中的应用。     

AFLP标记在研究家蚕遗传多态性方面的应用

AFLP是一种多态检出效率很高的分子标记技术,在构建遗传图谱,遗传多态性研究,重建分子系统演化树,品种鉴定,基因克隆等众多研究领域有着其它分子标记技术不可比拟的优势。本文在前人用AFLP技术对植物多态性研究的基础上,将AFLP用于家蚕的遗传多态性研究,结果发现在家蚕中同样具有丰富的AFLP标记的多态性。由此暗示AFLP技术亦适合研究家蚕等昆虫类动物的遗传多态性,构建遗传图谱,或用于其分子生态学,分子进化和分类等方面的研究。此外本文还探讨了适合于家蚕等昆虫的AFLP分析的实验条件。     

AFLP分子标记技术的发展及其在蜜蜂学研究中的应用

AFLP分子标记技术是一种建立在PCR技术和RFLP技术基础之上的新的DNA指纹分析技术,现已广泛用于生物遗传多样性、系统进化及分类、基因定位、遗传图谱构建、标记辅助育种和品质鉴定等方面的研究。文章对AFLP分子标记技术的原理、特点、技术发展及其在蜜蜂Apis spp.学研究中的应用进行详细论述。     

AFLP技术及其在水生动物研究中的应用

AFLP技术是近年来发展起来的一种新型分子遗传标记技术,该技术在遗传多样性分析．遗传图谱构建以及遗传育种等方面均具有重要的作用。介绍了AFLP的发展背景、基本原理和特点．并对其在水生动物研究方面的应用情况进行了综述。     

AFLP:DNA指纹分析的有力手段

AFLP（扩增片段长度多态性）是一种基于PCR的高分辨DNA指纹分析方法,是一种新的DNA分子标记技术,与其它标记技术相比,它具有相对全家简便,快速,可靠的优点,本文阐述了AFLP的原理,方法及其技术关键指标,综述了AFLP目前在微生物学,植物学等方面的应用。     

分子标记技术在烟草种质资源研究中的应用进展

DNA分子标记作为新发展起来的一种遗传标记形式,凭借其可靠有效等优点,在农业科学研究中的应用越来越广泛。综述了几种分子标记技术(RAPD、AFLP、ISSR)在烟草种资源中的应用进展,分析了分子标记技术在烟草种资源及遗传多样性研究中存在的问题及今后发展方向。     

AFLP技术在食品微生物中的应用

AFLP技术是一项新的DNA分子标记技术,它是在PCR技术的基础上,扩增了基因组DNA限制性片段,先用限制性内切酶切割基因组DNA,在接着将双链接头与DNA片段的末端相连接,接头序列和相邻的限制性位点序列,作为印务结合位点。这种AFLP技术结合了RT-PCR和AFIP技术,与RFLP相比较,AFLP具有在一个实验中可以同时观察到大量的限制性片段的优点。本文阐述了AFLP技术的基本原理,并研究了AFLP技术在食品微生物中的应用以及探讨在食品微生物中的应用前景。     

分子标记技术在烟草种质遗传多样性研究中的应用进展

DNA分子标记作为新发展起来的一种遗传标记形式,凭借其可靠有效等优点,在农业科学研究中的应用越来越广泛.综述了几种分子标记技术(RAPD、AFLP、ISSR)在烟草种质资源中的应用进展,分析了分子标记技术在烟草种质资源及遗传多样性研究中存在的问题及今后发展方向.     

AFLP分子标记技术在昆虫学研究中的应用

AFLP分子标记技术是一种建立在PCR技术和RFLP标记基础上的新的DNA指纹分析技术 ,具有多态性丰富、结果稳定可靠、重复性好、所需DNA量少、可以在不知道基因组序列的情况下进行研究等特点 ,现已广泛用于构建遗传图谱、遗传多样性研究、系统进化及分类学、遗传育种和品质鉴定以及基因定位等方面。该文介绍了AFLP标记技术的原理以及在昆虫学研究中的应用。     

DNA分子标记技术在玉米种子纯度鉴定中的应用

从常规鉴定、生化鉴定及分子标记技术鉴定等方面,阐述了玉米种子纯度鉴定的重要性。进一步对RAPD、RFLP、SSR和AFLP等分子标记技术在种子纯度鉴定和品种真实性分析中的应用潜力及存在问题进行比较,得出SSR分子标记技术是目前种子纯度和品种真实性鉴定中最适宜的技术。     

土壤水分对不同专用小麦后期光合特性及产量的影响

采用盆栽方法,研究了土壤水分对专用小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明,强筋小麦豫麦34旗叶叶绿素计读数(SPAD值)、PSⅡ活性(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)在土壤相对含水量60%(FC)的条件下最高,光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)、有效电子传递速率(ETR)和传递的量子产率(Φ2)在80%FC下最高;高产小麦豫麦49旗叶SPAD值、qP、qN、ETR均以80%FC下最高,Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和φ2受土壤水分影响不大;弱筋小麦豫麦0,除qN在80%FC下最低外,其余光合特性参数均以80%FC的条件下最高.豫麦34产量和蛋白质含量均以60%FC最高,且产量达极显著差异;豫麦49和豫麦0籽粒蛋白质含量以40%FC最高,籽粒产量以80%FC最高,且豫麦49产质差异均达显著水平,而豫麦0的产量差异达极显著水平.     

植物种群研究中的分子标记及其应用

综述了植物种群分子生态研究中各种标记法及其应用,包括等位酶、ＡＦＬＰ、ＲＡＰＤ、ＳＳＲ及ＲＦＬＰ等方法,并根据所涉及的有关研究论述及研究工作总结比较了各种方法应用在植物种群学研究中的利弊,强调应依不同的研究目的采用不同的分子标记方法,各种标记方法对解决不同的问题在质和量上是不同的。     

Comparative assessment of DNA fingerprinting techniques (RAPD, ISSR and AFLP) for genetic analysis of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) accessions of India.

Nineteen cashew accessions were analysed with 50 random primers, 12 ISSR primers and 6 AFLP primer pairs to compare the efficiency and utility of these techniques for detecting variation in cashew germplasm. Each marker system could discriminate between all of the accessions, albeit with varied efficiency of polymorphism detection. AFLP exhibited maximum discrimination efficiency with a genotype index of 1. The utility of each molecular marker technique, expressed as marker index, was estimated as a function of average band informativeness and effective multiplex ratio. Marker index was calculated to be more than 10 times higher in AFLP than in RAPD and ISSR. Similarity matrices were determined based on the data generated by molecular and morphometric analyses, and compared for congruency. AFLP displayed no correspondence with RAPD and ISSR. Correlation between ISSR and RAPD similarity matrices was low but significant (r = 0.63; p < 0.005). The similarity matrix based on morphometric markers exhibited no correlation with any of the molecular markers. AFLP, with its superior marker utility, was concluded to be the marker of choice for cashew genetic analysis.     

生化标记和分子标记在蕈菌研究中的应用现状

本文介绍了目前在蕈菌研究中的酯酶同工酶标记,RAPD标记,RFLP标记,AFLP标记,简单重复序列标记和电泳核型等分子标记和生化标记在蕈菌遗传育种、菌株鉴定、遗传多样性研究、亲缘关系和基因定位等方面的研究、应用现状,包括原理、应用领域及最新研究进展。     

AFLP Fingerprinting for Assessing Intraspecific Variation and Genome Mapping in Mites

Molecular genetic techniques have come a long way in the last decade. With the advent of PCR, genetic markers are now accessible for all organisms, including mites. However, there is usually a trade-off between the accuracy of the molecular technique or genetic marker and expediency. In mites, many molecular techniques are not applicable due to their small size. Here we describe a relatively new molecular fingerprinting technique, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), which is currently used widely in plant genomic research. We outline the AFLP procedure adapted for mites, show results using this technique from our own research and discuss the benefits and limitations of AFLPs for assessing genetic variation and for genome mapping. It is our intention to highlight the possible use of AFLPs as genetic markers with a broad application in acarological research.     

Conversion of an AFLP fragment linked to the carrot Y2 locus to a simple, codominant,]PCR-based marker form

 Recent advances have expanded the potential usefulness of molecular techniques for plant genetic research. AFLP is a powerful technique, allowing rapid and reliable analysis of multiple, potentially polymorphic sites in a single experiment. Because AFLP technology requires no a priori knowledge of genome structure or preparation of molecular probes, it is immediately useful for a wide variety of plant species. However, because AFLP markers are dominant, costly, and technologically demanding, the technique has limited application for large-scale, locus-specific uses. In carrot, the Y ₂ locus controls carotene accumulation in the root xylem core. Although carrot is an important source of dietary carotene, little is known about the regulation and biosynthesis of carotenes in carrot. We identified six AFLP fragments linked to the Y ₂ locus through a combination of F₂ mapping and bulked segregant analysis. We have developed a procedure for generating simple, codominant, PCR-based markers from dominant AFLP fragments using a Y ₂ -linked AFLP fragment as a model. Our converted marker requires only a simple PCR followed by standard agarose gel electrophoresis. It is rapid, simple, reliable, comparatively inexpensive, codominant, and non-radioactive. Conversion of AFLP fragments to forms better adapted to large-scale, locus-specific applications greatly expands the usefulness of this molecular technique. Received: 16 February 1998 / Accepted: 7 April 1998     

RFLP、RAPD、AFLP在水稻农垦58S和1514中多态性比较

本文用RFLP、RAPD和AFLP三种分子标记技术对农垦58SX1514组合及其F2极性集团进行了分 析,比较了它们多态性和阳性的比率,结果显示,三种分子标记的多态性和与目的基因连锁的阳性比率分别为19.93% , 5.23% ;11.17% , 0.76%和86.47% , 7.52%。AFLP的多态性比率和阳性比率均为最高。分析探讨了三种分子标记技术的优缺点及其在区间高分辨率作图和筛选与目的基因连锁标记中的运用。     

Comparison of four molecular markers for genetic analysis in Diospyros L. (Ebenaceae)

Four molecular markers, including inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP), sequence-specific amplified polymorphism (SSAP), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), were compared in terms of their informativeness and efficiency for analysis of genetic relationships among 28 genotypes in the genus Diospyros. The results were as follows: (1) the highest level of detected polymorphism were observed for IRAP; (2) AFLP was the most efficient marker system due to the simultaneous detection of abundant polymorphism markers per single reaction; (3) the marker index (MI) value was lower for SSAP than for AFLP, but SSAP had a higher level of detected polymorphism than AFLP; (4) the correlation coefficients of similarity were statistically significant for all four marker systems; (5) the four molecular markers yielded similar phylogenetic trees. To our knowledge, this was the first detailed report of a comparison of performance among three retrotransposon-based molecular markers (IRAP, REMAP, SSAP) and the AFLP technique (DNA-based molecular marker) on a set of samples of Diospyros. The results provide guidance for future efficient use of these molecular methods in the genetic analysis of Diospyros.     

RFLP、RAPD、AFLP在水稻农垦58S和1514中多态性比较

本文用ＲＦＬＰ、ＲＡＰＤ和ＡＦＬＰ三种分子标记技术对农垦５８ＳＸ１５１４组合及其Ｆ２极性集团进行了分析,比较了它们多成性和阳性的比率,结果显示,三种分子标记的多态性和与目的基因连锁的阳性比率分别为１９．９３％,５．２３％;１１．１７％,０．７６％和８６．４７％,７．５２％。ＡＦＬＰ的多态性比率和阳性比率均为最高。分析探讨了三种分子标记技术的优缺点及其在区间高分辩率作图和筛选与目的基因连锁标记中的运     

Primary Study of Rice AFLP Analysis-Optimization of Reaction Conditions and Analysis of Thermo sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Allelic Mutant Lines

AFLP analysis was performed between a pair of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) rice allelic mutant lines (5460S and 5460F). The reaction conditions for rice AFLP assay were optimized. The relative efficiencies for polymorphism detection of RFLP, RAPD and AFLP were compared. The results indicated that the efficiency for polymorphism detection in rice was in the order of AFLP > RAPD > RFLP, and also indicated that AFLP was a powerful DNA molecular marker technique for polymorphism detection, especially in the case of extremely low polymorphism, such as isogenic lines and allehc mutant hnes. Some of the AFLP products between the TGMS rice allehc mutant lines were cloned. Three of them were used as mixed probes to screen BAC library of rice line 5460S. 12 positive clones were screened out. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these three molecular marker systems were discussed.